Content Test (206)

A first grade teacher regularly asks students to plan and write down what they will do before engaging in an activity. The teacher is working with an English language learner in the class who has strong home language skills and whose home language has a similar alphabetic system to English. The student shares that he plans to use blocks and writes the following sentence in English I mk a T. ( I make a tower. ) According to research, which of the following statements best describes how a student's home language skills affect a student's English writing development? A. a student's home language skills can cause him to readily switch between writing words in English and his home language B. learning two languages at once impedes a student's ability to correctly spell English sight words C. a student's home language skills positively contribute to a student's writing skills in English D. learning two languages simultaneously helps to build a student's English letter-sound knowledge more quickly than when learning one language

C. home language skills contribute positively to second language skills.

Throughout the school year, a kindergarten teacher is planning to take students to various locations within the community such as the post office, a grocery store, and a bus station. As a follow-up to each trip, the teacher will ask the students to discuss how their families use these locations as the teacher creates a list of their ideas. Which of the following social science concepts is the teacher promoting by using this activity? A. human diversity B. civic understanding C. human interdependence D. economic understanding

C. interdependence is the social science concept of being dependent on each other for some needs. The children begin to understand how people in the community rely on each other to provide certain services and goods

A first grade teacher is working on a fire safety and prevention unit with her class. She has taught the students that fires need oxygen, fuel, and heat. She has also taught students to identify exits in each room and how to call the fire department. Which of the following activities would likely reinforce the students' understanding of these practices? A. reading stories of fire prevention methods to students B. performing an experiment with students to demonstrate how a fire is extinguished safely C. having students make posters illustrating what they think is most important about fire safety D. teaching students a song about the importance of fire prevention

C. making posters illustrating their ideas reinforces their understanding of the concept

A kindergarten teacher gathers information throughout the year about each child's ongoing progress across developmental domains. The teacher maintains a folder for each child that includes checklists of skills, a portfolio of work samples, and notes of teacher observations. In which of the following ways could the teacher most effectively use this information? A. presenting a summary of the abilities of children in the class to the administration B. identifying a child who is exhibiting potential developmental delays and learning disabilities C. differentiating instruction for each child based on their strengths, needs, and interests D. choosing topics and areas of study for the children to learn about in thematic units

C. portfolio provides evidence of his or her academic abilities. They allow teachers to see an overall picture of a child's capabilities and can highlight strengths and areas for improvement

The following writing sample is from a second grade student's journal. my favrit color is Pink becuz I Love the color Pink pink goes with evrything And I love to wer it evryday The student would likely benefit from instruction in which of the following areas? A. parts of speech B. content-area vocabulary C. sentence structure D. persuasive writing

C. sentence structure refers to the arrangement of a sentence in a grammatically correct way, including the understanding of where to place capital letters and punctuation marks

A first grade teacher asks her students to write one sentence in their writing journals about their favorite thing in their bedroom. The following is an example of one student's writing: I lik my bad "I like my bed" In this stage of development, on which of the following concepts should the teacher focus. A. letter-sound relationships B. inflectional endings C. short vowel sounds D. grammatical structure

C. students in this state frequently use beginning and ending consonants when writing and are beginning to learn short vowel patterns and CVC words

As an introductory lesson on mapping, a second grade teacher reads aloud a book to her class. The book is about a girl who makes a map of her bedroom for a school assignment and enjoys it so much, she then also maps out all the places her dog likes to go. The book provides explanations of specific map vocabulary and the teacher writes these words on the board as she reads. Which of the following activities would be most effective for the teacher to use as a follow up reading the book? A. providing students with graph paper to make scaled maps of their homes B. reviewing mapping terms by completing a chart with examples C. having students create a map of the classroom D. asking the students to measure the dimensions of various rooms in the school

C. the students are able to learn how maps are applicable to one's life.

An early childhood education teacher fills an empty water table up with recently fallen snow. Next to the table she puts shovels, buckets, and pairs of mittens for the children to wear. As two children begin to play at the snow table, one says, "oh, its getting watery." Which of the following questions would be best for the teacher to ask the child to foster scientific thinking? A. how does watery snow feel? B. what can you make with snow? C. why do you think it's watery? D. when does it usually snow?

C. the teachers question to the child fosters reflection and reasoning directly related to the children's observation and extended thinking about the observation

A three year old preschooler is playing independently on the rug building a house of blocks. While working on the house, the child says, "No, not the yellow one. The black one would look better for the roof." According to the theories of Vygotsky, the child's behavior could be best described as: A. demonstrating an understanding of only one's perspective B. asserting control over the environment C. thinking out loud in order to self-direct learning D. initiating communication with others in order to seek assistance

C. thinking out loud in order to self-direct learning

A first grade teacher plays a recording of a story in which the character's voices are represented by playing a specific musical instrument. For example, a duck is depicted by a trumpet and a wolf is portrayed by an electric guitar. While the story is being played, the students are asked to raise their hand when they hear the duck talking. This activity would be most effective for promoting student's understanding of which of the following musical elements? A. tempo B. form C. timbre D. dynamics

C. timbre is the sound quality of a musical note, or tone that distinguishes different types of sound production

An eight year old student who is an English language learner has recently joined a second grade class. She can communicate in English with simple phrases and sentences and has an English vocabulary of approximately 3,000 words. She often makes grammar and pronunciation errors and misunderstands jokes. Which of the following stages of second language acquisition best describes this student's present level? A. intermediate fluency B. early production C. preproduction D. speech emergence

D

A kindergarten teacher uses the concrete-representational-abstract (CRA) method of teaching children number sense. Which of the following rationales describes the primary purpose of this approach? A. integrating connections for children between math and other curriculum areas B. ensuring that children receive exposure to many different areas of math C. facilitating children's recall of number names and eventually math facts D. promoting children's tangible understanding of the math concepts and skills they learn

D. CRA uses concrete materials to model math concepts. In the representational stage, teacher uses circles, dots, tallies, and other counters. In abstract, the teacher uses numbers or mathematical symbols to represent the original concrete materials

A first grade teacher will read aloud a story about types of transportation. The students will then answer comprehension questions about the story. Which of the following should the teacher do first before reading the story to the class? A. ensuring the students know the meaning of challenging words from the story B. asking students to remember characteristics of each type of transportation in the story C. previewing with the students the main parts of the story such as beginning, middle, and ending D. ensuring the students have an understanding of types of transportation

D. a common reading comprehension strategy used with emergent readers is to provide background knowledge on the content of the story.

