COSC 1307 Lecture Test 1 (Appendix A, Ch. 1, Ch. 2)
business strategy
A leadership plan that achieves a specific set of goals or objectives
personal digital assistant (PDA)
A small, handheld computer used for personal information management. The predecessor to the smartphone.
magnetic tape
An older secondary storage medium that uses a strip of thin plastic coated with a magnetically sensitive recording medium
central processing unit (CPU)
The actual hardware that interprets and executes the program (software) instructions and coordinates how all the other hardware devices work together
primary storage
The computer's main memory, which consists of the random access memory (RAM), cache memory, and the read-only memory (ROM) that is directly accessible to the CPU
super computer
The fastest, most powerful computer and the most expensive.
gigahertz (GHz)
The number of billions of CPU cycles per second
megahertz (MHz)
The number of millions of CPU cycles per second
management information systems (MIS)
a business function, like accounting and human resources, which moves information about people, products, and processes across the company to facilitate decision making and problem solving
big data
a collection of large, complex data sets, including structured and unstructured data, which cannot be analyzed using traditional database methods and tools
system
a collection of parts that link to achieve a common purpose
variable
a data characteristic that stands for a value that changes or varies over time
report
a document containing data organized in a table, matrix, or graphical format allowing users to easily comprehend and understand information
magnetic medium
a secondary storage medium that uses magnetic techniques to store and retrieve data on disks or tapes coated with magnetically sensitive materials.
hard drive
a secondary storage medium that uses several rigid disks coated with a magnetically sensitive material and housed together with the recording heads in a hermetically sealed mechanism
cache memory
a small unit of ultra-fast memory that is used to store recently accessed or frequently accessed data so that the CPU does not have to retrieve this data from slower memory circuits such as RAM
flash memory
a special type of rewritable read-only memory (ROM) that is compact and portable
complex instruction set computer (CISC) chips
a type of CPU that can recognize as many as 100 or more instructions, enough to carry out most computations directly
snapshot
a view of data at a particular moment in time
systems thinking
a way of monitoring the entire system by viewing multiple inputs being processed or transformed to produce outputs while continuously gathering feedback on each part
internet of things (IoT)
a world where interconnected Internet-enabled devices or "things" have the ability to collect and share data without human intervention
gigabyte (GB or Gig)
about 1 billion bytes
computer
an electronic device operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory that can accept, manipulate, and store data
automated input devices:
bar code scanner, digital camera, magnetic ink character reader, optical character reader, optical mark recognition, point-of-scale, radio frequency identification
how is storage capacity measured?
bytes, megabytes being the most common unit
point-of-scale (POS)
captures information at the point of a transaction, typically in retail
pointing stick
causes the pointer to move on the screen by applying directional pressure
dynamic report
changes automatically during creation
secondary storage
consists of equipment designed to store large volumes of data for long-term storage (ex: hard drive, memory card, CD)
memory cards
contain high-capacity storage that holds data such as captured images, music, or text files
system software
controls how the various technology tools work together along with the application software (both operating and utility)
operating system software
controls the application software and manages how the hardware devices work together
optical-character recognition
converts text into digital format for computer input
machine-generated data
created by a machine without human intervention
information
data converted into a meaningful and useful context
human-generated data
data that humans, in interaction with computers, generate
finance
deals with strategic financial issues including money, banking, credit, investments, and assets
mainframe computer
designed to meet the computing needs of hundreds of people in a large business environment
optical-mark recognition (OMR)
detects the presence or absence of a mark in a predetermined place (popular for multiple choice exams)
chief automation officer
determines if a person or business process can be replaced by a robot or software
network user license
enables anyone on the network to install and use the software
output devices
equipment used to see, hear, or otherwise accept the results of information processing requests (ex: monitor, printer)
communication device
equipment used to send information and receive it from one location to another
communication devices
equipment used to send information and receive it from one location to another (ex: modem)
predictive analytics
extracts information from data and uses it to predict future trends and identify behavioral patterns
structured data
has a defined length, type, and format and includes numbers, dates, or strings such as Customer Address. accounts for 20% of the data that surrounds us
knowledge
includes the skills, experience, and expertise, coupled with information and intelligence, that creates a person's intellectual resources
knowledge workers
individuals valued for their ability to interpret and analyze information
business intelligence (BI)
information collected from multiple sources such as suppliers, customers, competitors, partners, and industries that analyzes patterns, trends, and relationships for strategic decision making
feedback
