Connective, Muscle and Nervous Tissue/Membranes

List 4 features of skeletal muscle.

. Its controlled . Has a long cylinder-like shape . Striated . Has many nuclei along the edges

List 5 types of connective tissue.

. Loose connective . Dense connective . Cartilage . Bone . Blood

List 4 types of membranes

. Mucous . Serous . Synovial . Cutaneous

List 3 places where serous membranes can be found.

. Pericardium . Peritoneum . Pleura (surround the heart, abdominal cavity and thoracic cavity)

List the 3 types of muscle tissue.

. Skeletal . Smooth . Cardiac

List 3 functions of blood.

. Transport . Defense . Clotting

List 4 features of smooth muscle.

. Uncontrolled . Banana-like shape . Not striated . Has a nucleus at the center of each cell

List 4 features of cardiac muscle.

. Uncontrolled . Branch-like shape . Striated . Has a nucleus at the center of each cell

List 3 areas where DI connective tissue can be found.

. Valves of the heart . Periosteum . Dermis of the skin

_______ + _________= matrix

Ground substance, Fibers

What do mast cells do?

Stimulate inflammation after an injury.

Synovial membranes are similar to serous membranes in the fact that:

They both secrete fluids for lubrication.

True or False Adipose tissue is good for fat storage.

True

True or False Mucus membranes contain goblet cells.

True

True or False Pathogens refer to damaged cells.

True

True or False Serous membranes line body cavities.

True

True or False Synovial membranes line joints.

True

Blood is a type of _________ connective tissue.

Liquid

Do brain tumors come from neurons or neuroglia?

Neuroglia.

Nervous tissue is primarily made up of what two types of cells?

Neurons and neuroglia.

List the 3 types of loose connective tissue.

. Areolar . Adipose . Reticular

List 5 functions of connective tissue.

. Binds together . Supports . Protects . Stores energy . Transportation

List three types of fibers and their purpose that can make up a ground substance.

. Collagen - tough, yet flexible . Elastic - Strong and stretchable . Reticular - Network/framework fibers

List 3 functions of muscle tissue.

. Contract . Stretch . Produce heat

List 3 types of dense connective tissue.

. Dense regular . Dense irregular . Elastic

Mucus membranes can be found lining important body tracts including what:

. Digestive . Respiratory . Urinary . Reproductive

List 3 functions of adipose tissue.

. Energy source. . Good insulation. . Adds cushion.

What two things is the matrix made of?

. Fibers . Ground substance

One of the characteristics of connective tissue is the fact that it has many types of cells. List the 4.

. Fibroblasts . Macrophages . Mast cells . Adipocytes

List the 4 scattered cells in areolar tissue.

. Fibroblasts . Mast cells (inflammation) . Elastic Fibers . Collagen Fibers

List 5 characteristics of connectivie tissue.

. Good blood supply . Widely scattered cells in a matrix . Has nerve supply . No free surface (it is underneath) . Contains many types of cells.

List 3 types of cartilage.

. Hyaline . Fibrocartilage . Elastic

List 2 places where reticular connective tissues can be found.

. In lymph nodes . Spleen

What are the scattered cells in the matrix of adipose tissue?

Adipocytes.

Where can you find skeletal muscle?

Attached to the skeleton.

Where can you find smooth muscle?

Blood vessels and digestive organs.

The scattered cells in chondrocytes are:

Chondorocytes in the lacunae.

Cartilage matrix is made up of:

Chondroitin sulfate and collagen and elastic fibers.

Most of the matrix in DR connective tissue is ________

Collagen Fibers. (important for the strength to attach, pull muscles and maintain bone position)

As you know, the matrix consists of ground substance and fibers. When we refer to bones, ground substance is inorganic and fibers are organic. So your organic part (fibers) consist of what? ___________ and ____________. Your inorganic part (ground substance) cosist of what? _______________ and ______________.

Collagen and elastic fibers. Calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate

What makes up most of the matrix in DI connective tissue?

Collagen fibers

What kind of fibers make up most of the matrix in DI connective tissue?

Collagen fibers.

What kind of junction can you find in mucus membranes?

Desmosome

Nervous tissue can conduct:

Electrical impulses.

What do neurons carry?

Electrical signals.

A basement membrane is created by what two layers?

Epithelium and the connective tissue (usually areolar) below it.

True or False Macrophages stimulate inflammation.

False Mast cells do that. Macrophages engulf pathogens that enter the tissue.

True or False Adipose tissue isn't vascular.

False.

True or False Hyaluronic acid is a disaccharide derivative.