A kindergarten teacher allots a portion of each day for children to use classroom learning centers. The teacher monitors the children's engagement and extends the duration of the centers if the children are focused on the activities involved. Which of the following statements describes the primary benefit of this approach? A. increasing the children's conflict resolution skills through social interaction with peers B. meeting the children's needs for solitary and unstructured play C. supporting the children's development of time management skills D. enhancing the children's depth of learning through exploration of self-selected materials

D. helps foster deeper learning and thinking

An early childhood educator notes that a four month old infant can roll over front to back and back to front. According to typical states of motor skill development, which of the following gross motor skills should the teacher expect the child to learn next? A. rolling a ball back and forth with an adult B. pulling self to standing C. crawling forward on belly D. sitting with support and then independently

D. in typical development, after learning to roll over, an infant typically learns to sit up with assistance, and then to sit independently

A nine month old child has just learned to crawl. The early childhood teacher creates safe floor space for the child to explore and provides enticing and accessible toys and activities. Through these actions, the teacher is directly promoting the child's: A. receptive language skills B. social skill development C. expressive language skills D. cognitive development

D. learning to crawl stimulates and promotes children's cognitive development in a number of ways. It helps stimulate and organize neurons, allowing the brain to control cognitive processes

A first grade teacher considers science activities to support students' understanding of concepts related to life sciences. Which of the following student activities would best support the teacher's goal? A. exploring the various textures of rocks and minerals B. watching a video recording about outer space C. building a model of a proposed tool out of clay D. labeling different parts of plants that help them survive and grow

D. life sciences include the study of living things, such as plants and animals

An early childhood education teacher is planning the classroom environment for three and four year old children. She creates centers in the room for art, dramatic play, sensory activities, and building with blocks. Within each of these centers, she has shelves and containers of materials labeled with pictures and words, such as crayons, blocks, and cars. This practice is likely to promote the children's skills in literacy and: A. independent thinking B. time management C. conflict resolution D. social development

D. over time, children become familiar with the environment and can use pictures and words on the boxes and find them for themselves. Instead of asking where something belongs, they can be independent and self-reliant learners

A first grade teacher regularly asks students to plan and write down what they will do before engaging in an activity. The teacher is working with an English language learner in the class who has strong home language skills and whose home language has a similar alphabetic system to English. The student shares that he plans to use blocks and writes the following sentence in English I mk a T. ( I make a tower. ) Based on the scenario above, which of the following strategies would be most appropriate for the teacher to use to promote the student's writing competence? A. showing the student how to use an illustration to convey meaning in writing, such as drawing a tower B. teaching the student the /ow/ sound such as in wow C. working with the student on lessons that build knowledge of common contractions, such as i'm D. engaging the student in activities that build phonemic awareness, such as listening to the sounds of words in songs

D. phonemic awareness activities help students understand the variety of sounds that can be found in individual words. once students can differentiate the sounds in the words, they are able to convey that awareness in writing.

Which of the following skills is a child able to demonstrate if they have developed the most complex level of phonological awareness? A. onset-rime blending and segmentation B. syllable segmentation and blending C. sentence segmentation D. segmenting individual sounds in words

D. phonemic awareness is the understanding that words are made up of individual sounds, or phonemes, and the ability to manipulate these phonemes either by segmenting, blending, or changing individual phonemes within words to create new words

a kindergarten teacher plans a unit on transportation and considers strategies to facilitate the acquisition of English vocabulary for children in the class whose first language is not english. For example, the teacher plans to introduce new words with the use of concrete objects (luggage), and define the words using child-friendly language. Which of the following additional strategies would best support children's acquisition of English vocabulary? A. providing examples of each word in a variety of contexts (having children pack luggage in the play area) B. reading picture books with children that contain the words in sentences along with pictures C. segmenting a word (lugg-age) to ensure children properly pronounce it D. building children's phonological awareness of the word (noting the different sounds in the word)

A. introducing the new word using concrete objects, explaining the word in child-friendly language, and giving examples of the word in many contexts

An early childhood teacher plans art activities for children in the class. Which of the following art materials is most appropriate for an 18-month old toddler to use for these activities? A. wide crayons B. watercolor paint and paintbrush C. colored pencils and pastels D. reusable stickers

A. it is important to provide children with a medium that enables them to begin to gain control of their scribbles, such as wide crayons that are easy to hold

A teacher of two and three year old children often engages them in conversation. For example, when a child is playing with teddy bears, she will ask, "what are the bears doing today?" When a child is painting, she will say, "Please tell me about this interesting picture you are making!" Which of the following benefits is most closely attributed to this practice? A. encouraging children's linguistic creativity and self-expression B. determining children's aptitude levels and readiness for other activities C. obtaining feedback from children with a variety of verbal and vocabulary abilities D. fostering children's focus and self-confidence in their abilities

A. open ended questions and statements are designed to encourage full, meaningful answers using children's own knowledge, feelings, or both. These questions encourage student-generated ideas and solutions

A second grade teacher notes that an English language learner struggles with vocabulary when reading independently. The teacher would like to provide the student with a technological resource to clarify the meaning of unknown words while reading independently. The teacher takes into consideration that the student has strong reading skills in his home language. Which of the following resources would be most beneficial for the student to use when reading on their own? A. a digital text written in both the student's home language and English B. an online language translator to translate unknown English words into the student's home language C. an audio recording of an English version of a book at the student's reading level D. an online thesaurus to help the student identify synonyms of unknown words

B. an online translator is most effective for students to translate unknown english to their home language. they can have "on-demand" vocabulary help

A second grade teacher writes the following problem on the board: Suzanne has $10.00 to buy lunch. She orders a sandwich that costs $4.12. How much change will Suzanne receive after buying the sandwich? The teacher provides each student with a piece of paper and asks them to each read the question to themselves and try to come up with three different ways to answer the question in five minutes. After the five minutes is up, the teacher asks the students to share and compare their ways with a peer. She then calls on students to present different approaches to answering the question. Which of the following skills is most effectively promoted by this instructional strategy? A. group communication B. problem-solving skills C. calculation skills D. reading comprehension

B. asking students to find different solutions encourages problem solving

The National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC) and the Division for Early Childhood (DEC) advocate the use of authentic assessment practices as the primary approach for assessing young children. Which of the following activities is an example of an authentic assessment an early childhood teacher may use to assess children in her class? A. checking in regularly with parents to document home progress in social skills B. observing and documenting a child's sharing and play skills during choice time C. using letter flash card drills once a week to track progress with their sound and letter skills D. comparing and documenting the communications skills of each child during play

B. authentic assessment is the documentation and analysis of a student's actual work collected over time in a real-world environment. This is to track accomplishments to show success and growth over time.

