COSC 254

What size board is Type X board is produced by some manufactures. It is used to create 2-hour partitions with a single layer of gypsum board on each face and 4-hour partitions that include two layers on each face?

3/4 inch

Weather-Resistant, used for exterior soffits, carport ceiling, undersides of exterior applications.

Exterior gypsum soffit board

Correspond to the degrees of flatness and levelness required, and are produced using special finishing equipment and techniques.

F-numbers

Make very durable partitions, especially in areas with heavy wear, moisture problems, or strict sanitation requirements. Nonfading and virtually indestructible.

Glazed structural clay tiles

A prefabricate plaster sheet material that is manufactured in width of 4 feet and lengths of 8 to 14 feet.

Gypsum board

Formed by casting full-depth preformed joint materials, typically 3/8 to 3/4 inch width, into the slab, complete separating the slab from adjacent elements.

Isolation joints/expansion joints

Similar to dry-set mortar, but with additives that improve the cured mortar's freeze-thaw resistance, flexibility, and adhesion.

Latex/polymer modified portland cement mortar

Gypsum board is the __ of all interior finishing materials for walls and ceilings.

Least expensive

What level of finish consists of the minimum, just the boards, without taping, finishing, or accessories. It is usually used only for temporary construction or where finishing is postponed until a later date?

Level 0

Various proprietary synthetic polymer adhesives used for light-duty applications.

Organic adhesives

Control joints should be arranges in __ directions such that they create panels roughly in square proportion.

Perpendicular

Covered with pain, printed paper, or decorative plastic film during is manufacture. If handled carefully and installed with small nails, it requires no further finishing. Used in a number of demountable office partitioning systems.

Redecorated gypsum board.

Edge profile useful in pred-ecorated panels

Round and beveled

Used to make linear ornaments such as classic cornice moldings.

Running plaster ornament

Formed with "dimples" that hold the lath away form the surface of the wall a fraction of an inch to allow the stucco to key to the lath, is attached with nails or screws.

Self-furring metal lath

Cure rapidly by chemical reaction are used to minimize the waiting time between application. Used in some high production commercial work.

Setting compounds

Can completely nullify drying shrinkage, allowing the casting of large slabs on grade that are entirely free of contraction joints.

Shrinkage Compensating cements

Why are metal trim accessories required at exposed edges and external corners?

To protect the brittle board and present a neat edge

Edge profile that serve to join core board panels in concealed locations.

Tongue-and-groove

Propriety, fire-resistant alternative to Type X board. Often, a thinner board of Type __ may be submitted for a thick one of Type X.

Type C gypsum board

Required for most fire-rated assemblies. Core is reinforced with short glass fibers. When exposed to fire, the fibers hold the gypsum in place to continue to act as a barrier to fire rather than permitting it to erode or fall out.

Type X gypsum board

The least least expensive of the gypsum plaster systems and is competitive in price with gypsum board finishes in many regions.

Veneer plaster

Used in locations exposed to moderate amounts of moisture, with facings of water-repellant paper or glass matt and moisture-resistant core formulation is used.

Water-resistant gypsum backing board

a nonslip surface, a stiff-bristled janitor's pushbroom may be drawn across the surface of the slab after troweling to produce a striated textureish

broom finish

Invisible moisture barrier membrane over the slab surface.

curing compound

What are the most common compounds used to bond tile to the backer board?

dry-set mortar, latex/polymer modified portland cement mortar, and organic adhesive

Does gypsum plaster expand or shrink during hardening? What about Stucco?

gypsum plaster expands while stuck shrinks

Control joint spacing recommendations vary with the __ of the slab and the __ rate of concrete.

thickness, shrinkage

Whats the most common edge profile of gypsum board?

Tapered edge

What size board is made as scoreboard, for use in shaft wall construction?

1 inch

3 stresses that cause cracking originate from what?

1. Shrinkage as the concrete cures 2. Thermal expansion and contraction 3. Differential movement between the slab and abutting building elements.

Long term losses of prestressing concrete:

1. concrete shrinkage 2. concrete creep 3. steel relaxation

Short term losses of prestressing concrete:

1. elastic shortening 2. friction between the tendons and the concrete 3. initial movements

What size board is the most commonly used thickness. It may be applied to studs and joists spaced up to 24 inches?

1/2 inch

Control joints extend at least __ the depth of the slab.

1/4

What size board is used as gypsum backing board in certain sound control applications. Boards of this thickness may also be used for tight-radius bend?

