Cosmetology state board
What year was the preheat-perm method introduced?
!931
in 2012, along with representatives from most nations who participate in the United Nations, OSHA agreed to comply with which of the following?
(GHS) - the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals System.
How to employ successful learning tools?
-Attend all classes
How to enhance your own creativity?
-Be positive
List the life skills:
-Being helpful and caring to others
What are the characteristics of a healthy, positive attitude?
-Diplomacy
What are some of the most effective ways to manage time?
-Learn to prioritize
List some achievements of Sarah Breedlove?
-Organized one of the first nations meetings for businesswomen in the US
What are some examples of ethical behavior?
-Providing skilled and competent services
Major ideas that occurred in the 20th century that changed Americans' ideas about beauty?
-Sarah Breedlove made a hair empire and created a union
What is included in an hygiene pact?
-Toothbrush and toothpaste
List four good personal hygiene habits:
-Wash your hands throughout the day including before and after clients
What are the best ways to ensure you are dressed for success?
-Wear clothes that are clean, fresh, and current with fashion
What are some reasons that African civilizations had a variety of hairstyles?
-a symbol of tribal traditions
Action steps for success
-build self-esteem
What are some bad habits that can hurt your body?
-gripping or squeezing implements too tightly
Importance of learning old and ancient cosmetic techniques?
-it can help understand how we do modern techniques which come from ancient techniques
What are four ways you can avoid ergonomic-related injuries?
-keep wrists in a straight neutral position
What is the elevation, or degrees, contained in a blunt or one- length haircut?
0
The range of numbers used in the pH scale is
0 to 14
kilowatt
1,000 watts
List the eleven areas that a cosmetologist can specialize in?
1. Hair coloring
List the four ways to take advantage of continuing education.
1. Individual development
milliampere
1/1,000 of an ampere.
when applying color for a single process retouch application the color should be applied to the new growth using ___
1/4 inch partings
during the process of decolorizing, natural hair can go through as many as ___
10 stages
The body naturally makes up how many out of the twenty amino acids of the hair?
11
The body naturally produces ___ of the 20 amino acids that make up hair.
11
When creating full- base curls, the hair should be held with medium tension at a ___.
125 degree angle
For NATURAL nail preparation, select an abrasive file with ___.
180- 240 grit
the darkest hair colors in level system are identified as being a level ___, while the lightest hair colors in the level system are ___
1;10
proper maintenance of nail enhancements should be done every ___
2-3 weeks
What is the average time an employer will spend scanning a resume?
20 seconds
When hand washing, it is important to rub hands together for a minimum of how long?
20 seconds
When hand washing, it is important to tub hands together for a minimum of how long?
20 seconds
the standard volume of hydrogen peroxide used to achieve most results with permanent haircolor is
20 volume
during removal , monomer liquid and polymer powder enhancements should be soaked for ___
20-30 mins
Light cured gel polish is a relatively new system that evolved in the year ___.
2000
How many bones are in the adult human body?
206
the u.s. federal food, drug and cosmetic act prescribes that a predisposition test be given ___
24 to 48 hours prior to application
The highly sensitive dermis layer is about ___ times thicker that the epidermis.
25
clients who have their hair colored usually visit the salon every ___ weeks
3-12 weeks
what term describes any art or design that protrudes from the nail
3-d nail art
a __ c-curve is the average in most salons to ensure the optimal structure and strength to the nail
35%
a standard manicuring table is usually ___ long, and most often includes a drawer and shelf for storing clean and disinfected implements and professional products
36-48 inches
One square inch of skin contains ____ yards of nerves.
4
True acid wave
4.5-7.0, contains GMTG, has solution, activator, and neutralizer
In permanent waving, most of the processing takes place as soon as the solution penetrates the hair, within the first ___.
5- 10 minutes
when applying nail tips, you must hold the tip in place for ___ until the adhesive has dried
5-10 seconds
Water is the number one nutrient of the body and composes what percentage of the body's weight?
50- 70 Percent
What is the ideal Rockwell hardness of a shear?
56-57
The average adult skin weighs ____ pounds.
6 to 9
Low-pH perms
6.5-7.0, uses sulfates, sulfites, and bisulfites instead of ATG
Ammonia-free waves
7.0-9.6, does not use ammonia
Thio-free waves
7.0-9.6, uses cystamine instead of ATG
Most acid waves used in salons have a pH value between ___.
7.8 and 8.2
Acid-balanced waves
7.8-8.2, contains GMTG, have quick firm curls, most common in salons
All synthetic hair colors used on wigs and hairpieces are standardized according to the hair color ring used by manufacturers, which contains ___.
70 colors
How much blood is in the adult human body?
8 to 10 pints
what size of foam cushion is specifically made for the comfort of the client's arms when performing nail services
8-12 inches
the cortex, or middle layer of each hair, gives the hair the majority of its strength and elasticity, and contributes about ___ percent to the overall strength of the hair
80
A UV lamp used to cure UV gels can use either 4-,6-,7-,8-, or _____ -watt bulbs.
9
Most alkaline permanent waves have a pH between ___.
9.0 and 9.6
Exothermic waves
9.0-9.6, heats up within, a quick processing time
Hair is approximately ___ percent protein.
90
Hair is approximately ____ percent protein.
90
Contrasting lines are horizontal and vertical lines that create a hard edge and form a ___.
90- degree angle
Vitamin ___ may help improve the skin's elasticity and thickness.
A
Example of a exposure accident.
A cient/cosmetologist cuts herself, blood exposure.
Classic
A client who prefers simple and sophisticated clothing, monochromatic colors, and no bright patterns may best be described as having a(n) ______ style.
What is a hygiene pact?
A collection of things to make sure you smell fresh and clean
Which scenario is an example of an exposure incident?
A cosmetologist
Having a strong public speaking ability is important for this beauty professional.
A educational director needs to have this skill
What is a long-term goal?
A goal that can be reached in between 3-10 years
What is a short-term goal?
A goal that can be reached in under two years
A physical side bond that can be easily broken by water and heat is what kind of bond?
A hydrogen bond
What type of bond is broken by wetting hair with water and is reformed when the hair dries?
A hydrogen bond
Hydroxide chemical relaxers break disulfide bonds and convert them into what kinds of bonds?
A lanthionine bond
The process of steam distillation was refined by Avicenna, who?
A persian physician
What is the fundamental principles in developing a professional image?
A positive attitude, and communication
___ should not be used on curly hair because it weakens the cuticle and causes the hair to frizz.
A razor
How was vermillion created in Greece?
A red pigment was created by grinding cinnabar which is a mineral from mercury to a fine powder.
A weak, physical, cross-link bond between adjacent polypeptide chains that is broken by changes in pH is what kind of bond?
A salt bond
Definition of mission statement:
A statement that establishes the purpose and values for which an individual lives and works by. It provides a sense of direction by defining guiding principles and clarifying goals, as well as how an organization operates.
What is texture services?
A term used today that refers to the variety of permanent waving and straightening services availble for various hair types and conditions.
HIV causes____
AIDS
What does Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) cause?
AIDS
Chemical services should not be performed if the scalp analysis shows any signs of ___.
Abrasions
Do no massage or manipulate a client's scalp if you detect the presence of what?
Abrasions
Do not massage or manipulate a client's scalp if you detect the presence of ___.
Abrasions
What is the key to living a happy and productive life?
Achieveing a balance
Modern acid waves are actually ___ waves, which are permanent waves that have a 7.0 or neutral pH.
Acid- balanced
The surface of healthy skin is slightly ___.
Acidic
A solution that has a pH below 7.0
Acidic Solution
What type of immunity does the body develop after overcoming a disease inoculations?
Acquired immunity
Light cured gel enhancements rely on ingredients from a subcategory of the monomer liquid an polymer powder chemical family, called ___.
Acrylates
All acid waves have three components: permanent waving lotion, neutralizer, and ___.
Activator
To be effective, a shampoo must remove all dirt, oils, cosmetics, and skin debris without ___.
Adversely affecting the scalp or hair
To be effective, a shampoo must remove all dirts, oils, cosmetics, and skin debris without doing what?
Adversely affecting the scalp or hair
Newspaper or radio ads and charitable events can best be described as forms of ___.
Advertising
Historically, the first highly decorative braids were seen among ___ tribes.
African
Which civilization is most known for using a variety of hairstyles as symbols of tribal traditions to convey messages of age, marital status, power and rank?
African
A solution that has a pH above 7.0
Alkaline Solution
Cold waving or permanent waving, was developed by scientists in 1941 as a new type of permanent waving that did not use heat. What modern-day term for this waving lotion?
Alkaline perms
Alkaline perms are modern versions of what method created in 1941?
Alkaline perms are modern versions of the cold waves.
AKA bases; compounds that react with acids to form salts
Alkalis
Alkaline substances used to neutralize acids or raise the pH of many hair products
Alkanolamines
A reaction due to extreme sensitivity to certain foods, chemicals, or other normally harmless substances is a(n)___.
Allergy
What is a reaction due to extreme sensitivity to certain foods, chemicals, or other normally harmless substances?
Allergy
The sudden falling out of hair in round patches or baldness in spots is known as ___.
Alopecia Areata
The complete loss of all body hair is known as ___.
Alopecia Universalis
The sudden falling out of hair in round patches or baldness in spots is known as what?
Alopecia areata
The complete loss of all body hair is known as what?
Alopecia universalis
AHA's; acids derived from plants (mostly fruit) that are often used to exfoliate the skin
Alpha Hydroxy Acids
The units of structure that build protein and are joined together end to end like pop beads are ___.