Several kindergarteners are playing in a large sandbox on the school playground. Which of the following activities demonstrates the most developmentally advanced type of play? A. pouring water on the sand to form shapes from the resulting mixture B. building a sand castle cooperatively with two other children C. filling a large bucket with sand using various sizes of scoops D. imitating another child who is tiptoeing through the sand pretending it is very hot

B. building a sand castle cooperatively with two other children

Which of the following educational practices is likely to be most effective in supporting home language preservation of English language learners in a general education kindergarten classroom? A. ensuring that a translator is available for parents and children with a home language other than English during parent-teacher conferences B. engaging children in storytelling activities that include vocabulary from their home languages and reflect their home cultures C. providing children with ample opportunities to socialize with other people who speak their home language during each week D. displaying family portraits and drawings of the children and their families with captions underneath both in English and in children's home languages

B. by routinely engaging in activities that reflect and include their home language, teacher demonstrate that they value and support home language preservation.

A new student whose home language is not English recently joined a first grade class. The teacher communicates to the students' parents through a translator and suggests they read to their child every night and continue to speak to each other in their home language as much as possible. This practice benefits English language learners primarily in which of the following ways? A. encouraging communication between home and school B. enriching their oral language development C. ensuring they remain fluent in their home language D. involving the families in their child's language development

B. developing solid literacy skills in a home language is beneficial before learning to speak and read a new language.

Part C of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) primarily regulates that early intervention services should be provided: A. where the child has access to the highest-quality learning materials B. in the child's most natural learning environment C. for extended periods of time to maximize child development D. where children can be regularly assessed by a team of professionals

B. early intervention services should be provided in the child's most natural learning environment. To maximum extent possible, services should be provided in the setting most comfortable to the child and their family

According to the family systems theory, teachers can better serve children and families by considering which of the following characteristics of a family? A. amount of time spent together B. communication and interaction patterns C. physical aspects of home environment D. number of siblings and genders

B. individuals cannot be understood in isolation from one another, but rather as part of their family, as the family is an emotional unit.

A second grade teacher is beginning a science unit on plants. The objective for the first lesson of the unit will be for students to identify what plants need to grow. Which of the following activities would be most effective for integrating English language arts into this science lesson? A. drawing and labeling the parts of plant B. creating an acrostic poem using plant vocabulary C. discussing and making a list of different species of plants D. acting out the life cycle of a plant

B. integrating science with different subjects helps reinforce understanding. An acrostic poem with science vocabulary helps increase a students understanding

A first grade teacher has talked with her students about dance and practiced different dance movements with them. The teacher plans to explore the relationship between dance in past and present societies with students. Which of the following activities should the teacher engage in next? A. having students interview one of their family members about how dance is important to them B. studying examples of how dance has been used in various celebrations and other types of events with students C. helping students conduct internet research about types of dance and instructions for learning the movements of each one D. asking each student to write an essay about which type of dance is their favorite and to explain why

B. it is important to learn about the different ways dance has been used throughout history.

A second grade teacher would like to integrate the study of geography with language arts. Which activity would be most appropriate for the teacher to assign students that would promote vocabulary development during a geography lesson? A. writing a story in which the main characters must use a map B. creating a simple map that shows important features of story's setting C. writing pen pal letters to students at a school in a different state D. researching various cities using a number of different web sites

B. language arts and geography are integrated by having students read a story then recall the setting to create a simple map.

A kindergarten teacher would like to build children's phonological awareness by practicing the addition or substitution of phonemes in one-syllable words to make new words. Which of the following genres of children's literature will most likely be most appropriate for the teacher's intent? A. fables B. nursery rhymes C. narrative texts D. fairy tales

B. nursery rhymes are known to contain rhyming words, which can help students recognize that by changing just one sound in a word, a new word can be made

A preschool teacher has set up an open-ended sand and water center in her classroom. The teacher includes a variety of materials in the center, including small shovels, buckets, sifters, measuring cups and spoons, shells, twigs, and plastic animals. The teacher's approach reflects the principle that materials in the center should: A. teach children about the relationships among the sciences B. offer a range of experiences to meet the varied developmental levels of children in the class C. promote children's understanding of the necessary steps to keep the center organized D. be varied and changed daily to maintain children's interest

B. open-ended learning centers provide differentiated experiences by including assorted learning materials that can be used in a variety of ways

A kindergarten teacher reads the following set of four words: bet, bat, but, cap to a small group of children. The teacher asks the children to identify which word doesn't belong in the group. Which of the following ares of phonemic awareness does this activity promote? A. phoneme blending B. phoneme categorization C. phoneme segmentation D. phoneme identity

B. phonemic awareness is the ability to notice, think about, and work with individual sounds in words. In phonemic categorization activities, children demonstrate that they can determine which sounds are the same and which are different in words.