1/4 inch

For normal concrete slabs 4 to 8 inches thick, what should recommended range of joint spacing?

11 feet 6 inches to 17 feet 6 inches with thinner slabs requiring closer joint spacing than thicker ones

What size board is largely used in double-layer wall finishes. Though less durable than panels, it may also sometimes be applied as a single-layer finish over ceiling joist or wall studs spaced no more than 16 inches apart?

3/8 inch

When stucco is applied in two cats directly to the surface of concrete or concrete masonry, what is the total thickness in inches?

3/8 to 1/2 inch

Standard does form joists what size:

36 in, 48 in, and 60 inch centers.

Typical depth of one-way slabs:

4 to 10 inches, depending on the spans and loading intensity.

Gypsum board partition assemblies have been designed and taste with fire resistance rating of up to __ hours and sound transmission performance of up to at least STC __.

4, 69

Typical depths for a two-way flat plate system are:

5 to 12 inches

What size board is made for manufacturing housing, where weight reduction to facilitate shipping is an important consideration?

5/16 inch

What size board is also limited to stud spacing of not more than 24 inches. It is used where addition fire resistance, stiffness, durability, or sound deadening is required?

5/8 inch

Then stuccos is applied in three coats over metal lath, what is the total thickness in inches?

7/8 inch

What does a reinforced concrete wall at ground level usually res on?

A poured concrete strip footing

How long must tuck be kept moist for before it is allowed to dry in order to attain maximum hardness and strength through full hydration of its portland cement binder?

A week

Standard for most gypsum board product types.

ASTM C1396

What is the standard for veneer plaster?

ASTM C587

What is the standard for gypsum board finish levels? Who developed them?

ASTM C840 by Gypsum Association

Provides greater resistance to indentation and penetration and is installed where it is likely to so be subject to rough usage. It may be manufactured with heavier facing paper and bacon sheets, have its core reinforced with cellulose fiver, by faced with glass fiber mesh, or be backed with polycarbonate oil.

Abuse resistant or impact resistant gypsum board

In cold climates, what is advisable to prevent freeze-thaw damage of exterior wall surfaces.

Air-entrainment

Can be used as reinforcement for cast plaster ornament. These greatly increase its strength and toughness and allow it to be produced in thinner sections and larger pieces than unreinforced plaster.

Alkali-resistant glass

Concrete that is intended as exposed interior or exterior surfaces, and is specified with highly prescribed finish characteristics.

Architectural concrete

How long is the footing left to cure before the walls are erect?

At least 1 day

How are control joints made?

By either running a special trowel along a straightedge while the concrete is still plastic or by sawing partially through the concrete shortly after it begins to harden using a diamond or abrasive saw blade in a power circular saw.

How can nail popping be minimized?

By using fully dried framing lumber, ring shank nails that have extra gripping power in the wood, and the shortest nail that will do the job.

Layer of 1 1/2-inch-diamete crushed stone at least 4 inches deep that is compacted over the subsoil. Acts as a drainage layer to keep moisture away form the underside of the slab.

Capillary break

Made by pouring soupy plaster into molds. Hardens in a few minutes, allowing the mold to be stripped and reused.

Cast plaster

Sag-resistant, 1/2 inch thick, substantially lighter than, but just as resistant to sagging as 5/8 inch panels.

Ceiling gypsum board

Often added to wall for reason of appearance, durability, sanitation, or moisture resistance.

Ceramic tile facings

Designed to carry the higher bending forces encountered in the zones of the slab that cross the columns.

Column strip

Reinforcing for a two-way slab is laid in both direction in half-baywide of what two fundamental types?

Column strips and middle strips

Stucco walls are therefore provided with __ at regular intervals to channel the shrinkage into predetermined lines rather than allowing it to occur randomly.

Control joints

Intentionally weekend sections created through the concrete slab where the tensile forces caused by the concrete dying shrinkage are relieved.

Control joints/contraction joints

A 1-inch thick panel that is used for shaft walls and solid gypsum board partitions. to facilitate handling, it is fabricated in sheets 24 inches wide.

Coreboard

Occurs when the top of the slab loses moisture more rapidly than the bottom,.

Curling (wrapping)

Under what conditions should the slab be cured and for how long?

Damp conditions for at least a week

Use concealed mechanical fasteners that can be disassembled and reassembled easily without damage to the panels.

Demountable partition systems

A transverse beam at the midspan of a one-way concrete joist structure, used to allow the joists to share concentrated loads.