Amino Acids
What are the units of structure that build up protein and are joined together end to end like pop beads?
Amino acids
Which compounds are made up of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and sulfur?
Amino acids
What are the basic building blocks of hair that affect how chemical solutions react?
Amino acids, peptide bonds, polypeptide chains, keratin proteins, and side bonds
Colorless gas with a pungent odor that is composed of hydrogen and nitrogen
Ammonia
___ waves are perms using an ingredient that does not evaporate as readily as ammonia, so that there is very little odor associated with their use.
Ammonia- free
The active ingredient or reducing agent in alkaline permanent wave is ___.
Ammonium thioglycolate
Talk less listen more
An important practical step that promotes effective communication is to _____.
Definition of perfectionism:
An unhealthy compulsion to do things perfectly
What is the growth phase during which new hair is produced?
Anagen
What are the three growth cycles of human hair?
Anagen, Catagen, and Telogen
What are the three stages of human hair?
Anagen, catagen, and telogen
During which step of the consultation should you ask the client what at-home products she or he uses?
Analyze the client's hair
An ___ is created when the space between two lines or surfaces intersects at a given point.
Angle
An important element in creating a strong foundation and consistency in haircutting and creating shapes is the use of ___.
Angles
An ion with a negative electrical charge
Anion
Chemical germicides formulate for use on skin and registered and regulated by the FDA are called what?
Antiseptics
Chemical germicides formulated for use on skin, and registered and regulated by the FDA are called____.
Antiseptics
The ___ is the highest point on the top of the head, and can be located easily by placing a comb on top of the head and noticing that the comb is resting on the highest point.
Apex
This is just as important as techincal knowledge and skills to a salon owner/manager when looking for new employees:
Appearance and personality
When selecting an interview wardrobe, it is critical that the selection be ___.
Appropriate for the position
What type of immunity does the body develop after overcoming a disease or through inoculations?
Aquired immunity
What is the most commonly shaped pin curl base?
Arc base
Padma's class is role- playing for interview practice and she is playing the part of the interviewer. Which question should Padma ask that would be legal for a prospective employer?
Are you younger than 18 years old?
The small, involuntary muscle fiber in the base of the hair follicle is the ___.
Arrector Pili
The muscle that causes goose bumps when a person is frightened or cold is the ___.
Arrector Pili Muscle
Cosmetology is defined as the what of beautifying and improving the skin nails and hair?
Art and science
Hair should be shampooed ___.
As often as necessary
How often how hair be shampooed
As often as necessary
What is one of the first steps you should take when a client is dissatisfied with a service?
Ask for specifics
What hair design is created when the two halves of a hairstyle have equal visual weight, but are positioned unevenly?
Asymmetrical
A friend shows you paperwork from the doctor saying that he has tinea pedis. Which is his condition?
Athletes foot
The smallest chemical components (often called particles) of an element; structures that make up the element and have the same properties of the element
Atoms
Short, rod-shaped bacteria are called?
Bacilli
Short, rod-shaped bacteria are called____.
Bacilli- causes tetanuns ( lockjaw), typhoid fever, tuberculosis, and diphtheria
By making a parting or drawing line from the apex to the back of the ear, you can locate the ___ of the head, which consists of all the hair that falls naturally behind the ear.
Back
If you want hair to be longer toward the front on a layered haircut, overdirect the section to a stationary guide at the ___.
Back of the ears
Where should you start the application of the chemical relaxer, often considered the most resistant area?
Back of the head
When manipulating the scalp during a shampoo, begin at the front hairline and work in a ___.
Back- and- forth movement
When maipulating the scalp during shampoo, begin at the front hairline and work in what type of motion?
Back-and-forth movement
When styling a wig without a natural- looking hairline or a lace front, you should soften the hairline by ___.
Backcombing around the hairline
One-celled microorganisms with both plant and animal characteristics are known as what?
Bacteria
One-celled microorganisms with both plant and animal characteristics are known as____
Bacteria
Discolorations of the nail plate from infections of the fingernails or toenails are usually the result of a _______?
Bacterial infection
Carbon buildup can be removed from the metal portion of a pressing comb by immersing the metal portion of the comb in a solution containing ___.
Baking soda
Establishing equal or appropriate proportions to create a symmetry in a design is called ___.
Balance
What type of shampoo washed away excess oiliness while preventing the hair from drying out?
Balancing
What type of shampoo washes away excess oiliness while preventing the hair from drying out?
Balancing
The triangular section of the face that begins at the apex, or high point of the head, and ends at the front corners is called the ___ area, or fringe area.
Bang
The two front corners represent the widest part of the ___.
Bang area
What is the triangular section of the head that begins at the apex and ends at the front corners?
Bang area
The comb used for close tapers on the nape and sides, and when using a scissor- over comb technique, is a ___.
Barber comb
Large diameter pin curls that are similar to a roller, but do not have that same amount of tension, are called ___.
Barrel curls
The ___ is the stationary (non moving) foundation of the curl, on the area closest to the scalp.
Base
What is the panel of hair on which the roller is placed?
Base
The angle at which a permanent wave rod is positioned on the head is referred to as ___.
Base direction
___ refers to the position of the rod in relation to its base section and is determined by the angle at which the hair is wrapped.
Base placement
In permanent waving, panels of hair are divided into smaller subsections called ___.
Base sections
The ___, also known as straight set wrap, is a wrapping pattern in which all the rods within a panel move in the same direction and positioned on equal- sized bases.
Basic permanent wrap
Visible depressions running across the width of the natural nail plate that are the result of major illness or injury are known as _______?
Beau's lines
Where is beauty culture from the Middle Ages found?
Beauty culture is evidenced by sculptures, tapestries, and other artifacts from this period.
Which action is the best example of a long-term goal?
Becoming a salon owner
The nail bed contains many nerves and is attached to the nail plate with a thin layer of tissue called what?
Bed epithelium
Dani is putting together her portfolio. Which photographs should she include?
Before and after shots showing the services that she has provided
When are scalp treatments performed?
Before or during the shampoo
Moriah loves to read professional magazines, go to classes offered by famous stylists, and watch online videos of the newest styles and techniques. Her behavior is best described as ___.
Being a life- long learner
Katrina is not simply on time for her shifts. She is usually early and well- prepared for her first client of the day. Katrina's behavior is best described as ___.
Being punctual
When the hair is elevated ___, you are building weight in a haircut.
Below 90 degrees
What is the composition of oligomers?
Between solid and liquid
___, or stacking, involves using diagonal lines to create angles by cutting the ends of the hair with a slight increase or decrease in length.
Beveling
In ancient Rome women used hair color to indicate their class in society. What did poor women use to dye their hair?
Black
In Rome, what color of hair indicated a woman belonged to the Poor Class?
Black indicated women belonged to the poor class.
Sodium hypochlorite is the chemical name for what?
Bleach
Sodium hypochlorite is the chemical name for____.
Bleach
A ___ is a head- shaped form, usually made of canvas- covered cork or styrofoam, on which the wig is secured for fitting, coloring, and sometimes styling.
Block
In Rome, what color of hair indicated a woman belonged to the Middle Class?
Blonde indicated women belonged to the Middle class.
Disease-causing microorganism that are carried in the body by blood or body fluids are called what?
Blood-borne pathogens
Disease-causing microorganisms that are carried in the body by blood or body fluids are called____.
Bloodborne pathogens
What technique of drying and styling damp hair in one operation has revolutionized the hairstyling world?
Blowdry styling
In a ___ haircut, also known as a one- length- haircut, all of the hair comes to a single- hanging level forming a weight line.
Blunt
Grooming brushes that add polish and shine to the hair have a bristle mixture consisting of ___.
Boar and nylon
What brushes are best for stimulating the scalp as well as for removing dirt and lint from locks?
Boar- bristle brushes
A ___ in a design can be created using a single line of color, or a series of repeated lines.
Bold, dramatic accent
What technique involves attaching hair wefts or single strands with adhesive or glue?
Bonding
Which substances are used to increase adhesion to the natural nail plate, similar to a monomer liquid and polymer powder primer?
Bonding gels
The ___ uses one end paper folded in half over the hair ends like an envelope.
Bookend wrap
In what method are hair extensions secured to the client's own hair by sewing braids or a weft onto an on- the- scalp braid or cornrow, sometimes called the track?
Braid- and- sew method
Base sections are offset from each other row by row to prevent noticeable splits and to blend the flow of the hair, in which wrapping pattern?
Bricklay permanent wrap
What is a nail condition in which blood clots form under the nail plate due to a small injury of the nail plate?
Bruised nails
What term refers to a plan to meet financial obligations?
Budget
What type of UV or LED gel is used when sculpting light cured gel using forms?
Building Gel
Which substances include any thick- viscosity resin that allows the cosmetologist to build an arch and curve into the fingernail?
Building gels
___ and skin rashes are the two general types of injuries that can occur in a hair pressing.
Burns
What is a written plan that describes a business a foresees projections for the next five years?
Business plan
Vitamin ___ promotes the production of collagen.
C
Arc base pin curls are also known as half- moon or ___ base curls.
C- shaped base curls
Standard Precautions that require the employer and employee to assume that all human blood and body fluids are potentially infectious are published by the
CDC-centers for disease control snd prevention.
The major elements that make up human hair are carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and sulfur, are called what?
COHNS elements
The major elements that make up human hair are carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and sulfur, often referred to as ___.
COHNS elements
Continued pressure on any part of the skin causes it to thicken and develop into a ___.
Callus
Patti is interviewing for her dream job. The interviewer asks her about the number of children she has. What is the best approach to answering this question?