Which of the following descriptions best illustrates the primary purpose of the Illinois Early Learning and Development Standards (IELDS)? A. measuring and comparing children's academic and social progress B. guiding educators in typical child development and the associated skills children should learn C. providing enrichment and remedial content to address the needs of diverse learners D. aligning statewide curriculum testing with national standards

B. provides guidance to teachers in early childhood programs to create and sustain developmentally appropriate experiences for young children

A first grade teacher is introducing a new set of sight words to her students (my, see, a, to, like, go, you, she, he). In addition to systematic instruction, which of the following student activities is likely to be most effective in reinforcing the students' automatic recognition of the words? A. creating a sight word dictionary for use during writing activities B. using sight word flashcards in frequently played word games C. generating a semantic map with synonyms of the sight words D. writing the sight words in alphabetical order and sorting them by length

B. students practice sight words through repeated exposure to words during reading or writing activities.

A second grade teacher writes the following sentence from the students' reading assignment on the board in the classroom. Dark clouds rolled in, and Manny strained to see. She then asks her students to answer this question: "Why do you think Manny strained to see?" Which of the following levels of comprehension is the teacher assessing by having them complete this task? A. literal B. inferential C. evaluative D. sequential

B. to understand inferences, students must be able to generate information that is not specifically stated in the text. Students must be able to infer that the dark clouds made it difficult for Manny to see, possibly because a storm is coming.

At the beginning of the school year, a preschool teacher plans the daily routines of the class. The teacher decides that every day when the children arrive at school, they will first hang up their backpacks in their assigned cubbies and then choose a table top activity. After table top activities, the children clean up and join the teacher at the carpet for teacher-led stories and songs. Which of the following rationales describes the primary benefit of establishing daily routines for children? A. promoting children's friendships B. fostering children's early academic skills C. helping children gain a sense of security D. ensuring development of children's independent self-care skills

C. children feel most secure when things are predictable. When young children know what to expect, they become more confident in both themselves and the world around them

A first grade teacher wants to plan instruction for her students based on their individual strengths and needs. Which of the following evaluations would be most effective for this purpose? A. portfolio records B. norm-referenced assessments C. diagnostic assessments D. anecdotal records

C. diagnostic assessments provide teachers with information about students' prior knowledge and misconceptions before beginning a learning activity.

At the beginning of the school year, a kindergarten teacher sets up her classroom to include learning centers. She arranges her room with a reading area, an art center, a block area, and an area for dramatic play. Which of the following classroom management strategies would be most effective to encourage positive social interactions among the children at each learning center? A. allowing different children to play in each center each day B. reducing the number of materials in each center C. limiting the capacity of children in each center D. grouping children at each center with similar personalities and interests

C. easily managed with smaller groups. helps reduce children stress and allow more access to materials

A preschool teacher sends home a letter requesting that parents participate in various oral language enrichment activities with their children. The teacher's requests include the following: Play simple rhyming games with your children Sing familiar songs with your child and add silly and fun words and verses Which of the following statements best explains the research-based rationale for the teacher's request? A. young children's oral language skills must be fully developed before formal literacy instruction can begin B. young children learn new concepts more easily through oral language activities than through reading C. young children's oral language development plays a key role in their development of literacy skills D. young children who lack oral language enrichment are at risk for developing specific learning disabilities

C. exploring these various elements of language orally generates a foundation for use of these elements in literacy

A second grade teacher is beginning a science unit with her students on Earth's systems. Which of the following activities would be most developmentally appropriate for the teacher to conduct with the class for this unit? A. obtaining and combining information to describe climates in different regions of the world B. creating replicas of a volcanic explosion and rock erosion and comparing the two phenomena C. visiting and developing a model to represent the types of land and bodies of water in the local city or town D. representing data in tables that describe weather conditions during each season

C. helps build their understanding of Earth's systems. By starting with geographic features, students can see the location they are learning about and then can recreate them from their own firsthand experiences

A kindergarten teacher uses informational texts to build students' knowledge about weather as part of a science unit on Earth's systems. The teacher reads aloud three short picture books related to weather, and the students are provided opportunities to view each book independently and also participate in a class discussion about each book. The teacher would most like to integrate writing into the science activity. Which student writing activity would be most appropriate for the lesson? A. using additional texts to research weather-related concepts (tools to measure weather) and list key information using a graphic organizer B. generating a paragraph summary of one of the books, including an illustration that supports their summary C. writing a brief report on weather using information from the books D. composting an opinion piece in which students express their preference for one of the books (my favorite book is..) using drawings and writings

D. providing children with early writing opportunities is a meaningful way to facilitate their abilities to convey their thought and opinions and to develop language and literacy learning.

A second grade teacher notes that a student takes longer than average to read various grade level texts. The student sounds choppy when reading aloud and rarely reads in phrases or with proper intonation. These factors will most directly affect the student's: A. oral language development B. vocabulary knowledge C. writing development D. reading comprehension

D. reading comprehension includes the ability to read text, process it, and understand its meaning. One factor that contributes to successful reading comprehension is fluency

During sharing time, first grader Danielle excitedly tells her teacher, "i got new red sneakers yesterday." Another student raises her hand and says, "I have red sneakers, too." Other students are excited to share the color of their shoes as well. One student asks, "Which color has the most shoes?" The teacher suggests that they try and answer that question by creating a chart like the one shown below. The teacher's suggestion will most effectively support the students' mathematical skills by fostering their ability to: A. apply number sense B. identify patterns and relationships C. compare and contrast information D. collect and organize data

D. tally charts are a clear, more formal way to collect and organize data that can be easily applied to organization of data in everyday situations

A first grade teacher would like to increase parent participation in classroom and school events. A number of parents have expressed that they feel school participation can be intimidating for adults. Some parents have also mentioned to the teacher that they feel school should be the teachers' responsibility and home is the families' responsibility. In which of the following ways can the teacher most effectively overcome these barriers with families? A. holding classroom events at various times during the day (morning, afternoon) to allow all families the opportunity to attend B. sharing this information from the parents with other teachers and discussing with them the need to be welcoming to families C. offering presentations and workshops about the benefits of family involvement in children's academic experiences D. extending a personal welcome to each parent and establishing regular communication with them through the most convenient method for their family

D. teachers must recognize and work to reduce the barrier that interfere with positive relationships. by welcoming parents to their classroom individually, teachers are communicating that their presence is desired

A second grade teacher plans a social science unit in which students will identify some cultural and environmental characteristics of the community and compare the characteristics to other places. Which of the following instructional resources will best support the goal of this lesson? A. a book titles "trading goods" B. a website that includes educational geography games for children C. an online library resource with information on civic and political institutions D. a short documentary titles "different neighborhoods"

D. the teacher would like students to be able to compare the traits of their community to those of another community, and a video would help students visualize other neighborhoods