Distribution rib

A short cylindrical rod of wood or steel; a steal reinforcing bar that projects from a foundation to tie it to a column or wall, or from one section of a concrete to another.

Dowel

A post-tensioning strand placed along a curving profile that approximates the path of the tensile forces in a beam.

Draped tendon

A thickening of a two-way concrete structure tat the head of a column.

Drop panel

A mix of cement, fine sand, and water retention compounds that allow the thin mortar layer to cure properly.

Dry-set mortar

A mixture of marble dust, binder, and admixtures, furnished either as a dry power to be mixed with water or as a premixed paste.

Drying-type joint

Scrubbing and hosing of concrete surfaces shortly after the initial set of the concrete, to remove the cement paste from the surface and reveal the aggregate. Often aided by chemicals that retard the set of the cement paste.

Exposed aggregate finishes

Other than reinforcement bar, what can be added to the concrete mix to enhance the slabs resistance to tensile forces?

Fibrous reinforcing

__ construction is often the most economical, because its formwork is so straightforward.

Flat plate

Step performed immediately after striking off the concrete, usually performed by hand, using flat-surfaced tools, typically 4 to 10 feet in length called bull floats or darbies. These are drawn across the concrete to flatten the surface.

Floating

Large sections of slab formwork that are moved by crane. Fabricated in large sections that are supported on deep metal trusses.

Flying formwork

Can be used to eliminate the need for a separate vapor retarder in exterior wall assemblies. If the back of the board faces a dead airspace at least 3/4 inch thick, it can also act as a thermal radiant barrier.

Foil-backed gypsum board

A steel or plastic rod with fasteners on either end, used to hold together the two surfaces of formwork for a concrete wall.

Form rod

Large units made up of a number of panels that are supported by the same set of walers. Handled by cranes and are often more economical than conventional small panels that are maneuvered by hand.

Ganged forms

What helps protect the slab against cracking caused by concrete shrinkage during curing, temperature stresses, concentrated loads, frost heaving, or settlement of the ground beneath.

Grid of wire or bars (WWF or Rebar)

Which type of plaster has more sculptural potential that any other material due to its fine grain and even texture?

Gypsum plaster

What are some other names for gypsum board?

Gypsum wallboard, plasterboard, and drywall.

Serves the same function as a drop panel in the two-way flat slab system. Created around the tops of the column by leaving the domes out of the formwork in these areas.

Head

A system of lightweight components, most commonly made of rigid polystyrene insulating foam, used as permanent formwork for the casting of concrete walls.

Insulating concrete form (ICF)

A broad, shallow concrete beam that supports one-way concrete joists whose depths are identical to its own.

Joist band

Is joist band construction or joist construction more economical?

Joist band

A slot formed into a concrete surface for the purpose of interlocking with a subsequent for of concrete; a slot at the edge of a precast member into which grout will be poured to lock it to an adjacent member; a mechanical interlocking of plaster with lath.

Key

What level of finish requires only that joins be covered with tape set in joint compound. Its primary use is in areas of the building that are not open to view, such as above ceilings, in attics, and in service corridors. Also the minimum finish level for fire-resistance-rated gypsum board assemblies, in which application may also be referred to as fire taping?

Level 1

Level of finish that adds to level 1 finish a coat of joint compound over the accessories and fasteners. After joint tape is set in compound, these joints are also immediately wiped with a join knife a second time to add a thin coat of compound over the tape. Appropriate in garages, warehouses, and storage areas, and for boards used as a backer for ceramic tile.

Level 2

Finish level that adds a full second coat of compound over tape, accessories, and fasteners after the first coat has dried. It is intended for surfaces that will be texted or cover with heavy wall coverings.

Level 3

Finish level that is designed for surfaces to be finished with flat paints light textures, or thin wall covering. It adds a third distinct coat of joint compound over takes seams, fasteners, and accessories.

Level 4

Finish level that adds a very thin skim coat of join compound over the entire surface of the board. The skim coat has no measurable thickness, because its purpose is only to fill pores and low spots in the wall to produce a very smooth surface. it is recommended for surfaces that will receive gloss or semigloss pains and for surfaces that will be lit in such a was as to cast shadow that can highlight even sigh imperfections.

Level 5

A method of building multistory site cast concrete building by casting all the slabs in a stack on the ground, then lifting them up the columns with jacks and welding them in place. Used chiefly with two-way flat plate structures, virtually eliminates formwork.