Calmly state that she would prefer to focus on her relevant skills
What is the technical term for gray hair?
Canities
What is the wig type recommended for a client with no hair or extremely thing hair?
Cap wig
One reason for entering into a partnership agreement is to have ___.
Capital for investment
Pin curls sliced from a shaping and formed without lifting the hair from the head are refered to as ___.
Carved curls
Which pin curls are fastened to the head in a standing position to create height in the hair design?
Cascade curls
An ion with a positive electrical charge
Cation
Who were the biggest trendsetter in beauty application in the early 20th century?
Celebrities and society figures
A general rule of thumb when cutting hair is to stand or sit directly in front of the are you are cutting, and to keep your body weight ___.
Centered
During salon visits, to ensure that all key areas are observed, it is important to develop a ___.
Checklist
Which substances work to break down stubborn films and remove the residue of pedicure products such as salts, scrubs, and masks?
Chelating soap
WHich substances work to break down stubborn films and remove the residue of pedicure products such as scrubs, salts, and masks?
Chelating soaps-work in all types of water,low sudsing, works well with hard tap water,
Within the natural hairstyling/ braiding world, hair is referred to as natural or virgin if it has never had any ___ treatments.
Chemical
A change in the chemical composition or makeup of a substance
Chemical Change
Characteristics that can only be determined by a chemical reaction and a chemical change in the substance
Chemical Properties
What is the process of rearranging the basic structure of curly hair into a straightener or smoother form?
Chemical hair relaxing
___ give you the ability to permanently change the hair's natural wave and curl pattern, thereby offering clients a variety of styling options that would not otherwise be possible.
Chemical texture services
Hair that has been lightened, colored, permed, chemically relaxed, or processed with a keratin straightener is called ___.
Chemically treated
Hair that has been lightened, colored, permed, chemically relaxed, or processed with a keratin straightener, that means the hair is called what?
Chemically treated hair
Science that deals with the composition, structures, and properties of matter and how matter changes under different conditions
Chemistry
Without a through understanding of ___, cosmetologists could damage hair, cause hair loss, and harm their clients and themselves.
Chemistry
What true classic hairdo is created out of a simple ponytail that can be simply styled or dressed up?
Chignon
What chemical is added to fresh water before it enters the public water pipelines for the purpose of providing additional water purification by killing common bacteria?
Chlorine
What mineral, considered the chief source of mercury, was ground into a fine powder and used to make vermillion, a brilliant red pigment?
Cinnibar
In 1932, what product did Clairol put out?
Clairol put out the first permanent hair color.
What type of shampoo, containing and active chelating agent, should be used when a buildup is evident and prior to all chemical services?
Clarifying
Which type of shampoo, containing an active chelating agent, should be used when a buildup on the hair is evident and prior to all chemical services?
Clarifying shampoo
A client who prefers simple and sophisticated clothing, monochromatic colors, and no bright patterns may be best described as having what type of style?
Classic
Which brushes are used to blowdry precision haircuts where little or no volume is desired?
Classic styling brushes
Which action is best defind as removing all visible dirt and debris from tools, implements, and equipment by washing with soap and water?
Cleaning
Which action is best defined as removing all visible dirt and debris from tools, implements, and equipment by washing with soap and water?
Cleaning
Which of the following is a mechanical process?
Cleaning
Which action is an acceptable way to clean tools or instruments?
Cleaning solvent
Which of the following is a mechanical process? (scrubbing)
Cleaning--soap and water or detergent and water to remove visible dirt, debris, and disease causing germs. required to do before disinfecting.
What are the two basic requirements for maintaining a healthy scalp?
Cleanliness and Stimulation
What are the two basic requirements for maintaining a healthy scalp?
Cleanliness and stimulation
Every new client should complete a what, also called a client questioniare, consultation card, of health history form?
Client Intake form
What verbal communication with a client assists in determine the client's needs and how to achieve the desired results?
Client consultaion
A ___ is a conversation between you and your client when you find out what the client is looking for, offer suggestions and professional advice, and come to a joint decision about the most suitable haircut.
Client consultation
When securing a cape as draping for a basic shampoo, do not let the cape touch the ___.
Client's skin
What technique allows you to cut hair very close to the scalp and create a flat top or square shape?
Clipper- over- comb
Electric or battery- operated tools that cut the hair by using two moving blades held in place by a metal plate with teeth are called ___.
Clippers
The terms ___ and ___ curls are used to describe the direction of pin curls.
Clockwise; counterclockwise
When using the slicing technique to remove weight and add movement through the lengths of the hair, the shears should never be completely ___.
Closed
Which pin curls produce waves that get smaller in size toward the end?
Closed- center curls
The basic hair textures are fine, medium, and ___.
Coarse
Which type of hair has the largest diameter and usually requires more processing?
Coarse Hair
Which type of hair has the largest diameter and usually requires more processing?
Coarse hair
In terms of braiding and other natural hairstyling, the diameter of hair refers to whether the hair is ___
Coarse, medium, or fine
Round shaped bacteria are called____.
Cocci
The type of bacteria that rarely shows any active motility is known as what?
Cocci
The type of bacterica that rarely shows any active motility is known as _____.
Cocci
What are round-shaped bacteria?
Cocci
Alkaline waves, also known as ___, were developed in 1941.
Cold waves
What is a fibrous protein that gives skin form and strength?
Collagen
The five basic elements of three- dimensional hair design are line, form, space, design texture, and ___.
Color
What element acts as an illusion and helps to create lines of attention in a hair style?
Color
Shampoos that are created by combing the surfactant base with basic color pigments are called ___.
Color- enhancing shampoos
Shampoos that are created by combining the surfactant base with basic color pigments are called what?
Color-enhancing shampoo
What blow- dryer attachment loosens the curl pattern in textured hair for braiding styles, and dries, stretches, and softens textured hair?
Comb nozzle
Rapid oxidation of a substances accompanied by the production of heat and light
Combustion
When sebum hardens and the sebaceous duct becomes clogged, the pore impaction that is formed is a ___.
Comedo
What is compensation that is paid as a direct result of the total amount of service dollars generated for a salon?
Commission
During the Chou Dynasty , what happened to commoners caught wearing royal colors?
Commoners wearing gold or sliver on their nails were put to death.
A disease that is transmitted from one person to another is called____.
Communicable
What is a disease that is transmitted from one person to another?
Communicable
Effective human relations and what skills build lasting relationships, accelerate professional growth, and promote a positive work environment?
Communication
Professionals who practice active listening and have both non-verbal and verbal skills are effective at what?
Communication
When communicating with your salon manager, you should be open and honest, have correct information, and never do what?
Complain about colleagues
Rollers should be placed ___ in a roller set where the least amount of volume is desired.
Completely off the base
If studying or other activities become overwhelming focus on what?
Completing smaller tasks at a time
AKA compounds; a chemical combination of two or more atoms of different elements in definite (fixed) proportions
Compound Molecules
A ___ profile has a receding forehead and chin.
Concave
What is the most common type of perm?
Concave rods
What nozzle attachment of a blowdryer directs the air stream to any section of the hair more intensely?
Concentrator
When cleaning a wig made o human hair, you should also ___.
Condition it
As a rule of thumb, coarse and gray hair can withstand more heat than ___.
Conditioned hair
What special chemical agents are applied to hair to deposit protein or moisturizer to help restore the hair's strength, infuse moisture, give hair body, and protect hair against possible breakage?
Conditioners
What special chemical agents are applied to the hair to deposit protein or moisturizer to help restore the hair's strength, infuse moisture, give hair body, and protect hair against possible breakage?
Conditioners
Often called simply " the shampoo" this first step of the service actually encompasses three different processes: scalp care and massage, shampooing, and ___.
Conditioning
Often simply called "the shampoo," this first step of service actually encompasses three different processes; scalp care and massage, shampooing, and what?
Conditioning
What type of shampoo, also known as moisturizing shampoo, is designed to make the hair appear smooth and shiny and to improve manageability of the hair?
Conditioning
___ shampoo, also known as moisturizing shampoo, is designed to make the hair appear smoother and shiny and to improve the manageability of the hair.
Conditioning
Perform a thorough ___ in order to avoid client misunderstanding and ensure a happy ending to every natural hairstyling service.
Consultation
Supplies that are used and replaced in the daily business operation are identified as ___.
Consumption supplies
Vanya, a single mother of three with a minimum- wage job, is interviewing for salon positions as she finishes up cosmetology school. She is concerned about what she will wear to her job interviews. What is the best advise?
Contact a group such as Dress for Success or Wardrobe for opportunity to obtain appropriate clothing.
Which activity is most important to a successful career, holds the key to individual development and personal motivation, provides knowledge and builds confidence, and promotes career advancements?
Continuing education
A ___ profile has a prominent forehead and chin, with other features receded inward.
Convex
The best overall blade edge for a hair stylist is ___, because it will give you the smoothest cut and is the sharpest edge possible.
Convex
___, also known as canerows, are narrow rows of visible braids that lie close to the scalp and are created with a three- strand, on- the- scalp braiding technique.
Cornrows
Which business structure saves you money in taxes, provides greater business flexibility, and makes raising capital easier?
Corporation
A lengthwise section of hair shows that cuticle scales overlap and each individual cuticle scale is attached to the ___.
Cortex
The changes involved in oxidation haircoloring, wet setting, thermal styling, permanent waving, and chemical hair relaxing take place within the ___.
Cortex
The fibrous protein core formed by elongated cells that contains melanin pigment is the ___.