An early childhood educator would like to promote the speech development of a nine month old by motivating her to produce words. Which of the following strategies is most developmentally appropriate to address the teacher's goal? A. requesting that the child answer questions when reading a book together (where does the cow live?) B. giving the child a sticker when she makes babbling sounds C. singing nursery rhymes to the child and asking the child to fill in the rhyming words D. engaging the child in games that require her to make a request using a vocalization (blowing more bubbles from a wand)

D. vocalization is an attempt to speak.

Students in a second grade class are filling in a story map graphic organizer after listening to a folktale read aloud by the teacher. This activity promotes student's comprehension skills primarily by developing their ability to: A. group related ideas and concepts from a story B. apply information from the story to real-world situations C. integrate information in a story with existing knowledge D. recall specific elements within the story

D. when creating a story map, students identify important and specific elements from the text

Which of the following materials are most appropriate to use when conducting a math lesson on counting with preschool children? A. hundreds chart B. playing cards C. dice D. counters

D. young children benefit from math instruction that involves manipulatives

An early childhood teacher for three year olds would like to set up a dramatic play area with realistic toys and clothes for the children to dress up in. This activity best promotes the development of children by: A. encouraging social interactions B. promoting expression in visual arts C. building problem-solving skills D. increasing physical activity

A. these experiences encourage the development of social skills such as sharing, taking turns, and cooperation

An early childhood teacher works with children that range in age from infants to preschoolers. When working with a six week old infant, it is imperative that the teacher: A. balance periods of stimulation with quiet time B. provide the infant with developmentally appropriate toys C. socialize the infant by engaging her with other babies D. ensures the infant rests during predetermined time

A. they need stimulation as well as quiet time to avoid overstimulation

A kindergarten teacher plans a social science lesson designed to support children in beginning to explore the roles and responsibilities of people in authority. Which of the following whole-class instructional strategies would best initially support their development of this concept? A. using a web to brainstorm people in the school community with authority (crossing guard) B. explaining how rules are enforced to create responsibilities and protect freedoms C. listing how rules function in various settings, such as in the school and community D. inviting people from the community with jobs in authority (police officer) to share job responsibilities

A. using a web help children use prior knowledge and visually connect people to the term "authority"

Which of the following literacy-related strategies would best promote the relationship between written language and reading skill development for kindergarten children? A. reading and writing new words to build phonemic awareness B. rewriting sentences from familiar texts to deepen understanding of text structure C. developing ideas for writing topics by participating in genre studies D. rereading familiar texts to promote fluency

A. when children read extensively, they become better writers.

Which of the following words has three morphemes? A. trusted B. undesirable C. blueberry D. dog

B.

A preschool teacher is designing curriculum for the children in her classroom. Which of the following steps is associated with developmentally appropriate practice (DAP) for preschoolers? A. introducing children to preliminary phonological and phonemic awareness activities B. knowing what is individually appropriate for each child's interests and abilities C. including a positive behavior system to promote children's socialization D. helping each child learn foundational counting and number sense concepts

B. DAP framework is designed to promote young children's optimal learning and development. Knowing your students allows you to decide which experiences are best for children's learning and development

A first grade teacher learns that his class for the upcoming school year will include students from various cultural backgrounds with a number of home languages. The teacher wants to create an inclusive and respectful learning environment for the class. Which of the following teacher steps is likely to be most effective in promoting this goal? A. asking the student's families to send in objects from home that reflect their culture to include in classroom activities B. including books, music, and photographs in the classroom environment that originate from student's cultures C. incorporating words from the students' various home languages into daily lessons throughout the year D. planning a variety of activities for the first day of school centered around helping the students get to know each other

B. Teachers can help all children in the class feel important and included by including representations of many cultures and languages with which the children identify in the classroom

Second grade students are participating in a science lesson that involves stretching rubber bands over pegs. Which of the following safety procedures should the teacher ensure students follow related to this lesson? A. tying long hair and loose clothing back B. wearing safety goggles C. using plastic gloves D. washing hands at the conclusion of the activity

B. When a science activity involves working with potential flying objects (rubber bands), students should wear safety goggles to protect their eyes

A teacher uses a graphic organizer with her second grade class during a vocabulary lesson: Definition: to do something successfully Picture: standing on a podium Sentence: with practice, Alyssa was able to achieve her goal of a first place trophy Find a word that is: similar-accomplish, opposite-fail Word: achieve This strategy best promotes vocabulary development by: A. providing students with an organizational tool B. requiring students to generate various uses of a word C. allowing students to associate words with pictures D. ensuring students understand key concepts

B. a graphic organizer such as a word map promotes vocabulary development by encouraging students to think about terms or concepts in multiple ways.

A kindergarten teacher plans an activity to promote a child's understanding of the alphabetic principle. Which of the following activities would be most effective in achieving this goal? A. pointing to individual words while reading a book B. organizing magnetic letters into ABC order C. tracking the direction of print while reading a book D. counting the number of syllables in words using a clapping game

B. alphabetic principle is the awareness that letters and letter patterns embody the sounds of spoken language. This activity engages the child in an activity that helps the child identify the name of a letter and recognize the letter's shape

Which of the following factors is likely to have the most beneficial effect on a second-grade student's academic performance? A. riding or walking to school with parents B. researching and reading about curricular topics on the internet C. completing thirty minutes of homework each night D. eating a nutritious breakfast each morning

D. eating a nutritious breakfast each morning

A parent mentions to her son's early childhood teacher that a family member is in need of affordable childcare and asks the teacher for direction. The teacher should suggest that the family member first: A. reach out to local babysitters for affordable child care services B. pursue childcare at the center in which the teacher works because its fees are based on family income C. seek free referrals and information about childcare from a local or online child care resource agency D. determine the setting (public or private) that would be most beneficial for the child

C. by having information about all child-care options available, families can make sound decisions that work best for them and their child

A second grade teacher is planning a lesson to teach students how to use nonfiction text features to help them locate and use information to answer questions. The teacher considers selecting various nonfiction texts that can specifically promote students' abilities to identify main topics while skimming through the text. To best serve the lesson's purpose, the teacher should choose a nonfiction text that has: A. headings and subheadings B. bold-faced vocabulary terms C. definitions of terms in a glossary D. illustrations with captions

A. headings and subheadings are nonfiction text features, often in bold print or otherwise separated from the main text, that identify the topic of a passage of the text

An early childhood educator observes a ten week old infant gazing at a hanging mobile while lying on her back. Occasionally, the infant swats at the mobile and smiles or coos. Several minutes later, the teacher notices that the infant turns her head to avoid looking at the mobile and starts to cry. The infant's crying escalates and intensifies during the next minute. Which of the following actions would be most appropriate for the teacher to take to meet the infant's needs related to emotional regulation? A. picking up the infant and noting if the crying subsides B. providing the infant with a comfort object C. distracting the infant with a different interactive toy D. giving the infant more time to engage in self-soothing behaviors

A. Emotional regulation is a process that involves initiating, inhibiting, or modulating one's state or behavior. Teacher can build trust by picking her up and removing her from the stimulation.