Lift-slab construction

A method of building multistory site cast concrete buildings by casting all the slabs in a stack on the ground, then lifting them up the column with jacks and welding them in place.

Lift-slab construction

If no sheathing is used, the wall is laced tightly with strands of __ a few inches apart and paperbacked metal lath is attached, after which stucco is applied to encase the building in a thing layer of what amounts to reinforced concrete.

Line wire

What do shrinkage reducing chemical admixtures and some supplementary cementitious materials, such as fly ash due to concrete?

Manipulates concrete to reduce shrinkage

The half-span-wide zone of a two-way concrete slab that lies midway between columns. Have a higher reinforcing pattern.

Middle strip

For interior floor slabs on grade, what is laid over the cursed stone to further protect the slab from moisture in the ground?

Moisture Barrier (vapor retarder)

Combines moisture-resistant cores with chemically treated cores with chemical teated paper or glass-matt facings that are not conducive to mold growth. Alternatively, panels may be manufactured with strengthen cores that eliminate the need for facing materials of any kind.

Mold-resistant gypsum board

A flaring conical head on a concrete column.

Mushroom capital

Do screws or nails have higher tendency to pop?

Nails

Are two-way solid slabs common?

No

Are stirrups usually used in one-way concrete joist systems? Why?

No, because of the restricted space in the narrow joist

Is shrinkage-temperature steel needed in two way systems?

No, because the concrete is already reinforced in both directions to resist bending.

Where vertical bars overlap, the tops of the bars from the column below are offset by __ to avoid interference.

One bar diameter

A reinforced concrete framing system in which closely spaced concrete joists span between parallel beams or bearing walls.

One-way concrete joist system

Can a one-way concrete joist system or one-way solid slab efficiently and economically span considerably longer distances?

One-way concrete joist system

A reinforced concrete floor or roof slab that spans between parallel beams or bearing walls. Spans across lines of support finished by walls or beams.

One-way solid slab

A form sed to produce the cavity between joists in a one-way concrete joist system.

Pan

A slab on grade may also be __, using level tendons in bot direction at the midnight of the slab in place of convention reinforcing.

Post-tensioning

Eliminates the need for control joints, makes floors more resistant to concentrated loads, and often permits the use of a thinner slab. Especially effective for slabs over notable or inconsistent soils and for super flat floors.

Post-tensioning

Places the entire slab under sufficient compression to have it remain free from tensile stress under any anticipated loading condition.

Post-tensioning

What is usually the thermal insulating value of the finished wall in ICF construction?

R-17 to R-22

Inserting temporary supports under concrete beams and slabs after the formwork has been removed to prevent overloading before the concrete.

Re-shoring

Joints between pours can be concealed gracefully with recesses called __ in the face of the concrete.

Rustication strips

Temporary vertical or sloping supports of steel or timber. (Adjustable-length columns)

Shores

Sprayed into place from the nozzle of a hose by a stray of compress air. Because of its very low slump, even wall with vertical sides can be placed with little in the way of conventional formwork, though some kind of solid surface to spray against is required. used for foundation walls, stabilization of steep slopes, repairing damaged concrete on the faces of beams and columns, seismic retrofits, and the production of free-form structures such as swimming pools and playground structures.

Shotcrete

A very broad, shallow beam used with a one-way solid slab.

Slab band

A level surface of concrete that lies directly on the ground. Used for roads, sidewalks, patios, runways, and basements or ground floors of buildings. Usually experiences little structural steps except a direct transmission of compression between in superimposed loads and the ground beneath.

Slab on grade

A ring of formwork is pulled steadily upward by jacks supported on the vertical reinforcing bars or previously case sections of the concrete, while workers add concrete and horizontal reinforcing in a continuous process. Used for tall-walled structures such as elevator shafts, stairwells, and storage silos.

Slip forming

Reduce the passage of sound through the partition itself.

Sound attenuation blankets

Removing formwork from concrete.

Stripping

Applied over galvanized metal lath, using accessories of galvanized steel, or in wet ares or exterior applications, of solid zinc, or plastic, which are less prone to corrosion.

Stucco

Permits sheets to be joined with a flush, invisible seam by means of subsequent joint finishing operation.

Tapered edge

What determines the number of coats of plaster required to cover a wall?

The degree of unevenness of the masonry surface.

Why can wood studs be troublesome with gypsum?

They usually shrink somewhat after the board is installed causing the nails to loosen slightly and "pop" through the finished surface of the board.

Application in which tile is applied to a base of portland cement mortar.