Cortex
Which layer of the hair is located directly beneath the cuticle layer and is responsible for the incredible strength and elasticity of human hair?
Cortex
Maintaining an appropriate client relationship mean that you do not attempt to fulfill the role of what with any clients?
Counsler
State regulatory agencies do what?
Create the rules that determine how laws are applied
State regulatory agencies_____.
Create the rules that determine how laws are applied.
What term refers to having a talent such as painting, acting, cutting hair, apply makeup, or doing artificial nails, as well as possessing unlimited inner resources of ideas and solutions?
Creativity
The technique used to check a haircut for precision of line and shape is called ___.
Cross- checking
What area of the head is located between the apex and the back of the partial ridge?
Crown
___ hair can create a larger form of hair that is more coiled, grows more compact together, and will reflect less light.
Curly
What hair type requires less elevation and should be left a bit longer when cutting because of shrinkage as it dries?
Curly hair
Which wrap utilizes partings and bases throughout the panels to follow the curvature of the head?
Curvature Permanent wrap
___ lines move in a circular or semi- circular direction and are used to soften a design.
Curved
In cosmetology, what is the cornerstone of success?
Customer service
What is the dead colorless tissue attached to the natural nail plate?
Cuticle
What tough exterior layer of the hair has the purpose of surrounding the inner layers and protecting the hair from damage?
Cuticle
When your shear is properly fitted, the thumb hole will rest at or slightly over the ___.
Cuticle area of the thumb
Excessive use of _____ can cause Onychorrhexis?
Cuticle removers
The angle at which the fingers are held when cutting the line that creates the shape is referred to as the ___.
Cutting line
The hand position that is used most often when cutting uniform or increasing layers is called ___.
Cutting over fingers
Wrap resins are called ___.
Cyanoacrylates
Which vitamin enables the body to properly absorb and use calcium?
D
Most important part of personal hygiene?
Daily bathing
Definition of personal hygiene:
Daily maintenance and cleanliness by practicing good healthful habits
It its important for stylists to remember that ammonia- free does not necessarily mean ___.
Damage- free
What term that came out in the late 1980's, and was first coined by Noel DeCaprio?
Day Spas
___, also known as hair masks or conditioning packs, are chemical mixtures of concentrated proteins and intensive moisturizers.
Deep- conditioning treatments
What is also known as hair mask or conditioning packs, are chemical mixtures of concentrated proteins and intensive moisturizers
Deep-conditioning treatments
What is the second factor in the overall strength of the waving solution?
Degree of alkalinity
Elevation creates graduation and layers, and is usually described in ___.
Degrees
What kind of water has had impurities, such as calcium, magnesium, and other metal ions, removed?
Deionized
___ water has had impurities, such as calcium, magnesium, and other metal ions, removed.
Deionized
Hair ___ is the number of individual hair strands on 1 square inch of scalp and is usually described as thin, medium, or thick.
Density
The measurement that describes the number of individual hair strands on one square inch of the scalp is hair ___.
Density
The measurement that describes the number of individual hair strands on one square inch of the scalp is what?
Density
What are some items that should be included in you hygiene pack, or personal collection of items, to maintain the necessary sanitary habits at work?
Dental care items, hand sanitizer, and body freshening products
A small, cone- shaped area located at the base of the hair follicle that fits into the hair bulb is the ___.
Dermal Papilla
Small, coned- shaped elevations at the bottom of hair follicles are known as ___.
Dermal Papillae
What structures contain the blood and nerve supply that provide the nutrients needed for hair growth?
Dermal Papillae
The medical branch of science that deals with the study of the skin, its functions, and diseases is ___.
Dermatology
The underlying or inner layer of the skin, which is also called the derma corium, cutis, or true skin, is the ___.
Dermis
Ingredients in shampoos, as well as all manufactured products are listed on the packaging according to percentages of each ingredient or in what?
Descending order
Ingredients in shampoos, as well as other manufactured products, are listed on the packaging according to the percentage of each ingredient or in ___.
Descending order
___ refers to directional wave patterns that must be taken into consideration when designing a style for a client.
Design Texture
Reference points in a haircut are used to establish ___.
Design lines
The three types of straight lines in haircutting include horizontal, vertical, and ___ lines.
Diagonal
___ back partings are used to create the illusion of width or height in a hairstyle.
Diagonal
___ lines are positioned between horizontal and vertical lines and are often to emphasize or minimize facial features.
Diagonal
___ lines in a haircut are those that lie between the horizontal and vertical, have a slanting or sloping direction, and help to blend long layers into short layers to create fullness.
Diagonal
What blowdryer attachment is used to accentuate or keep textural definition by allowing the air to flow more softly?
Diffuser
Spherical bacteria that grows in pairs - causes pneumonia.
Diplo-cocci
What is also known as tact, which is the ability to deliver truthful, even sometimes critical or difficult messages in a kind way?
Diplomacy
___ lines have a definite forward or backward movement.
Directional
Single-use items that do not have the capacity to be disinfected after each client must be what?
Discarded
Single-use items that do not have the capacity to be disinfected after each client use must be____
Discarded
In which step of the consultation would you counsel clients on salon maintenance, lifestyle limitations, and home maintenance commitments?
Discussing upkeep and maintenance
Chemical products that destroy all bacteria, fungi, and viruses (but not spores) on surfaces are known as what?
Disinfectants
Chemical products that destroy all bacteria, fungi, and viruses (but not spores) on surfaces known as____.
Disinfectants
What water purification is used in the manufacture of cosmetics, in which water is heated until it becomes a vapor, then collected as a liquid?
Distillation
What water purification process is used in the manufacture of cosmetics, in which is heated until it becomes a vapor, then collected as a liquid?
Distillation
It is important to work with the natural ___, or where and how hair is moved over the head, when locating the bang area.
Distribution
The salon industry depends heavily on its relationships with product distributors, which are referred to as what?
Distributor sales consultants
Permanent waving and hair relaxers change the shape of hair by chemically altering the hair's ___.
Disulfide Bonds
What chemical side bonds are formed when two sulfur- type chains are joined together?
Disulfide bonds
The cortex of the hair is made up of millions of polypeptide chains cross- linked by three types of side bonds that are responsible for the elasticity and strength of the hair. These bonds are ___.
Disulfide, salt, and hydrogen
The ___ is a perm wrap in which one end paper is placed under and another is placed over the strand of hair being wrapped, providing the most control over the hair ends.
Double flat wrap
Salons often implement what to create a salon culture, protect employees' clothing while working with chemicals, and ultimately ensure stylists are dressed for success?
Dress code guidlines
Hydrogen bonds are weak physical side bonds that result from an attraction between negative and positive electrical charges and are easily broken by water or heat, but reform as the hair is ___.
Dried
What type of shampoo, also known as powder shampoo, cleanses the hair without the use of soap and water?
Dry
The chemical family of urethanes is known for high abrasion resistance and ___.
Durability
When should a client consultation be performed?
During each salon visit and service
Analyze the client's hair
During which step of the consultation should you ask the client what at home products she or he uses?
The most opportune time to discuss increasing your client bookings, raisin you pay scale, or the possibility of future advancement with your manager is when?
During you evaluation meeting
Which agency is responsible for designating disinfecting agents as being effective enough to be used in a hospital setting and effective for cleaning blood and body fluids?
EPA
The act of successfully sharing information between two people, or groups is known as what?
Effective communication
Communication
Effective human relations and _____ skills build lasting client relationships, accelerate professional growth, and promote a positve work environment.
The term describing the effectiveness with which a disinfecting solution kills germs when used according to the label instructions is____.
Efficacy
The term describing the effectiveness with which a disinfecting solution kills germs when used according to the label instructions is what?
Efficay
Which type of nail has a noticeably thin, white nail plate, and is more flexible than a normal nail?
Eggshell
As early as 3000 BC, ___ women wore braids or plaits decorated with shells, sequins, and glass or gold beads.
Egyptian
In ___, perukes were worn by men to indicate that they were in the army or navy or engaged in the practice of law.
Eighteenth- century England
The ability of hair to stretch and return to its original length without breaking is referred to as hair ___.
Elasticity
The ability of hair to stretch and return to its original length without breaking is referred to as what?
Elasticity
The fibrous protein that gives skin its flexibility and helps skin regain its shape after being expanded is ___.
Elastin
Subatomic particles with a negative charge
Electrons
The simplest form of chemical matter; and element cannot be broken down into a simpler substance without a loss of identity
Element
Molecule containing two or more atoms of the same element in definite (fixed) proportions
Elemental Molecule
___, also known as projection or lifting, is the degree at which a subsection of hair is held from the head when cutting.
Elevation
What unblocks the creative mind and allows for the exploration of new ideas and solutions?
Eliminating self-critical thoughts
Blowdrying to prepare the hair for braiding softens textured hair, stretches the hair shaft length, and ___.
Elongates a wave pattern
Dry hair and scalp should be treated with products that contain moisturizers and ___.
Emollients
Dry hair and scalp should be treated with products that contain moisturizers and what?
Emollients
The ___, also known as focus, in a design is what draws the eye first, before it travels to the rest of the design.
Emphasis
Shondra is preparing her resume for a salon position and is struggling with the content in the prior work experience section. All of her previous work has been as a store clerk. What should she do?
Emphasize how being a store clerk has enabled her to learn how to deal with all sorts of customers.
What is a bound collection of photos and documents that reflect skills and accomplishments in your field?
Employment portfolio
An ingredient that brings two normally incompatible materials together and binds them into a uniform and fairly stable blend
Emulsifier
An unstable physical mixture of two or more immiscible substances plus a special ingredient called and emulsifier.