A recent tornado caused damage in the community in which an early childhood teacher works. The mother of a 15 month old reports that since the tornado, her son has become clingy, wants to be carried most of the time, and has trouble falling asleep at night. The mother asks the early childhood teacher for suggestions for supporting her child in healing from the trauma of the tornado. Which of the following suggestions should the teacher make to address the mother's concerns. A. encouraging the mother to follow a predictable routine with her child and allow him to stay close to her when he expresses the need B. reminding the mother that children are resilient and that her child will cope with the events of the tornado as time passes C. showing the mother ways to rebuild her childs' independence by establishing regular times for him to play independently D. recommending that the mother discuss the events of the tornado with him daily because he has strong language skills

A. Strategies such as keeping to a routine, talking about the events, naming emotions, and providing verbal and physical reassurance to the child when needed are ways to help children feel safe when dealing with trauma

A preschool class is playing outside and a group of children discover some carpenter ants in the dirt. The children are excited about the ants and ask the teacher if they can keep them in the classroom. The teacher decides to build on the children's natural curiosity and begins a discussion about how to make a habitat for the ants to live in. Which of the following questions is most important for the children to consider when observing the ants and deciding how to make a habitat? A. can we find food for the ants? B. how long will the ants live? C. can we play with the ants? D. do the ants lay eggs?

A. When creating a habitat for living things, it is important for children to first learn their basic needs in order for them to survive.

The parents of an English language learner ask for ways they can help build their child's home language skills. Which of the following strategies would best support the parents' involvement with developing their child's home language? A. engaging their child in regular meaningful conversations using their home language B. keeping a bilingual dictionary accessible for their child to use when completing homework assignments C. reminding their child the importance of maintaining their home language while learning English D. supplying their child with workbook activities to complete in their home language

A. by engaging in meaningful conversations, the family helps the child preserve and further develop home language skills

A preschool teacher provides an appropriate environment by ensuring that materials, toys, and areas of the classroom are childproofed and safe for children to explore. Materials and toys available to children are safe and age appropriate. The classroom is structured so that if children ask to engage with a material or resource, the answer is usually "yes" rather than no. The teacher most likely establishes the classroom in such a way in order to: A. build positive and supportive relationships with children B. organize specific areas in which children can play C. ensure that toys and activities are well maintained D. create an engaging and interesting learning atmosphere

A. for example instead of hearing "no, you cant go there" or "you cant use that toy", children mostly hear "yes you can". This directly helps the teacher build a positive rapport with children

A kindergarten teacher is beginning a new science unit with her class. As part of the unit, the teacher uses a ramp, a toy car, and a ping pong ball to demonstrate a concept. First, the teacher places the ping pong ball at the bottom of the ramp. She places the toy car at the top of the ramp and asks the children to observe what happens when she lets the toy car roll down the ramp and hit the ping pong ball. These materials help the teacher demonstrate which of the following science concepts? A. motion and stability B. shape and function of a structure C. physical properties that describe a material D. matter and its interactions

A. force changes the stability or motion of an object. By using a toy car to hit and push the ping pong ball, the teacher demonstrates this concept with materials that are familiar to the children.

As part of her professional development plan, an early childhood educator wants to expand her repertoire of strategies for building secure and attached relationships with infants in the childcare center in which she works. The teacher plans to read publications for this purpose. Which of the following article titles would best support the teacher's goal? A. responding to infants cues B. activities that promote infant development C. working cooperatively with parents D. establishing a structured day

A. infants give cues to communicate. Responding promptly to these cues builds trust with the infant.

An interdisciplinary team meets to discuss a two year old who has a developmental delay. The team includes a child's occupational therapist, early childhood teacher, and her mother. The following discussion takes place: Mother: Im concerned that my daughter will get wet at the water table in class. I know she'll struggle holding objects that hold water or pour water out. Teacher: i understand your concern. We do have a water table, im happy to work with your daughter when she chooses the water table. Would that alleviate your concern? Mother: im still worried that she will get wet. She will get very frustrated. Therapist: I can show her teacher how to help her hold objects at the water table. They can practice until your daughter feels comfortable using them. Do you think that plan could work? Mother: Yes, i do. This conversation demonstrates which of the following techniques for involving families in the planning of young children with exceptionalities? A. viewing parents as partners who know and can advocate for their children best B. providing a multitude of resources for parents to use in supporting their children C. brainstorming ways that parents can be involved in their children's development D. informing parents about best practices for their children in special education

A. parents are their children's first teachers and are experts about their own children.

A first grade teacher plans to use a performance assessment to measure her students' reading comprehension abilities. Which of the following describes the greatest benefit of this type of assessment? A. building on students' daily authentic work and projects to determine progress B. highlighting students' strengths and reducing students' test anxiety C. allowing for quick administration and results to students and teachers D. providing standardized measures to facilitate comparison between students

A. performance assessments require students to demonstrate that they have mastered specific skills by performing a process or producing a product. It documents on activities they engage in on a daily basis

A preschool special education teacher regularly uses progress monitoring assessments to evaluate the language development of a child in her class with a language delay. The primary purpose of this assessment is to: A. track the child's growth and tailor instruction to meet his or her needs B. provide diagnostic data related to the child's language development C. determine language learning benchmarks for the child D. measure the child's potential for language outcomes compared to peers

A. progress monitoring involves ongoing assessment of a child's progress or performance in areas she or he has been identified as having or being at risk for having a delay. Teachers track progress and individualize instruction to meet their needs

A kindergarten teacher plans to meet with the special education teacher who will work with children in her class. The teachers want to build a positive, collaborative relationship for the upcoming school year. Which of the following questions should the kindergarten teacher ask the special education teacher to meet this goal? A. how can we regularly share feedback with each other? B. which children will you be working with the most? C. where is the best place for you to store your materials? D. how should we divide the responsibilities of the classroom?

