Consumer behavior Ch8-14

Attitude

______ is a lasting, general evaluation of people, objects, advertisements, or issues.

Social power

______ is the degree to which a person is able to make other people do something.

Opinion seekers

________ are generally more involved in a product category and actively search for information.

Consumer situation

________ includes a buyer, a seller, and a product or service and other factors.

social stratification

________ is a system in which we define people by what they do for a living.

Working class

Blue-collar workers with relatively high-prestige jobs consider themselves as _________.

Opinion leaders

Individuals with the ability to influence others' attributes or behaviors are considered ________.

Compliance

Researchers agree that there are various levels of commitment to an attitude. The lowest form of involvement is

Brand Loyalty

A consumer who buys the same brand over and over again exhibits _________.

extended problem solving

A costumer buying an unfamiliar product which carried a fair degree of risk would most likely engage in what typer of problem solving?

pop stimuli

A coupon-dispensing machine in a grocery aisle and an employee handing out free samples of a new product are both examples of _________.

Set of individuals & organizations that create & market a cultural product

A cultural production system is a ______________.

Shopping Psychology

A general attitude toward shopping is called ______.

Activity Store

In a (n) _______, consumers participate in the production of the products or services they buy.

Impression

In advertising terms, a (n) ______ refers to a view or exposure to an advertising message.

Asian

In general, people from which of the following cultures have typically been shown to wait the mot patiently while standing in a long time?

Hispanic

Which american ethnic subculture is the fastest growing?

Social Dimension

Which dimension of psychological time includes the categorization of "time for me"?

Ideology

Which functional area of culture is most closely related to the idea of a common worldview?

Crowding

Which of the following is an unpleasant psychological state?

Attractiveness

Source ______ refers to the perceived social value of a message source.

attitude

A (n) ________ is lasting, general evaluation of people (including oneself) objects, advertisements, or issues.

Surrogate consumer

A (n) _________ is a marketing intermediary retained by a consumer to guide what that consumer buys.

Reference Group

A (n) __________ is an actual or imaginary individual or group conceived of having significant relevance upon an individual's evaluations, aspirations, or behavior.

Subculture

A _______ is defined as a group whose members share beliefs and common experiences that set them apart from others.

1. Cognitive 2. Habitual 3.Affective

A bucket in consumer decision making is _________.

Buying center

A buying decisions made by organizational buying is called _____.

Ritual

A set of cultural behaviors that occur in a fixed sequence and tend to be repeated is called a _________.

Rite of passage

A special ritual marking a person's transition from one role to another is called a ___________.

Being Space

A store environment that has been made to resemble a living room where customers can relax, hang out with friends, or even learn is referred to as a (n) ________.

myth

A story containing symbolic elements that express the shared emotions and ideals of a culture is called a _____.

Constructive Processing

According to _______, we evaluate the effort we'll need to make a particular choice and then we tailor the amount of cognitive "effort" we expend to make that choice.

Non-compensatory decision

According to the _______ rule, a product with a low standing on one attribute cannot make up for this position by being better on another attribute.

Cohort

An age ________ consists of people of similar ages who have undergone similar experiences.

3 generations that live together. Grandparents, Aunts/Uncles, and cousins

An extended family unit is characterizes by _______ living together.

Spend thrifts

Consumers who buy everything in sight are called ________.

Frugalistas

Consumers who refuse to sacrifice style, but achieve it on a budget are called ______.

Personality

Culture is bets described as a society's _________.

Cell phones

M-commerce most likely takes place through______

Mexican

Nearly 60% of the Hispanic American population are of ________ descent.

Japan

Of the countries listed below, which is thought to be highly status-conscious?

Income inequality

One percenters are an example of ________.

Co-Consumers

Others who are present in a consumer's physical and social environment when purchases are made are called _______.

knowledge

The ______ function of attitudes applies when a person is in an ambiguous situation and needs order, structure, or meaning.

Low-involvement

The ______ hierarchy of effects assumes the consumer does not initially have a strong preference for one brand over another. Instead, a consumer acts on the basis of limited knowledge and then forms an evaluation only after the product had been purchased or used.

Queuing Theory

The psychological dimension of time or how it is experienced is an important factor in what mathematical study?

Liminality

The second stage in the rite of passage is ___________.

Position a Product

The success of _________ hinges on the marketer's ability to convince the consumer to consider its product within a given category

Aspirational

When companies use celebrities in their ads they are using the principle of ______ reference groups.