Emulsion
Waves that are activated from an outside heat source, such as a conventional hood- type hair dryer, are ___ waves.
Endothermic
In the croquignole method of wrapping, the hair is wound from the ___ in overlapping concentric layers.
Ends to the scalp `
The top of the papillary layer where it joins the epidermis is the ___.
Epidermal- Dermal Junction
The outermost and thinnest layer of the skin is the ___.
Epidermis
The living skin at the base of the plate is called what?
Eponychium
What is the cuticle overlapping the lunula?
Eponychium
The science of designing and planning of the workplace, as well as its equipment and tool, for maximum comfort, safety, and efficiency is known as what?
Ergonomics
The moral principles by which we live and work by are known as what?
Ethics
The pigment that provides brown or black color to the hair is ___.
Eumelanin
What type of pigment produces brown or black color to the hair?
Eumelanin
Intake form
Every new client should complete a client _____, also called a client questionnaire, consultation card, or health history form.
Light cured gel enhancements should be maintained ___.
Every two weeks
Chemical reactions that release a significant amount of heat
Exothermic REactions
What are three active problem-solving words that should be utilized when building a positive vocabulary?
Explore, analyze, and determine
Extension fibers, hackles, and drawing boards are examples of the implements and materials needed for hair ___.
Extensions
If a cosmetologist provides a service to a client with a fungal infection it is ______ that the cosmetologist will get the infection from the client.
Extremely unlikely
Standard Precaustion that require the employer and employee to aaume that all human blood and body fluids are potenially infections are published by the what?
FDA
You can begin to make decisions about the best haircut for a client by analyzing his or her ___.
Face shape
A client's facial shape is determined by the position and prominence of the ___.
Facial bones
In 1985, a hairdresser, who was led by his passion got his craft and environment, revolutionized the beauty industry by inventing the world's first ammonia free haircolor?
Farouk Shami
The market for products and services related to ___ has expanded to every consumer group, from baby boomers with fine and thinning hair, to young trendsetters, to celebrities.
Faux hair
What method of applying extensions to cornrows or individual braids allows them to look natural, last longer, and not place excessive tension on the hair line?
Feed- in method
If a client repeatedly returns to the salon with broken enhancements, you should try a gel that uses ___.
Fiberglass
Traditional gels, also known as hard UV or LED gels, cannot be removed with a solvent and must be ___.
Filed off the natural nail
What is a treatment that passes water through a porous substance, such as charcoal or a filter, for purification purposes?
Filtration
What is one of the best ways to improve your performances?
Find a role model.
What process shapes and directs the hair into an S pattern through the use of the fingers, combs, and finger-waving lotion, and was the rage in the 1920s and 1930s?
Finger waving
What substance, also known as liquid gel, makes the hair pliable enough to keep it in place during the finger- waving procedure?
Finger- waving lotion
What is a simple two- strand braid in which the hair is picked up from the sides and added to strands as they are crossed over each other?
Fishtail
The Epidermis has ___ layers.
Five
Keratin straightening treatments work by ___ in a semi- permanent manner.
Fixing the keratin in place
___ irons with straight edges are used to create smooth, straight, styles- even on very curl hair.
Flat
A student who is preparing for success should begin to prepare for a test by practicing good study habits and ___.
Focusing on time management
The pocket or tube- like depression in the scalp or skin that contains the hair root is the hair ___.
Follicle
Professional shears are made by either casting or forging steel. Which process is best for ensuring shear durability, ease of adjustment or repair, and highest quality?
Forging only
Another name for the three- dimensional volume or mass of a hairstyle that exhibits length, width, and depth is ___.
Form
To measure symmetry, you should divide the face into ____ parts.
Four equal
What is the technical term for brittle hair?
Fragilitas Crinium
What is the technical term for brittle hair?
Fragilitas crinium
A salon with a national name, consistent image, and business formula used in every location is called a ____.
Franchise salon
The terms single braids, box braids, or individual braids all refer to ___.
Free- hanging braids
Which group ushered in a new era of highlighting in the 1970s by introducing the art of hair weaving using aluminum foil?
French hairdressers
During which period of your business timeline might you move from being a working cosmetologist into a full- time manager of the overall business and to begin planning for your eventual retirement?
From years 11-20
During which period of your business timeline should you focus on adding more locations, expanding the scope of the business ( for ex. adding a spa services), or constructing a larger space?
From years five to ten
During which period of your business timeline should you focus on tending to the business, its clientele, and its employees to grow and expand the business so that it is profitable?
From years two to five
Your license will unlock countless doors for employment. However your career must be what?
Fueled with personal dedication and passion
Definition of self-actualization:
Fulfilling one's potential
What type of curl is placed completely off base and allows for the greatest mobility?
Full- stem curl
Cosmetologists may choose to specialize and work in a specific type of facility. Which facility would be least appropriate for a specialist?
Full-service salon
Tinea is characterized by itching scales and sometimes painful circular lesions and is caused by ___.
Fungal Organisms
Tinea is characterized by itching scales and sometimes painful circular leasions and is caused by what?
Fungal organisms
Single-cell organisms such as mold, mildew, and yeast are what?
Fungi
Single-cell organisms such as molds, mildews, and yeasts are____
Fungi
Which parasite, under some conditions, can cause infections to the feet and hands?
Fungi
What term refers to an acute, localized bacterial infection of the hair follicle that produces constant pain?
Furuncle
The method of attaching extensions to a client's own hair with a bonding material and heat from a special tool is called ___.
Fusion- bonding
Which substance is a thin- viscosity gel that is usually pigmented and packaged in a pot or a polish bottle, and used as an alternative to traditional nail lacquer?
Gel polish
Your older clients may not like gum chewing, slang, or the word yeah instead of yes. Awareness of these what will help you remain professional with all clientele?
Generational differences
When cleaning a wig, follow the manufacturer's directions and select a shampoo that is ___.
Gentle
Which action is the best example of short-term goals?
Getting to class on time
What two movie stars made nail polish popular in the 1930's?
Gloria Season and Jean Harlow made nail polish very popular.
Which type of gel, also known as a sealing gel or shine gel, is used over the finished and filed gel application to create a high shine?
Glossing gel
Sweet, colorless, oily substance used as a solvent and as a moisturizer in skin and body creams
Glycerin
What is the main active ingredient in true acid and acid- balanced waving lotions?
Glyceryl monothioglycolate
An alpha hydroxy acid used in exfoliation to lower the pH of products.
Glycolic Acid
Which term refers to the identification of long-term and short-term goals?
Goal setting
What were the royal colors of the Chou Dynasty?
Gold and silver
What were the royal colors during the Chou Dynasty in China?
Gold and sliver
Maintaining a good what while shampooing will prevent unnecessary muscle aches, back strains, and fatigues?
Good posture
Hair that grows below the partial ridge, or crest, hangs because of ___
Gravity
Avoid excessive heat, particularly when pressing ___ hair, to avoid discoloration and breakage.
Gray
The term cosmetology comes from the what word cosmetics, meaning in the use of cosmetics?
Greek
What products did Greek women put on their face, eyes, and cheeks and lips?
Greek women put white lead on their faces, kohl around their eyes, and vermillion on their checks and lips
Cowlicks and whorls are examples of ___ that will affect where the hair ends up once it is dry, especially in the nape.
Growth Patterns
The ___ is the direction in which hair grows from the scalp and is also called the natural falling position.
Growth pattern
Relaxers that contain two components and must be mixed immediately prior to use are ___.
Guanidine hydroxide relaxers
A ___, also known as a guide, is a subsection of hair that determines the length the hair will be cut, and is usually the first section cut when creating a shape.
Guideline
What did Chinese aristocrats rub onto their nails to color them crimson or ebony?
Gum arabic, gelatin, beeswax, and egg whites were rubbed onto their nails.
A board of fine, upright nails that is used to comb or detangle human hair extensions or to blend colors is called a___.
Hackle
The Greek word trichos means ___.
Hair
What is the outermost layer of hair?
Hair Cuticle
Which layer of the hair shaft creates the shine and the smooth, silky feel of healthy hair?
Hair Cuticle
Which term refers to a layer that protects the hair from penetration and prevents damage to hair fibers?
Hair Cuticle
Hair is composed of protein that grows from cells originating within the ___.
Hair Follicle
Hair flowing in the same direction, as the result of follicles sloping in the same direction, is known as a ___.
Hair Stream
A stylist should recommend a hair or scalp treatment only after having performed a ___.
Hair and scalp examination
A stylist should recommend a hair or scalp treatment only after having performed a what?
Hair and scalp examination
The thickened, club- like structure that forms the lower part of the hair root is the ___.
Hair bulb
Which element of hair design is used to define texture and line, in addition to linking design elements together?
Hair color
___ are secured to the base of the client's natural hair in order to add length, volume, texture, or color, and can be created from human hair, synthetic hair, or a blend of the two.
Hair extensions
What process involves temporarily straightening extremely curly hair by means of a heated comb?
Hair pressing
What part of the hair is located below the surface of the epidermis?
Hair root
What is the most widely used hairstyling product?
Hair spray
Hair flowing in the same direction, as the result of follicles sloping in the same direction is known as what?
Hair stream
___ shears, also known as scissors, are mainly used to cut blunt or straight lines in hair, to slide cut, point cut, or to implement other texturizing techniques.
Haircutting
During the shampoo procedure, apply small quantities of shampoo to the hair beginning at the ___.
Hairline
During the shampoo procedure, apply small quantities of shampoo to the hair beginning where?