A. research shows that regularly sharing experiences and feedback builds positive and collaborative relationships between colleagues.

At the beginning of the school year, a kindergarten teacher sets up her classroom to include learning centers. She arranges her room with a reading area, an art center, a block area, and an area for dramatic play. For children to play with others independently at a learning center, they must first have learned how to: A. share materials B. address other children by their first names C. request help from the teacher D. play pretend cooperatively

A. sharing is necessary for successful learning. After learning to share, they are able to interact successfully and play independently with others

A first grade teacher ensures students have an ample opportunities to write during the day. For example, students frequently write lists and stories and engage in cooperative writing tasks with peers. Students are also provided many occasions to share their writing with the class. In addition to promoting students' writing development, the teacher's regular use of these activities is most likely directly builds students': A. reading skills by reinforcing their understanding of the relationship between sounds and letters B. vocabulary development by helping them expand their understanding of printed words C. listening skills by developing their ability to hear peers retell stories of events from their day D. word knowledge by promoting their understanding of sophisticated and interesting words

A. strong relationships between listening, speaking, reading and writing. frequent writing activities help students expand their understanding of sound/letter relationships, which promotes their reading development

A second grade teacher is introducing a unit on human body systems to her class. The lesson that would be most developmentally appropriate for this grade level would include teaching the students to identify: A. behaviors that influence the healthy functioning of the body (cleanliness, exercise) B. physical, mental, social, and cultural factors that affect growth and development (nutrition, family, illness) C. stages in growth and development of the body (stages in life cycle from infancy to old age) D. basic body systems and their functions (circulatory, respiratory, nervous)

A. students in the early elementary grades learn about the effects of health-related actions and learning to identify healthy actions that influence the human body

A second grade teacher gives students the following math problem. Carrie has a trading card collection. She started with 67, then she bought 28 more. How many cards does she have now? The students have learned to use a hundred chart and ones and tens blocks in solving problems. Which of the following strategies would be most effective for the teacher to suggest the students use to solve this problem? A. using an open number line B. reviewing fact families C. looking for a pattern D. guessing and checking

A. the open number line helps students understand addition

During an informal assessment, a kindergarten teacher asks a child to demonstrate what he knows about books. The child points at words on the front cover and says, "this is the name of the book." The child then opens the book and says, "i can read it like this." Holding the book correctly, the child opens the cover and begins telling a story while pointing to words on the pages. On the last page, the child says, "the end." The child's actions suggest that he is beginning to understand: A. concepts about print B. one-to-one correspondence C. morphological awareness D. phonics generalizations

A. these are basic understandings of reading and can be viewed as basic knowledge about how books and print in general are used.

After the first month of school, a preschool teacher plans to informally assess children's language development by recording brief conversations with individual children during play. The teacher records the following conversation with a child who is an English language learner. Teacher: i see you are playing with the red car. do you like playing with cars? Child: (nods head yes) Teacher: do you like playing with trucks too? Child: (makes eye contact. no response) Teacher: here are some trucks if you'd like to play with them. Child: (reaches for a truck to use) Which of the following considerations should the teacher make when continuing to monitor the child's language development? A. the child may need additional screenings to determine if he would benefit from the special education services B. the child's nonverbal stage of English language development is likely developmentally appropriate C. the child is mostly using telegraphic and formulaic language to communicate D. the child may need to understand that a different language is being used in a new setting before attempting to speak

B. typically children who have no English language skills first use their home language to communicate. As they learn that others are using a different language, they enter a nonverbal stage, where they listen and use nonverbal language to communicate

A four year old creates a drawing and shares it with his preschool teacher. The child says, "Look what i wrote. It says, my brother loves his new hat." Which of the following conclusions would be most appropriate for the teacher to make regarding this child's understanding of written language? A. letters represent sounds B. print is written from left to right C. writing can represent spoken language D. words are made of symbols of various lengths and shapes

C.

A second grade teacher is planning a lesson on nonfiction books to gain information about how to use a table of contents. She displays the following example on the board for the students and asks them to identify the page number for finding information about each type of animal described. Which of the following skills is the teacher promoting during this lesson? A. comprehension of second grade level nonfiction books B. research strategies C. the role of text features in a book D. identification of words and numbers

C.

A second grade teacher plans to make play dough with her students. She illustrates the play dough recipe on a large poster board as shown below: The students work in small groups to measure the necessary ingredients and mix them together. They write down what happens to the ingredients at each stage of the activity. This activity best promotes students' A. knowledge about states of matter B. ability to cooperate and communicate effectively C. integration of math and science skills D. understanding of adding fractions

C.

Which of the following statements is most accurate in the development of Individualized Family Service Plans (IFSPs)? A. child develop specialists, educators, and medical professionals are experts on young children and serve as primary developers of IFSPs B. professionals regularly review IFSPs and share with parents their child's academic goals and progress C. family is a child's greatest resource and consequently parents are major contributors in IFSP development D. professionals will indicate on IFSPs the least restrictive environment where they intend to provide services to children

C.