Thicket or mortar bed application

Most frequently made fiver-reinforced lightweight cement or glass-matt-faced water-resistant gypsum board.

Tile backing boards/backer boards

added in showers, steam rooms, and other wet locations to prevent water from seeping through the tile and into the wall behind.

Tile waterproofing membrane

Reinforced concrete wall panels are cast lying down over a previously poured slab that serves as a live, smooth work surface. When the wall panels have cured to sufficient strength, they are tilted up into a vertical orientation and hoisted into position by a crane, then grouted together.

Tilt-up construction

Why is a thin, tangled filament matting inserted directly behind the plaster and lath in exterior applications where stucco is exposed to wind-driven rain?

To create a drainage space and lessen the risk of water penetration further into the wall assembly.

Why is gypsum board usually installed with the long dimension of the board horizontal?

To minimize the length of joints that must be finished and to create the stiffest wall possible.

Why should plaster be dampened thoroughly in advance of plastering?

To prevent premature dehydration of the plaster.

A reinforced concrete framing system in which columns directly support a two-way slab that is planar on both of its surfaces.

Two-way flat plate

Slab is supported by a grid of beams running in both directions over the column.

Two-way solid slab system

Concrete structures with adequate cover over reinforcing and adequate slab thicknesses are classified as what type of buildings un the International Building Code?

Type 1

Banded tendons balance the __ force against the __ force form the distributed tendons.

Upward, downward

Most expensive site cast framing system?

Waffle slab

A two-way concrete joist system, the two-way equivalent of the one-way concrete joist system.

Waffle slab (two-way concrete joist system)

A horizontal beam used to support sheeting or concrete formwork.

Waler

A one-way concrete framing system with joists that are spaced more widely than those in a conventional one-way concrete joist system.

Wide-module concrete joist system

Can a two-coat application of veneer paster be directly applied to surface of site cast concrete or concrete masonry wall?

Yes

Are stirrups required in Wide module concrete joist systems?

Yes, because each joist must carry double the wight carried by a conventional spaced joist system.

A scalloped roof structure of reinforced concrete that spans in one direction as a barrel valued and in the other as a folded plate.

barrel shell

In freshly placed concrete, water that rises to the top surface of the ocncrete as the solid cement and aggregate particles settle. Watery sheen on the surface of concrete.

bleed water

What is the core of gypsum board formulated of?

calcined gypsum, starch, water, regenerated foam to reduce the density of the mixture, and various additives.

A form used to make one of the cavities in a concrete waffle slab. Used to eliminate non working concrete form the slab, allowing considerably longer spans than are feasible with the two-way flat plate.

dome

What type of concrete system for ordinary commercial, institution, and residential loadings?

flat plate or joist system

A roof structure whose strength and stiffness derive from a pleated or folded geometry

folded plate

the finishing process is based on the use of __ that resembles a smooth, sticky plaster.

joint compound

Distribute the weight of the masons sufficiently that he or she can kneel on the surface of the concrete without making indentions.

knee boards

After screening, what further finishes are required for the footing?

none

Ordinarily, what is the most efficient and economical concrete beam?

one whose depth is twice or three times its breadth

Lowering the water-cement ratio of concrete mix __ drying shrinkage and results in finished concrete that is __ and more crack resistant, though at increased cost.

reduce, stronger

Used wherever the unique properties of other special board types are not required.

regular gypsum board

Performed where a concrete slab must meet narrow floor flatness limits. Performed with a rectangular flat-bottomed straightedge, sought 10 feet in length, which is drawn across the concrete slab surface to remove minor undulations produced during floating or troweling.

restraightening

Sometimes sprinkled over the surface of a slab between screeding and floating operations, which reacts with the concrete to form a very hard, durable surface for heavy wear applications (warehouses)

shake on hardeners

The first operation in finishing the slab is to __ or __ the concrete by drawing a stiff plank of wood or metal across the top edges of the formwork to achieve a level concrete surface.

strike off, screed

Name of a floor where there is close control over the flatness desireds

superflat floor

Must be done for a completely smooth, dense surface. Done immediately after the second floating, either by had, using a smooth, rectangular steel trowel, or with a rotary power trowel.

troweled.

A reinforced concrete framing system in which column with mushroom capitals and/or drop panels directly support a two-way slab that is planar on both of its surfaces. Suited to heavily loaded buildings such as storage and industrial buildings.

two-way flat slab

Most two-way floor and too framing systems are made with/without beams.

without