corrections final
what law provides for the principal means of allowing inmate complaints into the federal court system?
Civil Rights Law of 1871
which Supreme Court case resulted in a moratorium on capital punishment in America?
Furman v. Georgia
what is a court master?
a court representative who monitors correctional compliance with court orders
which of the following individuals would not be housed in an asylum for the criminally insane?
a defendant who was found not guilty by reason of insanity
which of the following is NOT one of the three main themes that run through correctional management?
a paramilitary approach to correctional administration
which of the following individuals would be most likely to use mental health services while in prison?
a white female offender
the concept of retaliation develops into a system of criminal law when it becomes customary for the victim of the wrongdoing to
accept something else instead of blood vengeance
intermediate sanctions use increased surveillance and tighter controls than probation. which of the following IS NOT an accurate argument for and against the use of intermediate sanctions?
advocates against intermediate sanctions argue that it inhibits the use of rehabilitation with offenders
a jail inmate may include
all of the above
the French Penal Code adopted the following ideas from Beccaria EXCEPT
an individual should not be able to use counsel in a trial
which of the following statements best describes discretionary release?
an offender is released on parole with supervision prior to the expiration of his sentence
the crime that has the highest percentage of arrests involving juvenile offenses is _____
arson
which of the following restrictions on the use of the mail system would not be an appropriate restriction for a correctional administrator to place on prisoners?
censoring mail sent from an inmate to an attorney
which of the following was not one of the assumptions made by the English Common Law concerning age and criminal responsibility?
children aged 10 and older were not held responsible as long as they could prove they could not distinguish between right and wrong
parole eligibility may be determined in all of the following ways EXCEPT
completion of the maximum sentence
a consent decree gives a correctional institution permission to
continue operating until a problem has been fixed within a specific time frame
which of the following statements best describes the notion of correctional ideology
correctional ideology is a body of ideas and practices that pertain to the processing of offenders as determined by law
probation is most commonly used for which type of crime?
drug offenses
the largest number of federal inmates is incarcerated for ____
drug offenses
which of the following crimes is NOT among those for which the death penalty most commonly has been imposed?
hijacking
the prosecutor's gatekeeper function implies that
if the prosecutor declines to seek the death penalty, the jury may not impose this penalty
the legal defense that claims a defendant is unable to understand the charges or assist legal counsel in preparing a defense is ______
incompetent to stand trial
at the state level, there are several advantages to have a centralized and autonomous department of corrections. which of the following is not one of these advantages?
increased control of local jurisdictional correctional problems
which of the following was not one of the ways the Prison Litigation Reform Act attempted to reduce the number of petitions filed by inmates claiming civil rights violations
inmates must observe a one-year statute of limitations from the time their conviction becomes final after all direct appeals have been exhausted
realistically, offenders are assigned to programs based on ____
institutional needs
in addition to the financial rewards, correctional officers may engage in corrupt acts such as drug smuggling because
it is a way to protect themselves from powerful institutional threat groups
suspending both the imposition and execution of a sentence may be more desirable than supervised probation because
it reduces the level of stigma attached to the offender
all federal inmates are required to participate in a mandatory ____ program if necessary
literacy
private sector involvement in corrections is most controversial in the area of
managing high-security jails
____ facilities are intended to maximize interaction between inmates and staff
new-generation
which of the following programs does not work with youthful offenders?
non-directive interventions
which of the following statements DOES NOT reflect a way that corrections historically answers the question, "Who are the offenders and what are we expected to do with them?"
offenders are no different than the rest of society
which of the following best describes the defense of "not guilty" by reason of insanity?
offenders do not deny committing the crime but claim they lacked the capacity to understand the nature of the crime or that it was wrong
the main difference between the Pennsylvania and Auburn systems was that in the Auburn system, inmates
performed congregate work in shops
privatization of correctional institutions offers all of the following services in corrections EXCEPT
provides better administration, management, and employees than state run institutions
a judge uses all of the following tools to make his or her sentencing decision EXCEPT
research on prediction
which of the following list of sentencing options is correctly ranked by level of punishment from low to high, as identified by James Byrne?
restitution, community service, probation, house arrest, residential community corrections, split sentencing
a ____ is a criminal organization that originated within the penal system and operates within correctional facilities throughout the U.S.
security threat group
which of the following statements regarding the state of corrections in the U.S. at the start of the 21st century is TRUE?
states are embracing the federal truth-in sentencing standard
critics argue that the right to a presumption of innocence until trial and conviction in a court of law is difficult to maintain once
the alleged offender has been detained in jail
bureaucratic control has all of the following characteristics EXCEPT
the individual is housed, moved, transferred, and released based on his or her personal situation
which of the following is NOT a common collateral consequence of a conviction?
the loss of the right to have a child
custody and security are being kept in check (to avoid compartmentalization) in all of the following ways EXCEPT
the use of an attorney
what is the main advantage of private service providers?
they can expand and contract quickly when needs change
which of the following statements about convicted offenders is TRUE?
to be considered a convicted offender, an individual must have gone through the appeals process and the sentence must have been upheld
which of the following statements most accurately reflects the purpose of parole?
to improve public safety by reducing the incidence and impact of crime committed by parolees
what is the primary mission of corrections?
to protect society
research into the effects of transferring juveniles to adult court has shown all but which of the following?
transferred juveniles are more likely to be incapacitated than those who remain in the juvenile justice system
the principal forerunner of parole is _____
transportation
what is comorbidity?
two or more simultaneous medical needs for one inmate