An early childhood teacher works in a classroom with three and four year olds. Every morning she places materials on each table such as puzzles, art supplies, and playdough. The children choose an activity to play with and sit at a table as other children arrive. Which of the following factors would be most important to consider when setting up the materials? A. putting limited materials on each table so the children are encouraged to share B. using materials relevant to academics such as flashcards and letter cubes C. providing materials that consider the interest of all interests of all children in the class D. ensuring the same materials are used every day to ensure a predictable routine

C. When the teacher provides a variety of activities, it is more likely that they will feel included and remain interested in the activities

An early childhood teacher works in a day care center. She sits on the floor to play with the nine month old infant who is interested in a bucket of plastic blocks that can easily be stacked together. Which of the following teacher actions would best engage the infant and encourage communication? A. imitating the sounds the infant makes B. telling the infant about the different colors of the blocks C. talking about the blocks as the infant plays with them D. asking the infant questions with nonverbal cues

C. adding words or questions encourages communication and models language for the infant

A kindergarten teacher observe a group of children playing tag during recess. During the game, some children become upset after being tagged and a few begin to cry. She also observes some of the faster children gloating and teasing others. The teacher plans to discuss the concept of good sportsmanship and positive behavior on the playground with the class. Which of the following activities would be most effective for the children to participate in after the discussion? A. brainstorming ideas of how to act toward each other during recess B. pairing children with similar physical abilities in a noncompetitive activity that requires cooperation C. engaging in a role-playing activity in which they act out and discuss different reactions to winning and losing a game D. dividing themselves into two equal teams to compete against each other

C. by acting out possible reactions to winning and losing, children can experience how different reactions feel for the person who wins and the person who loses

A preschool teacher plans to use instructional strategies that integrate social-emotional learning with curiosity and problem solving. Which of the following activities would best promote this goal? A. reviewing rules for kind behavior with the children and asking them, "How do we treat others in our classroom?" B. modeling the polite use of language and encouraging the children to imitate the behavior C. encouraging empathic thinking with the children with questions such as, "Why do you think he is crying?" D. reading stories about socially challenging situations other children have encountered and how those children solved them

C. by asking children to interpret a situation where another child is upset, the child is using their own curiosity to care and develop empathy for the other child.

A first year preschool teacher shares concerns with a colleague about some behaviors of children in her class. The preschool teacher explains that many of the children act silly, have trouble staying seated, and use loud voices even with strong classroom routines in place. Her colleague agrees to observe the class and records the following information: 1. during circle time, children sat quietly and listened to the teacher read a big book with bright illustrations about a cricket. The story included simple language and rhyming words. Afterward, the teacher read a longer picture book with smaller illustrations and lengthier sentences. Several children became restless and chatty, disrupting those listening to the story. 2. during independent table top activities, children at one table grew frustrated with puzzles that contained many small pieces and were hard to manipulate to fit in the right space. These children started acting silly and loud. However, they remained at the table until it was time to transition to a new activity. 3. all children waited in line to wash their hands prior to snack. The children at the end of the line had trouble being quiet and keeping their body calm while waiting for their turn: Based on the colleague's notes, the preschool teacher should initially focus on: A. contacting the parents of children in the class before administering formal assessments B. establishing consequences for disruptive behavior from children in the class C. documenting children's behavior using multiple sources and methods D. ensuring that classroom activities are developmentally appropriate with realistic expectations of young children

D. activities that are beyond children's developmental level can be frustrating for young children to complete and can result in unwanted behaviors.

A second grade teacher plans to provide a learning experience that combines music and language arts. Which of the following activities would best integrate these two content areas for second grade students? A. identifying and imitating various loud, soft, high, and low musical sounds B. researching various musicians and the genres of music they preform C. distinguishing between the beat and the rhythm of a musical example D. describe the theme, idea, feeling, or story within a song or musical composition

D. by listening to a selection of music and then describing the theme, idea, feeling or story within it, students are learning to interpret and understand the music more fully

According to research, the factor that has been shown to have the greatest influence on an infant's language development is the: A. quantity and ages of an infant's siblings that live in the same household B. age at which the infant first attends day care C. amount of time the infant spends with others outside the home D. number and quality of interactions the infant has with primary caregivers

D. caregivers who interact thoughtfully, frequently and promptly with infants provide a positive model for shared communication. These experiences provide the foundations for the eventual communication with others

A home day care provider takes care of four children ranging in age from two to four years old. She reads the children a book with various illustrations of animals and shows them the pictures in the book as she reads. Which of the following art activities would be most developmentally appropriate for the teacher to engage the children in after reading the book? A. creating a big book together with the children at circle time representing their favorite animals using large chart paper, markers, and crayons B. talking with the children about the shapes of the animals represented in the book C. asking the children to identify the colors of the animals in the book D. providing the children with paper, finger paint, watercolors, and paintbrushes to paint the animals in the book

D. children approach art in an open-ended manner and make their own decisions of what their art will look like

A kindergarten teacher wants to combine physical movement with an introductory music lesson on rhythm. Which of the following teacher activities would be the most developmentally appropriate for this purpose? A. showing the children how to make up finger motions to represent a song's lyrics B. teaching the children to imitate fast and slow rhythm patterns C. asking the children to clap their hands to the beat of a song D. playing a tambourine and encouraging the children to move their bodies to the music

D. children need opportunities to explore music before having musical activities.

A first grade teacher and her class have taken on the responsibility of regularly picking up debris such as snack wrappers and forgotten sweatshirts and jackets from the school's yard and playground. This activity could be used to teach which of the following social science concepts? A. economics B. culture. C. geography D. civics

D. civics is the study of the rights and duties of citizenship.

A preschool teacher regularly has children in the class transition from snack to a table-top activity where children can choose to play with letter puzzles, magnetic letters, and ABC books, or utilize a variety of writing materials. After table-top activities, children transition to the carpet, where the teacher sings songs that include rhymes and alliteration and reads aloud big books. This scenario best reflects the teacher's understanding of: A. predictable stages of literacy development B. the interrelationship between oral language and literacy development C. the evidence based instructional strategies that promote children's literacy development D. the importance of incorporating literacy based routines into the classroom to promote literacy

D. daily routines help promote literacy. Regular, meaningful interactions with literacy based activities promote literacy development

A key benefit of the Preschool for All program in Illinois is that it provides support to young children who: A. are new to the Illinois school system B. have not previously attended a center-based program C. have been identified as intellectually gifted D. are potentially at risk for school failure

D. designed to provide high-quality services for at-risk students who need additional educational experience

A nine month old infant with a physical delay is referred to early intervention services. The primary purpose of early intervention services is to: A. provide parents with information about young children with disabilities B. ensure that infants and toddlers learn the skills that typically develop during the first three years of life C. support parents in celebrating their child's developmental milestones and learn how to promote their child's strengths D. promote access to supportive resources for families of babies and young children who are at risk for or who have disabilities or delays

D. early intervention is to assure that families who have infants and toddlers receive resources that assist them in maximizing their child's development