Hairline
What is a small wig used to cover the top or crown of the head, or a hair attachment of some sort?
Hairpiece
What happened to hairstyling during the Golden Age of Greece?
Hairstyling became a highly developed art in Greece.
A professional ___ is responsible for educating clients about at- home maintenance and styling options for their hair.
Hairstylist
___ minimizes stress and tension on the hair.
Half off- base placement
What hairpiece is made by interesting individual strands of hair into mesh foundations and knotting them with a needle?
Hand- Knotted wig
What type of hairpiece has a natural, realistic look, are wonderful for styling, and most closely resemble actual human hair growth with flexibility at the roots?
Hand- knotted
When the eponychium or other living tissue surrounding the nail plate becomes split or torn a _______ occurs?
Hangnail
Combs that are used for thermal curling should be made of ___.
Hard rubber
In addition to attending school a cosmetologist must be what to work as a professional?
Hard working to work as a professional cosmetologist.
To "cure" means to ___.
Harden
Nonpathogenic bacteria are_____.
Harmless
Nonpathogenic bacteria is what?
Harmless
The five important principles in art and design- proportion, balance, rhythm, emphasis, and ___- are also the basis for hair design.
Harmony
The principle of hair design that holds all the elements of design together is ___.
Harmony
What is the conscious act of planning your life with daily, monthly, and yearly goals, instead of just letting things happens.
Having a game plan
What principles contribute to personal and professional success?
Having good life skills such as being helpful, kind, and responsibility.
Achieving balance within a design can be accomplished by understanding the ___ and reference points.
Head Shape
The location of the four corners signal a change in ___.
Head shape
The body's first line of defense against infection is____.
Healthy, uncompromised skin
What is the body's first line of defense against infection?
Healthy, uncompromised skin
In the 1980's, the beauty products were best described as?
Heavy eye shadow, and gentle hair colors in many shades
What does studying the history of cosmetology do?
Help you predict or understand current trends
Which disease is blood-borne and can cause liver damage?
Hepatitis
Which disease is bloodborne and can cause liver damage?
Hepatitis
What type of shampoo can leave the hair dry, brittle, porous, and causes fading in colored treated hair?
High- ph- shampoo
What type of shampoo can leave the hair dry, brittle, porous and causes fading in color treated hair?
High-pH shampoo
Brushing, massaging, or shampooing the scalp is not recommended if the scalp is irritated, prior to a chemical or haircolor service, of before/after a what service?
Highlighting
Brushing, massaging, or shampooing the scalp is not recommended if the scalp is irritated, prior to a chemical or haircolor service, or before/ after a ___ service.
Highlighting
In the restructuring process, coarse, resistant hair with a strong compact cuticle requires a chemical solution that is ___.
Highly alkaline
What was discouraged during the Renaissance?
Highly colored preparations of the lips, cheeks, and eyes were discouraged.
During a job interview, Oskar is asked to describe his code of moral and artistic values. What is he being asked to comment on?
His integrity
Sensitivity
Honesty is always the best policy, but practicing _____ will ensure that you think before you speak.
Which type of line is used to create width in the hair, extending in the same direction while maintaining a constant distance apart?
Horizontal Line
What type of haircutting lines are parallel to the floor and relative to the horizon?
Horizontal lines
Which treatment should be suggested to an individual with a simple hangnail?
Hot oil manicure
They Can Be Synthesized by the Body and Need Not be Obtained From Diet
How are nonessential amino acids different from other amino acids?
Three Times a Week
How often should you exercise for about 30 minutes in order to maintain good health habits?
In the braid- and- sew method of hair extensions, the angle of the track determines ___.
How the hair will fall
What substances absorb moisture or promote the retention of moisture in the hair?
Humectants
One disadvantage of using human hair is the hair's reaction to ___.
Humidity
A physical side bond that is easily broken by water and heat is a ___ bond.
Hydrogen
In permanent waving, the reduction reaction is due to the addition of ___.
Hydrogen
Products are classified as either alkaline solution or acidic solutions by measuring the amount of what in the solution?
Hydrogen
Products are classified as either an alkaline solution or an acidic solution by measuring the amount of ___ in the solution.
Hydrogen
What type of bond is broken by wetting the hair with water and is reformed when the hair dries?
Hydrogen Bond
What is the active ingredient in all hydroxide relaxers?
Hydrogen ion
What is the most common neutralizer ?
Hydrogen peroxide
The three different types of side bonds that link chains of amino acids together are ___.
Hydrogen, Salt, and Disulfide
The term pH is an abbreviation used for potential ___, and the symbol pH represents the quantity of ___ ions in solution.
Hydrogen; Hydrogen
What term describes the water- attracting head of a surfactant molecule?
Hydrophilic
What term describes the water-attracting head of a surfactant molecule?
Hydrophilic
The difference in the strength of most chemical hair relaxers is determined by the concentration of ___.
Hydroxide
The condition of abnormal hair growth of terminal hair is called what?
Hypertrichosis
The condition of abnormal hair growth of terminal hair is referred to as ___.
Hypertrichosis
If you clip the skin under your nail between the fingertip and free edge, what did you clip?
Hyponychium
What is the slightly thickened layer of skin that lies between fingertip and the free edge of the natural nail plate?
Hyponychium
Neutral
If a dilute arises among your salon team members, it is important for you as a fellow team member to remain respectful, objectives, and _____.
Why is it important to build your self-esteem?
If you are high in this than the rest of your skills and inner strengths will grow
Beauty professionals are often held to a higher image standards by clients because they view beauty professionals as what?
Image experts
Liquids that are not capable of being mixed together to form stable solutions
Immiscible
What was a major invention 1932, and the brand name was Revlon?
In 1932, nail polish was invented by Charles Revson and the formula was taken from car paint.
Customer sevice
In cosmetology, _____ is the cornerstone of success.
Discuss upkeep and maintenance
In which step of the consultation would you counsel clients on salon maintenance, lifestyle limitations, and home maintenance commitments?
Hair density ranges from thick to thin and is measured per square ___.
Inch
What is one of the best ways for a business owner to protect personal assets?
Incorporating
An ___ is the point where curls of opposite direction meet, forming a recessed area.
Indentation
A small salon that is owned by an individual or two or more partners is called an ___.
Independent salon
Most commercially- used human hair comes from ___.
India and Asia
A salon that is owned and operated by an individual is referred to as a ___.
Individual ownership
Invasion of body tissues by disease-causing pathogenic bacteria can result in a(n)____.
Infection
Invasion of body tissues by disease-causing pathogenic bacteria in a what?
Infection
Redness, pain, and swelling are the best describes as signs of a _____?
Infection
When researching potential employment opportunities, it is important that the stylist make ____.
Informed comparisons
UV or LED gels cure with a tacky surface called an ___
Inhibition layer
Leukonychia spots result from ____?
Injury to the nail Matrix
The edge of a flat iron that is nearest to the stylist is called the ___.
Inner edge
The study of substances that do not contain the element carbon, but may contain the element hydrogen
Inorganic Chemistry
The ___ for design are likely yo come from many sources; movies, TV, magazines, videos, even a person on the street- anywhere, at any time.
Inspiration
What action best illustrates the use of ergonomic principles in a salon?
Installing hydraulic chairs which raise and lower
During a relaxer strand test, hair that is pressed to the scalp and continues to curl is ___.
Insufficiently relaxed
A ___ hairpiece has openings in the base, through which the client's own hair is pulled to blend with the ( natural or synthetic) hair of the hairpiece.
Integration
The hair, skin, nails, and glands are part of the ___ system.
Integumentary
The natural nail is part of what system?
Integumentary
The hair, skin, nails, and glands are apart of what system?
Integumentary system
During the Renaissance, the unusual practice of shaving the eyebrows and hairline was performed to show a greater expanse of forehead. A brow-less forehead was thought to give women a look of a greater what?
Intelligence
The invisible braid, also known as the ___ braid, is a three- strand braid that is produced with an overhand technique, or overlapping the strands of hair.
Inverted
An atom or molecule that carries an electrical charge
Ion
Synthetic hair has a great value, is very realistic, and ___ human hair.
Is less expensive than
Buffing after surface filing ...___.
Is not necessary
What is the importance of posture?
It can prevent chronic neck and back pain, and projects a professional attitude
What is true about the nail plate?
It is more porous than normal skin of equal thickness
What does the saying mean "you are a walking billboard mean?"
It means how your clothes, hair, skin, makeup, and nails look reflects your cosmetology skills
Which description is most accurate of fine, thin hair?
It needs weight and is limp
Which three countries are primarily responsible for manufacturing the steel used to make professional shear?
Japan, Germany, and the United States
___ combines the use of a thio relaxer with flat ironing
Japanese thermal straighteners
Top- of- the line synthetic hair, like ___, simulate protein- rich hair with a natural, lustrous look and feel.
Kanekalon
Which manufactured synthetic fiber is used for hair extensions that is durable, soft, and less inclined to tangle than many other synthetics?
Kanekalon
Lana wants to improve her selling skills. Which technique is good for her to remember?
Keep the best interests of the client as your top priority
FDA and state regulatory agencies require the SDSs be what?
Kept available in the salon for all products used in the salon
OSHA and state regulatatory agencies require that SDSs be____.
Kept available in the salon for all products used in the salon.
What is a fibrous protein that is the principal component of hair and nails?
Keratin
What type of shampoo is manufactured with artificial protein molecules added to the base to cling to the natural protein in the hair and give it extra strength?
Keratin
____- based chemical treatments used for smoothing or straightening are now more readily available but still not considered completely permanent.
