Control of Cardiovascular Function
Which of the following vessel layers is made primarily of muscle?
Tunica media
A heart failure client has an echocardiogram performed revealing an ejection fraction (EF) of 40%. The nurse knows this EF is below normal and explains to the client:
"This means your heart is not pumping as much blood out of the heart with each beat."
A client asks why he has not had major heart damage since his cardiac catheterization revealed he has 98% blockage of the right coronary artery. The nurse's best response is:
"You have small channels between some of your arteries, so you can get blood from a patent artery to one severely blocked."
The heart controls the direction of blood flow. What is the role of the aortic valve?
Controls the direction of blood flow from the left side of the heart to the systemic circulation
A client's echocardiogram identified a narrowed valve that has resulted in a decreased blood flow between the left atria and left ventricle. The nurse would interpret this as the:
Bicuspid valve
The nurse assesses the electrocardiogram for depolarization of the atria. What does the nurse expect to assess?
P wave above the baseline
A patient's electrocardiogram monitor begins to sound an alarm and shows sustained ventricular fibrillation. The patient is unconscious and without a pulse. Which of the following priority interventions should the nurse take?
Defibrillate the patient
The school nurse is doing a health class on the functional organization of the circulatory system. What is the function of the capillaries in the circulatory system?
Exchange gases, nutrients and wastes
Which of the following is the correct sequence for blood flow through the heart?
Right atrium - tricuspid valve - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - mitral valve - left ventricle - aorta
The health care provider is concerned that a client has developed a decrease in cardiac output. Cardiac output may be calculated as:
Stroke volume × heart rate
The nurse is reviewing the circulatory system. Which statements are correct about the functional organization of the circulatory system? Select all that apply
The arterial system distributes oxygenated blood to the tissues. • The venous system collects deoxygenated blood from the tissues
As part of their orientation to a cardiac care unit, a group of recent nursing graduates is receiving a refresher in cardiac physiology from the unit educator. Which of the following teaching points best captures a component of cardiac function?
The diastolic phase is characterized by relaxation of ventricles and their filling with blood."
The cardiac cycle describes the pumping action of the heart. Which statement is correct about systole?
Ventricles contract and blood is ejected from the heart.
A nurse is reviewing an echocardiogram for a client with a congenital defect in the papillary muscles of the heart. Based on this result, which of the following assessments should the nurse complete?
auscultate for a murmur caused by the backward expulsion of blood through the atrioventricular valves
Which of the following blood flow patterns reduces friction, allowing the blood layers to slide smoothly over one another?
laminar
In which of the following situations would blood be most likely to be rapidly relocated from central circulation to the lower extremities?
A client is helped out of bed and stands up
(see full question) A client is admitted to the cardiac unit with a diagnosis of pericarditis. The nurse is teaching the patient about the anatomical location of the infection. The nurse evaluates the effectiveness of the teaching when the client correctly identifies which of the following as the location of the pericardium?
A membranous sac that encloses the heart
Which of the following is true regarding pulmonary circulation?
It is a low-pressure system that allows for improved gas exchange.
The circulatory system is divided into two parts. What does the pulmonary circulation include? Select all that apply
Right heart • Pulmonary artery • Pulmonary veins
The heart consists of four valves. Which are the semilunar values? Select all that apply.
• Pulmonary • Aortic