information that returns to its original transmitter (input, transform, or output) and modifies the transmitter's actions
static report
is created once based on data that does not change
unstructured data
is not defined and does not follow a specified format and is typically free-form text such as emails, Twitter tweets, and text messages
Manual input devices:
joystick, keyboard, microphone, mouse, pointing stick, touch screen, touch pad
reduced instruction set computer (RISC) chips
limit the number of instructions the CPU can execute to increase processing speed
human resources
maintains policies, plans, and procedures for the effective management of employees
chief intellectual property officer
manage and defend intellectual property, copyrights, and patents
operations management
manages the process of converting or transforming resources into goods or services
word length
number of bits (0s and 1s) that can be processed by the CPU at any one time. Computers work in terms of bits and bytes using electrical pulses that have two states: on and off
arithmetic-logic unit (ALU)
performs all arithmetic operations (for example, addition and subtraction) and all logic operations (such as sorting and comparing numbers)
sales
performs the function of selling goods or services
memory sticks
provide nonvolatile memory for a range of portable devices including computers, digital cameras, MP3 players, and PDAs
utility software
provides additional functionality to the operating system
data
raw facts that describe the characteristics of an event or object
magnetic ink character reader
reads magnetic ink numbers printed on checks that identify the bank, checking account, and check number
volatility
refers to RAM's complete loss of stored information if power is interrupted. RAM is volatile and its contents are lost when the computer's electric supply fails
machine-to-machine (M2M)
refers to devices that connect directly to other devices
chief information officer (CIO)
responsible for (1) overseeing all uses of information technology and (2) ensuring the strategic alignment of MIS with business goals and objectives
chief data officer (CDO)
responsible for determining the types of information the enterprise will capture, retain, analyze, and share
chief security officer (CSO)
responsible for ensuring the security of MIS systems and developing strategies and MIS safeguards against attacks from hackers and viruses
chief technology officer (CTO)
responsible for ensuring the speed, accuracy, availability, and reliability of the MIS
single user license
restricts the use of the software to one user at a time
terabyte (TB)
roughly 1 trillion bytes
workstation
similar to a desktop but has more powerful mathematical and graphics processing capabilities and can perform more complicated tasks in less time
application service provider license
specialty software paid for on a license basis or per-use basis or usage-based licensing
marketing
supports sales by planning, pricing, and promoting goods or services
random access memory (RAM)
the computer's primary working memory, in which program instructions and data are stored so that they can be accessed directly by the CPU via the processor's high-speed external data bus
fact
the confirmation or validation of an event or object
MIS skills gap
the difference between existing MIS workplace knowledge and the knowledge required to fulfill the business goals and strategies
chip line width
the distance between transistors on a chip. The shorter the chip line width the faster the chip since more transistors can be placed on a chip and the data and instructions travel short distances during processing
hardware
the physical devices associated with a computer system
read-only memory (ROM)
the portion of a computer's primary storage that does not lose its contents when one switches off the power
production
the process where a business takes raw materials and processes them or converts them into a finished product for its goods or services
productivity
the rate at which goods are produced or services performed
analytics
the science of fact-based decision making
software
the set of instructions the hardware executes to carry out specific tasks
bus width
the size of the internal electrical pathway along which signals are sent from one part of the computer to another. A wider bus can move more data, hence faster processing.
clock speed
the speed of the internal clock of a CPU that sets the pace at which operations proceed within the computer's internal processing circuitry
application software
used for specific information processing needs, including payroll, customer relationship management, project management, training, and many others
behavioral analytics
uses data about people's behaviors to understand intent and predict future actions
information age
when infinite quantities of facts are widely available to anyone who can use a computer
joystick
widely used as an alternative to the keyboard for computer games and some professional applications, such as computer-aided design
chief user experience officer
will create the optimal relationship between user and technology
minicomputer (mid-range computer)
Designed to meet the computing needs of several people simultaneously in a small to medium-size business environment
site license
Enables any qualified users within the organization to install the software, regardless of whether the computer is on a network. Some employees might install the software on a home computer for working remotely.
input devices
Equipment used to capture information and commands (ex: mouse, keyboard, scanner)
bar code scanner
Captures information that exists in the form of vertical bars whose width and distance apart determine a number
accounting
Records, measures, and reports monetary transactions
chief knowledge officer (CKO)
Responsible for collecting, maintaining, and distributing the organization's knowledge
chief privacy officer (CPO)
Responsible for ensuring the ethical and legal use of information
megabyte (MB or M or Meg)
Roughly 1 million bytes