Keratin
what type of shampoo is manufactured with artificial protein molecules added to the base to cling to the natural protein in the hair and give it extra strength?
Keratin
What are long, coiled polypeptide chains linked together end-to-end like beads?
Keratin proteins
The hair shaft that emerges from the scalp is a nonliving fiber composed of ___.
Keratinized Protein
The hair shaft emerges from the scalp is composed of what type of nonliving fiber?
Keratinized protein
Phenolic disinfectants are what?
Known as carinogens
Phenolic disinfectants are_____.
Known carcinogens
Which substance was created by Ancient Egyptians from a mixture of ground galena, sulfur, and animal fat?
Kohl
What is the term cosmetology in Greek, and what does it mean?
Kosmetikos meaning skilled in using cosmetics
Hydroxide chemical relaxers break disulfide bonds and convert them to ___ bonds.
Lanthionine
Hydroxide relaxers remove a sulfur atom from a disulfide bond, converting it into a ___.
Lanthionine bond
Vellus hair is also known as ___ hair.
Lanugo
What is another name for vellus hair?
Lanugo hair
Which New York chemist introduced the first permanent haircolor in 1932 and founded a company called Clariol in 1935?
Lawrence Gelb
Haircuts that generally have less weight than graduated haircuts are called ____.
Layered cuts
What is a written agreement with a building owner that outlines the responsibilities for repairs and expenses?
Lease
Ancient Egyptians were the first civilizations to infuse essential oils from what for the use as perfumes and for purification purposes?
Leaves and blossoms
Capless wigs are more popular than cap wigs as they are ready- to- wear and ___.
Less expensive
Minor damage to the Matrix that produces a whitish discoloration or white spots on the nail is known as ___?
Leukonychia
Together, the active stage and inactive, or spore-forming, stage of bacteria are referred to as the ______.
Life cycle of bacteria
Together, the active stage, and inactive or spore-forming, stage of bacteria are referred to as the what?
Life cycle of the bacteria
When making recommendations to a client regarding hair style or color, which of the following criteria should be used?
Lifestyle, face shape, and hair type
The tough band of fibrous tissue that connects bones is called what?
Ligament
The nail bed and matrix bed are attached to the underlying bone by what?
Ligaments
The difference between light cured gels is the type of photoinitiator used in the formula and the measure of ___ to which that photoinitiator responds to.
Light
Use a ___ to draw a line in a hairstyle in the direction you want the eye to travel.
Light color
What type of nail enhancement product hardens when exposed to UV light, and is also known as a UV and LED gel?
Light cured gel
After heating, the temperature of the pressing comb so that it will hold heat evenly along its entire length and provide consistent results.
Light paper
An imported wool fiber available in black or brown with a matte finish that is used in hair extensions is ___.
Lin
A ___ is a thin, continuous mark, curved or straight, used as a guide while cutting hair.
Line
What element of hair design defines form and space, while creating the shape, design, and movement of a hairstyle?
Line
Having an affinity for or an attraction to fat and oils
Lipophilic
___, also known as texturizers, are styling products that are lighter and less viscous than firm- hold gels, making them ideal to use for easy styling, defining, and molding.
Liquid gels
Reflective listening
Listening to the client and then repeating, in your own words, what you think the client is telling you is known as _____.
A pimple or abscess is an example of a what?
Local infection
A pimple or an abcess is an example of a_____.
Local infection
Onychomadesis is the separation and falling off of a nail plate and can typically be traced to?
Local infection
Which term refers to separate networks of curl, textured hair that have been intertwined and meshed together?
Locks
Multiples of 10
Logarithm
A ___ is a basic haircut, cut at a 90- degree elevation and then overdirected to maintain length and weight at the perimeter.
Long- layered cut
A longer nail matrix produces what type of nail?
Longer
___, also known as circle rods, are usually about 12 inches long with a uniform diameter along the entire length of the rod, and are secured by fastening the ends together to form a loop.
Loop rods
When using heat on human hair wigs, the temperature setting on the styling tool should be ___.
Low
___ waves are permanent solutions based on sulfites, considered very weak, and are usually marketed as body waves or alternative waves.
Low pH
Shoes worn by stylists while working int the salon should be comfortable, closed-toes, provide arch support, and what?
Low-heeled
What shows the true color of the matrix?
Lunula
Sodium hydroxide relaxers are commonly called ___.
Lye- relaxers
What is the least expensive wig option?
Machine- made
What type of hairpiece is made by feeding wefts through a sewing machine, then stitching them together to form the base and shape of the wig?
Machine- made wigs
How did magazines change in the 1920's?
Magazines started to put out cosmetics ad, which used to be deamed improper.
Developing and applying sound life skills build a foundation for a successful for a successful career in salons and spas? Which life skill is most important for a cosmetologist?
Maintaining a cooperative attitude
Counselor
Maintaining an appropriate client relationship means that you do not attempt to fulfill the role of _____ with any client.
The maintenance of healthy skin and the careful application of what enhances your best facial features promotes your professional image?
Makeup
Current research confirms that dandruff is a result of a fungus called what?
Malassezia
Current research confirms that dandruff is the result of a fungus called ___.
Malassezia
Modern antidandruff shampoos, conditioner, and topical lotions contain anti-fungal agents that control dandruff by suppressing the growth of bacteria called what?
Malessezia
Modern antidandruff shampoos, conditioners, and topical lotions contain antifungal agents that control dandruff by suppressing the growth of a bacteria called ___.
Malessezia
Who invented a heavily wired machine that supplied electrical current to metal rods around which hair strands were wrapped?
Marcel Grateau
Who invented the first curling iron in 1872?
Marcel Grateau
Who invented the curling iron?
Marcel Gâteau invented this.
What is contraindicated or not recommended, for clients with sever, uncontrolled hypertension?
Massage
___ is contraindicated, or not recommended, for clients with severe, uncontrolled hypertension.
Massage
Normal, healthy nails grow in a variety of shapes, depending on the shape of the what?
Matrix
The area of the nail where the nail plate cells are formed is the what?
Matrix
What is the nail plate formed by?
Matrix cells
Any substance that occupies space and has mass
Matter
Which Polish immigrant americanized his name in 1908 and moved to Los Angeles. where he began making and selling makeup?
Max Factor
Why was Max Factor's makeup very popular with movie stars?
Max Factor's makeup did not cake-up or crack under hot lights.
What should be the primary concern when planning and constructing the physical layout of a salon?
Maximum efficiency
Shampoos contain special chemicals or drugs that are effective in reducing dandruff or relieving other scalp conditions, and may sometimes be prescribed by a physician?
Medicated
___ shampoos contain special chemicals or drugs that are effective in reducing dandruff or relieving other scalp conditions, and may sometimes be prescribed by a physician.
Medicated
Wavy, ___ hair offers the most versatility in styling.
Medium
Which layer of hair is the innermost layer of the hair, and often called the pitch or core of the hair?
Medulla
In order to have a successful business, a top priority in the allotment of funds is to ___.
Meet payroll obligations
All natural hair color is the result of pigment called ___.
Melanin
All natural hair colors are a result of a pigment called what?
Melanin
The statum germinativum is composed of several layers with special cells that produce a dark skin pigment called ___.
Melanin
The tiny grains of pigment deposited in cells that provide skin with its color are ___.
Melanin
___ helps protect sensitive cells from UV rays.
Melanin
What is the name of the special cell in the stratum germinativum, responsible for producing dark skin pigment?
Melanocytes
A dark band within the nail plate extending from the base to the free Edge due to increased pigmentation is known as ________?
Melanonychia
Which relaxer contains only one component and is used without mixing?
Metal hydroxide relaxers
___, often found in home haircoloring products, leave a coating on the hair that may cause uneven curls, severe discoloration, or hair breakage.
Metallic salts
Diedre enjoys spending extra time with her clients and building relationships with each of them. Which type of salon might be particularly suitable for her?
Mid- priced, full- service
What fungus affects plants or grows on inanimate objects but does not cause human infections in the salon?
Mildew
Which fungus affects plants or grows on inanimate objects but does not cause human infections in the salon?
Mildew
You should use the ___ degree of tension when cutting hair with strong growth patterns, or around the ears, to compensate for the hair being pushed up when it dries.
Minimum
Liquids that are mutually soluble, meaning that they can be mixed together to form stable solutions
Miscible
One essential part of any business is what, which established the purpose and values of an institution, provides a sense of direction by defining guiding principles and clarifying goals, and functions as the foundation for the business operation?
Mission statement
Which section of the business plan provides a description of the key strategic influences of the business, such as the market it will serve, the kinds of services it will offer, and the quality of those services?
Mission statement
A chemical combination of two or more atoms in definite (fixed) proportions
Molecule
What is the technical term for beaded hair?
Monilethrix
What is the technical term for bearded hair?
Monilethrix
Chemical services performed on hair with low porosity require a ___ solution.
More Alkaline
Chemical services performed on hair with low porosity require what kind of solutions?
More alkaline
The drive to take the necessary action to achieve a goal is known as ___.
Motivation
Despite what emotions a person feels, what skills will help people move to the next level in their career?
Motivation and self-management
Which type of nerve fibers carry impulses from the brain to the muscle?
Motor
Styling foam, a light, airy, whipped styling product that resembles shaving foam, is also called ___.
Mouse
Stressful, repetitive motions have a cumulative effect on joints and what?
Muscles
What item would be multi-use?
NIppers, shears,combs, metal pushers, rollers, permanent rods
Which of the following may appear to be one solid piece, but is actually constructed of about 100 layers of nail cells?
