consumer behavior final

In which type of motivational conflict must a consumer choose between two attractive alternatives? positive-positive win-win approach-approach avoidance-avoidance primary-primary

approach approach

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding consumer decisions and the consumer decision process? The decision process model provides useful insight into all types of consumer purchases. Consumer decisions are frequently the result of a single problem. Consumer decisions are rational and functional; otherwise they do not involve decisions per se. Some consumer decisions result from the convergence of several problems. Once the decision process begins, it may evolve and become more complex with multiple goals.

Consumer decisions are rational and functional; otherwise they do not involve decisions per se.

A(n) _____ is the way an individual perceives his or her feelings and situation to be at the present time. current state actual state desired state self-concept self-assessment

actual state

Which of the following tends to be more holistic in nature, and the brand is not decomposed into distinct components that are evaluated separately from the whole? affective choice attitude-based choice rational choice attribute-based choice instrumental choice

affective choice

Which of the following is a VALS segment of consumers? Traditionalists Minimalists Blue Blood Estates Believers Enthusiasts

believers

Evaluative criteria differ on all EXCEPT which of the following? type number quality importance brand

brand

Under conditions of crowding, consumers tend to _____. be more satisfied buy less use more information buy more make more informed decisions

buy less

Maslow's hierarchy of needs includes all EXCEPT which of the following? cognition physiological safety belongingness esteem

cognition

Which component of attitudes consists of a consumer's beliefs about an object? cognitive behavioral affective utilitarian factual

cognitive

Which decision rule establishes minimum required performance standards for each evaluative criterion and selects the first or all brands that meet or exceed these minimum standards? conjunctive disjunctive lexicographic elimination-by-aspects compensatory

conjunctive

Experience, familiarity, social status, shopping orientation, and product involvement are examples of which factor that influences the expected benefits and perceived costs of search? market characteristics product characteristics consumer characteristics situation characteristics personality traits

consumer characteristics

Which of the following is an individual factor that can influence attitude change? level of viewer distraction consumer knowledge program context buying occasion

consumer knowledge

A brand whose perceived performance falls below expectations generally produces _____. satisfaction nonsatisfaction fear dissatisfaction

dissatisfaction

Which of the following is a theory about how attitudes are formed and changed under varying conditions of involvement? theory of reasoned action cognitive dissonance theory elaboration likelihood model attribution theory

elaboration likelihood model ELM

Very high levels of purchase involvement tend to produce _____. extended decision making nominal decision making affective decision making limited decision making

extended decision making

All of the brands thought of as potential solutions are known as the consideration set. True False

false

Extroversion, instability, agreeableness, openness to experience, and conscientiousness are dimensions of brand personality. True False

false

Search engine optimization involves tracking consumer click patterns on a website and using that information to decide on banner ad placement. True False

false

Which type of consumer problem is one of which the consumer is not aware? latent manifest active inactive

inactive

Brands that are found completely unworthy of further consideration are members of the _____. evoked set inept set excluded set inert set discarded set

inept set

Past searches, prior personal experiences, and prior low-involvement learning are examples of which source of information? memory personal sources independent sources marketing sources experiential sources

memory

Simply presenting a brand to an individual on a large number of occasions to make the individual's attitude toward the brand more positive is known as _____. the familiarity effect mere exposure positive exposure the saturation effect repetitive exposure

mere exposure

Connie just purchased her first new car, and she's actually feeling a little bad about it. She's concerned about how much money she spent and how long she will be making car payments. She's not sure she made the right choice, either. She liked another car a little better, but ended up purchasing another model. Connie is experiencing _____. postpurchase worry postpurchase guilt postpurchase dissonance postpurchase shame postpurchase fear

postpurchase dissonance

Which dimension of self refers to how I am or would like to be to myself? actual self-concept ideal self-concept private self-concept social self-concept present self-concept

private self concept

What is the first stage of the consumer decision process? information search problem recognition alternative evaluation postpurchase behavior purchase

problem recognition

Get the best deals!" is an example of a ______ ad. prevention-focused promotion-focused negative consequence positive reinforcement decision making

promotion focused

Kevin buys the same brand of clothing all the time. He continues to buy it because it fits him well and the price is right, but he does not have an emotional attachment to it. Kevin is an example of a(n) _____. trapped consumer repeat purchaser committed customer nonsatisfied customer indifferent purchaser

repeat purchaser

The ability of an individual to distinguish between similar stimuli is called _____. stimulus generalization perceptual generalization perceptual discrimination sensory perception sensory discrimination

sensory discrimination

Which of the following is NOT an alternative once a consumer has decided to get rid of a product? sell it store it give it away throw it away loan it to someone

store it

An attribute used to stand for or indicate another attribute is known as a _____. determinant attribute substitute indicator surrogate indicator secondary indicator proxy

surrogate indicator

Which of the following is a situational characteristic? temporal perspective product package demographics social class

temporal perspective

In which type of ad does a person, generally a typical member of the target market, recount his or her successful use of the product, service, or idea? single message demonstration testimonial ad comparative ad two-sided message

testimonial ad

Celebrity endorsers are often a useful way to personify a brand since the characteristics and meanings of the celebrity can be transferred to the brand. True False

true

Individuals tend to comply with group expectations, particularly when the behavior is visible. True False

true

Using WD-40 as an additive to fish bait is an example of _______. use innovativeness counterfeit thinking usage expansion extended use thinking

use innovativeness