The baby boom generation

people born between 1946 and 1964

Deethnicization

process whereby a product formerly associated with a specific ethnic group is detached from its roots and marketed to other subcultures is called ___________.

Evaluative Criteria

the dimensions we use to judge the merits of competing options are called _______.

Discretionary Income

the money available to a household over and above what it requires to have a comfortable standard of living is called _______.

Age, Race + Ethnic Background

A component of a person's subculture is _______________.

1. Affect, Behavior, Cognition

A component of the ABC model of attitude is ________.

Born-again community

Most religion-oriented marketing activity in America can be traced to the _________ community.

Cultural selection

Products are winnowed out as they make their way down the path from conception to consumption, a process called ________.

Cult

Products that consumers are willing to pay more for are called ______ products.

Internalization

Researchers agree that there are various levels of commitment to an attitude. The highest level of involvement is

Economic

Researchers primarily see the git-giving ritual as a type of _______ exchange.

Chronological

The actual number of years a person has been alive is their _________ age.

Income

The best predictor of major expenditures that do not have status or symbolic value is _______.

Recognition

The first stage in the consumer decision-making process is _______.

Problem Recognition

The first step in the cognition decision-making process is ______.

Attitude facilitate social behavior

The functional theory of attitudes was initially developed to explain how_______

Store Image

The personality of a retail store is also called ________.

Bandwagon

The pressure to conform that escalates as more and more group members "cave in" is called _________.

Acculturation

The process of movement and adaption to one country's cultural environment by a person from another country is called _________.

True

True/False: A point-of-purchase stimuli is part of the purchase environment.

True

True/False: Culture or origin is considered one of the acculturation agents mentioned in the text.

True

True/False: Education is one determining factor in future income.

True

True/False: Identification occurs when we form an attitude to conform to another person's or group's expectations.

True

True/False: If a person has social power, he or she has the ability to alter the actions of others.

theory of cognitive dissonance

Which theory of attitudes states that people are motivated to take action to resolve inconsistencies between attitudes and behaviors?

Pecking order

With respect to social organization, some barnyard animals exhibit signs of a dominance-submission hierarchy.

Norms

Within groups, informal rules of behavior are called ______.

Permission marketing

_____ acknowledges that marketers will be more successful when they communicate with consumers who have already agreed to listen to them.

Social loafing

______ happens when we do not devote as much time and effort to a task as we could because our contribution is part of a larger group effect.

Satisficing

A decision strategy that seeks to deliver an adequate solution rather than the best possible solution is referred to as ________.

Membership

A group composed of people that the consumer actually knows is called a (n) ________ reference group.

A mother, a father, and one or more children.

A nuclear family consists of __________.

1. Cultural pressures 2. Fear of deviance 3. Commitment

A reason why consumers conform is _______.

1.Membership 2. Aspirational, 3. Anticipatory and 4. Symbolic

A type of reference group is __________.

cultural gatekeepers

In the cultural production process, the people who control the flow of information between producers and customers are called ________.

True

True/False: Mainstream marketers used to avoid religion topics; now they actively target church members.

True

True/False: Mothers with preschool children are the fastest-growing segment of working people.

False

True/False: Product information that individuals is called push promotion.

True

True/False: Self-regulation refers to a person's efforts to change or maintain his actions over time.

False

True/False: The first step in the consumer decision-making process is to conduct information search.

False

True/False: The mental characteristics of people and the way they relate to their environment and social group are called ecology.

True

True/False: Winnowing out is part of the cultural selection process.

False

True/False: according to the functional theory of attitudes, attitudes exist because they are hereditary.

1. Consumer Satisfaction 2. Product Disposal 3. Alternative markets.

Which of the following is considered a post-purchase process?

Movement

______ refers to the factors that motivate people to physically uproot themselves from one location to another.

Social mobility

______ refers to the passage of individuals from one social class to another.

Atmospherics

_______ is the conscious designing of retail space and its various dimensions to evoke certain effects in buyers.

Source

_______ is the first element in the traditional communications model.

Information search

_______ is the process by which the consumer surveys the environment for appropriate data to make a reasonable decision.

Social Structure

_______ is the way people maintain an orderly social life.

Norms

_______ usually dictate what is right and wrong, acceptable or unacceptable.

Consumer confidence

________ measures how optimistic or pessimistic people are about the future health of the economy and how they will fair in the future.

Problem Recognition

________ occurs whenever the consumer sees a significant difference between his or her current state of affairs and some desired state.