corrections final

what law provides for the principal means of allowing inmate complaints into the federal court system?

Civil Rights Law of 1871

which Supreme Court case resulted in a moratorium on capital punishment in America?

Furman v. Georgia

what is a court master?

a court representative who monitors correctional compliance with court orders

which of the following individuals would not be housed in an asylum for the criminally insane?

a defendant who was found not guilty by reason of insanity

which of the following is NOT one of the three main themes that run through correctional management?

a paramilitary approach to correctional administration

which of the following individuals would be most likely to use mental health services while in prison?

a white female offender

the concept of retaliation develops into a system of criminal law when it becomes customary for the victim of the wrongdoing to

accept something else instead of blood vengeance

intermediate sanctions use increased surveillance and tighter controls than probation. which of the following IS NOT an accurate argument for and against the use of intermediate sanctions?

advocates against intermediate sanctions argue that it inhibits the use of rehabilitation with offenders

a jail inmate may include

all of the above

the French Penal Code adopted the following ideas from Beccaria EXCEPT

an individual should not be able to use counsel in a trial

which of the following statements best describes discretionary release?

an offender is released on parole with supervision prior to the expiration of his sentence

the crime that has the highest percentage of arrests involving juvenile offenses is _____

arson

which of the following restrictions on the use of the mail system would not be an appropriate restriction for a correctional administrator to place on prisoners?

censoring mail sent from an inmate to an attorney

which of the following was not one of the assumptions made by the English Common Law concerning age and criminal responsibility?

children aged 10 and older were not held responsible as long as they could prove they could not distinguish between right and wrong

parole eligibility may be determined in all of the following ways EXCEPT

completion of the maximum sentence

a consent decree gives a correctional institution permission to

continue operating until a problem has been fixed within a specific time frame

which of the following statements best describes the notion of correctional ideology

correctional ideology is a body of ideas and practices that pertain to the processing of offenders as determined by law

probation is most commonly used for which type of crime?

drug offenses

the largest number of federal inmates is incarcerated for ____

drug offenses

which of the following crimes is NOT among those for which the death penalty most commonly has been imposed?

hijacking

the prosecutor's gatekeeper function implies that

if the prosecutor declines to seek the death penalty, the jury may not impose this penalty

the legal defense that claims a defendant is unable to understand the charges or assist legal counsel in preparing a defense is ______

incompetent to stand trial

at the state level, there are several advantages to have a centralized and autonomous department of corrections. which of the following is not one of these advantages?

increased control of local jurisdictional correctional problems

which of the following was not one of the ways the Prison Litigation Reform Act attempted to reduce the number of petitions filed by inmates claiming civil rights violations

inmates must observe a one-year statute of limitations from the time their conviction becomes final after all direct appeals have been exhausted

realistically, offenders are assigned to programs based on ____

institutional needs

in addition to the financial rewards, correctional officers may engage in corrupt acts such as drug smuggling because

it is a way to protect themselves from powerful institutional threat groups

suspending both the imposition and execution of a sentence may be more desirable than supervised probation because

it reduces the level of stigma attached to the offender

all federal inmates are required to participate in a mandatory ____ program if necessary

literacy

private sector involvement in corrections is most controversial in the area of

managing high-security jails

____ facilities are intended to maximize interaction between inmates and staff

new-generation

which of the following programs does not work with youthful offenders?

non-directive interventions

which of the following statements DOES NOT reflect a way that corrections historically answers the question, "Who are the offenders and what are we expected to do with them?"

offenders are no different than the rest of society

which of the following best describes the defense of "not guilty" by reason of insanity?

offenders do not deny committing the crime but claim they lacked the capacity to understand the nature of the crime or that it was wrong

the main difference between the Pennsylvania and Auburn systems was that in the Auburn system, inmates

performed congregate work in shops

privatization of correctional institutions offers all of the following services in corrections EXCEPT

provides better administration, management, and employees than state run institutions

a judge uses all of the following tools to make his or her sentencing decision EXCEPT

research on prediction

which of the following list of sentencing options is correctly ranked by level of punishment from low to high, as identified by James Byrne?

restitution, community service, probation, house arrest, residential community corrections, split sentencing

a ____ is a criminal organization that originated within the penal system and operates within correctional facilities throughout the U.S.

security threat group

which of the following statements regarding the state of corrections in the U.S. at the start of the 21st century is TRUE?

states are embracing the federal truth-in sentencing standard

critics argue that the right to a presumption of innocence until trial and conviction in a court of law is difficult to maintain once

the alleged offender has been detained in jail

bureaucratic control has all of the following characteristics EXCEPT

the individual is housed, moved, transferred, and released based on his or her personal situation

which of the following is NOT a common collateral consequence of a conviction?

the loss of the right to have a child

custody and security are being kept in check (to avoid compartmentalization) in all of the following ways EXCEPT

the use of an attorney

what is the main advantage of private service providers?

they can expand and contract quickly when needs change

which of the following statements about convicted offenders is TRUE?

to be considered a convicted offender, an individual must have gone through the appeals process and the sentence must have been upheld

which of the following statements most accurately reflects the purpose of parole?

to improve public safety by reducing the incidence and impact of crime committed by parolees

what is the primary mission of corrections?

to protect society

research into the effects of transferring juveniles to adult court has shown all but which of the following?

transferred juveniles are more likely to be incapacitated than those who remain in the juvenile justice system

the principal forerunner of parole is _____

transportation

what is comorbidity?

two or more simultaneous medical needs for one inmate