False. Its a polysaccharide derivative.

True or False The ground substance remains the same for all types of connective tissues.

False. They vary from tissue to tissue.

The fibers in a matrix come from _________

Fibroblasts

What are the scattered cells in dense regular connective tissue?

Fibroblasts

What kind of scattered cells do DI connective tissue have?

Fibroblasts

What kind of scattered cells does DI connective tissue have?

Fibroblasts

What two areas can blood tissue be found?

Heart and blood vessels.

The matrix of adipose tissue is similar to that of areolar tissue in that it has a ground substance of ___________________

Hyaluronic acid.

The matrix for areolar includes a ground substance of _________________ and __________ and ___________ fibers.

Hyloronic acid/collagen/elastic

How many different directions to collagen fibers run in dense regular connective tissue?

In one direction.

Where can you find cardiac muscle?

In the heart.

List 2 areas where fibrocartilage can be found.

In the menisci of the knee and intervertebral discs.

List 2 examples of very hyaline cartilage can be found.

In the nose and trachea.

Each cell of cardiac muscle is connected by:

Intercalated discs

Why is ground substance important in making up the matrix?

It binds cells together (a function of connective tissue) and determines he tissue's characteristics.

What is the function of the mucous membrane?

It makes mucous.

What type of function does elastic cartilage have?

It provides for flexibility and support.

What advantage does fibrocartilage have over hyaline cartilage?

It's much more durable than hyaline cartilage because there are so many fibers in the matrix.

Why would dense regular connective tissue be found in tendons and ligaments?

It's necessary for function, including: . Firm attachment. . Pulls muscles . Maintains bone position . Reduces friction between muscles

Hyaline cartilage is improtant for _____________

Joint movement.

What do fibroblasts do?

Make fibers.

Cells in connective tissue are spread further apart with a ______ in between.

Matrix

All connective tissue come from __________

Mesenchyme (common origin)

Elastic cartilage is made of:

Mostly elastic fibers

Areolar tissue can be found around blood vessels and under _______________.

Mucous membranes.

Do neurons undergo mitosis?

No

Are there blood vessels and/or nerve supply in cartilage?

No.

Is there a lot of ground substance in DR connective tissue?

No.

Is there a lot of ground substance in the matrix of DI connective tissue?

No.

Cartilage is a type of connectvie tissue, and two of the characteristics of connective tissue are its good blood and nerve supply. Could this be said of cartilage?

No. Cartilage is unique because it is avascular and has no nerve supply.

Do collagen fibers run in one direction in DI connective tissue?

No. They run in many directions.

Adipose tissue can be found in subcutaneous tissue (just below the skin) and around _________.

Organs

Bone is made of what type of tissue?

Osseous

What two types of scattered cells are in the bone?

Osteoblasts and osteocytes

What is blood matrix made of?

Plasma and dissolved proteins that only appear during clotting.

Scattered cells in blood include _______ and _______ blood cells.

Red, white

What kind of fibers are in the matrix of adipose tissue?

Reticular fibers.

What does DI connective tissue do?

Strenghten and support areas subjected to stresses from many directions.

Cartilage is a type of tissue resistant to ________.

Stress (A type of supportive connective tissue)

Elastic connective tissue allows for ___________.

Stretching.

What do neuroglia do?

Support the neurons.

List two areas where dense regular connective tissue can be found.

Tendons and ligaments.

Name an area where elastic cartilage can be found.

The ears.

What makes connective tissue different from epithelial tissue?

The fact that the cells in connective tissue are scattered about through an extracellular matrix. Unlike epithelial tissue, held together by tightly packed cells.

Perichondrium is a membrane of fibrous connective tissue that covers:

The surface of cartilage. (Except at the joints)

True or Flase Adipocytes are fat cells.

True (They store fat.)

True or False Serous membranes secrete a watery fluid to reduce friction.

True (allows organs to slide against each other without friction)

True or False Mucus membranes have a supply of areolar connective tissue.

True (its known as lamina propria)

True or False Reticular connective tissue makes up the skeleton of organs.

True Like bones, they create a network of structure and support.

True or False Adipose tissue is a heat conductor.

True That means it also prevents heat loss.

True or False Serous membranes contain epithelium.

True (Mesothelium)

True or False Synovial membranes have a few scattered cells.

True (W/no epithelium)

Do neuroglia undergo mitosis?

Yes

Does fibrocartilage have a lot of fibers in it's matrix?

Yes

Is hyaline cartilage common?

Yes

Is areolar tissue common in the human body?

Yes.