Nail Plate
What is the portion of living skin that supports the nail plate?
Nail bed
What portion of the skin on which the nail plate rests?
Nail bed
Which part of the nail unit is richly supplied with blood vessels with nerves?
Nail bed
Which part of the fingernail would sweat?
Nail folds
Depending on a manufacturer recommendations, clear plastic ___ are sometimes used to allow UV and LED radiation to penetrate from the underside for more complete curing of the free edge.
Nail forms
As it grows, what slides across the nail bed?
Nail plate
Nail polish is applied to where?
Nail plate
What was first marketed by Charles Revson in 1932, and glamorized by early screen sirens, Jean Harlow and Gloria Swanson, in their early motion pictures?
Nail polish
Tiny pits or severe roughness on the surface of the nail plate is an indication of _____?
Nail psoriasis
The ___ area is defined as the area at the back part of the neck and consists of the hair below the occipital bone.
Nape
As a person ages, parts of the nail matrix begins to permanently slow down production, which causes what?
Narrow grooves running down the length of the nail plate
Brush with what type of bristles have tiny overlapped layers or scales, which clean and add luster to the hair
Natural
Brushes with ___ bristles have many tiny overlapping layers or scales, which clean and add luster to the hair.
Natural
Hairstyling that does not alter the natural curl or coil patterns of hair is known as ___.
Natural hairstyling
A ___ strip is less bulky than terry cloth towels and will allow a natural fall to the hair for more precision while cutting.
Neck
What kind of strip is less bulky than terry cloth towels and will allow a natural fall to the hair for more precision while cutting?
Neck
What is the technique of establishing contacts that may eventually lead to employment opportunities?
Networking
If a dispute arises among your salon team members, it is important for you as a fellow team member to remain respectful, objective, and what?
Neutral
Holding the wrists in a what position while using implements can help prevent injuries?
Neutral postion
A ___ shampoo is designed to re- balance the pH level of your hair by neutralizing any alkali and unwanted residues in the hair.
Neutralizing
What type of shampoo is designed to re-balance pH level of your hair by neutralizing any alkali and unwanted residues in hair?
Neutralizing
Subatomic particles with no charge
Neutrons
When handling a scheduling mix-up with a clients, it is recommended that you do what?
Never argue and always be polite
Which item is an example of a multi-use tool?
Nippers
What type of gloves are considered best choice for use in nail services because thery are more durable marterial and help eliminate the possibilty of latex allergy?
Nitrile
____gloves are considered the best choice for use in nail services because they are made of more durable material and help eliminate the possibility of latex allergy.
Nitrile
What is a hydroxide relaxer that does not require the application of a protective base?
No- base relaxer
What type of curl is placed directly on the base of the curl and produces a tight, firm, long- lasting curl and allows minimum mobility?
No- stem curl
Who coined the term "day spa" in the late 1980's?
Noel Decprio
Products that do not remove artificial color from the hair are considered to be ___.
Nonstripping
Products that do not remove artificial color from the hair are considered to be what?
Nonstripping
Which conditioner contains an acidic pH that restores the hair's natural pH and should be used after a hydroxide relaxer?
Normalizing lotion
What event, which was first held in 1989, with only five categories for awards?
North American Hairstyling Awards (NAHA)
___ is another version of point cutting, in which a more aggressive technique is used to create a chunkier effect.
Notching
Shears that are designed to remove more hair, with larger teeth set farther apart, are known as ___.
Notching shears
The dense, active structure at the center of the cell is the ____.
Nucleus
___ is extension material that may cut or break the hair and melt with the application of excessive heat.
Nylon
After the filing procedure, remove dust and filings with a clean and disinfected ___.
Nylon brush
What federal agency requires that the ingredients of cosmetic preparations be available to employees?
OSHA
___ provides guidelines for protecting cosmetologists from chemicals that can affect your health
OSHA
What bone protrudes at the base of the skull?
Occipital bone
Placed completely off their base, ___ curls offer a curl option with only slight lift and volume.
Off- base
Abbreviated O/W emulsion; oil droplets emulsified in water
Oil in Water Emulsion
The lipophilic tail of a surfactant molecule is considered to be ___.
Oil- attracting
The lipophilic tail of a surfactant molecule is considered to be what?
Oil-attracting
A short chain of monomers that is not long enough to be considered a polymer is an ____.
Oligomer
If possible, a simple resume should have ___ page.
One
Clients who wish to wear colored polish over nail enhancements should use the ___.
One- color method
Inflammation of the nail Matrix followed by shedding of the natural nail plate is known as ____?
Onychia
An ingrown nail is also called an?
Onychocryptosis
The lifting of the nail plate from the bed without shedding is a sign of?
Onycholysis
_______ may be caused by an allergic reaction of the nail bed?
Onycholysis
Which of the following is an infectious nail condition?
Onychomycosis
______ refers to a fungal infection of the nail?
Onychomycosis
An individual who bites his or her nails may be said to have ___?
Onychophagy
Split or brittle nails with a series of lengthwise ridges in a rough appearance to the surface of the nail plate is known as ________?
Onychorrhexis
Mariah has a nail deformity, the general term for her condition is?
Onychosis
What is the technical name for the nail?
Onyx
The amount of colored pigment concentration in a gel is called ___.
Opacity
What are the pin curls that produce even, smooth waves and uniform curls?
Open-center curls
The study of substances that contain the element carbon
Organic Chemistry
Which section of the business plan describes the administrative structure of the business?
Organizational plan
What is the cross- section shape of curly hair?
Oval
What is the cross-section shape of curly hair?
Oval
Which facial shape is 1 1/2 times longer than its width across the brow?
Oval face
Most braided styles are appropriate for ___.
Oval face shapes
A simple, quick stitch that can be used to secure the entire length of a weft to a track is the ___.
Overcast stitch
What technique should be used to create a length increase in the design of graduated and layered haircuts?
Overdirection
Hair that has too many broken disulfide bonds and will not hold a firm curl is considered ___.
Overprocessed
A chemical reaction that combines a substance with oxygen to produce an oxide
Oxidation
AKA redox; a chemical reaction in which the oxidizing agent is reduced and the reducing agent is oxidized
Oxidation Reduction
Substance that releases oxygen
Oxidizing Agent
Specialized clothing or equipment worn by an employee for protection against a hazardis called____
PPE- personal protective equipment
What are the large, flat brushes with staggered pin patterns that are used for mid- to longer- hair length?
Paddle brushes
The method of locking where portions of hair are placed between the palms of both hands and rolled in a clockwise or counterclockwise directions is called ___.
Palm roll
What is the best way to maintain control of the subsection when cutting with a vertical or diagonal cutting line?
Palm- to- palm
___ reduces strain on the index finger and thumb while cutting the hair.
Palming the shears
All perm wraps begin by sectioning the hair into ___.
Panels
The outermost layer of the dermis is the ___ layer.
Papillary
What layer of the dermis houses the nerve endings that provide skin with its color is ____.
Papillary Layer
What is a small, round elevation on the skin that contains no fluid but may develop pus?
Papule
Organisms that grow, feed, and find shelter on or in a host organism are called____.
Parasites
Organisms that grow, feed, and find shelter on or in a host organisms are called what?
Parasites
What is the widest part of the head, starting at the temples and ending at the bottom of the crown, that can be found by placing a comb flat on the side of the head?
Parietal ridge
What is the line dividing the hair at the scalp, separating one section from another to create subsections?
Parting
What term refers to an infestation of the hair and scalp with head lice?
Pediculosis Capitis
What term refers to an infestation of the hair and scalp with head lice?
Pediculosis capitis
A salon can be thought of as a team environment that requires that you practice and perfect your ___.
People skills
Which chemical bonds, also known as end bonds, join amino acids together, end-to-end in long chains, to form a polypeptide chain?
Peptide bonds
What is the unhealthy compulsion to do things perfectly due to the fear of taking risks and making mistakes?
Perfectionism
A no-fragrance salon policy protects clients who have chemical sensitivities or allergies and stipulates that team members cannot wear what?
Perfume
Chemically infused services that make changes in the natural texture, curl, or wave pattern in the hair are considered ___.
Permanent
Hair that has been treated with a hydroxide relaxer is unfit for ___ and will not hold a curl.
Permanent waving
___ is a two- step process in which the hair first undergoes a physical change caused by wrapping the hair on perm rods, and then a chemical change caused by the application of permanent waving solution and neutralizer.
Permanent waving
Specialized clothing or equipment worn by an employee for protection against a hazard is called what?
Personal Protective equipment
What involves the process of caring of the body parts of the body maintaining an overall polished look?
Personal grooming
What term refers to the daily maintenance of cleanliness through the practice of good healthful habits?
Personal hygiene
The melanin produced by the body that is red to yellow in color is ___.
Pheomelanin
What pigment in hair provides natural colors ranging from red and ginger to yellow and blond tones?
Pheomelanin
What pigment in the hair provides natural colors ranging from red to ginger to yellow and blond tones?
Pheomelanin
Which promotion method is an example of social media?
Photo sharing sites such as Instagram
What chemical initiates the polymerization reaction?
Photoinitiator
When making color recommendations to a client it is import to ensure you are both speaking the same language, using what is one way to eliminate confusion and eliminate the possibility of a color mistake?
Photos
characteristics that can be determined without a chemical reaction and that do not cause a chemical change in the substance
Physical Properties
What term best describes your posture, as well as the way you walk and move?
Physical presentation
Clients with skin or nails that are infected, inflamed, or swollen should be referred to a _____?
Physician
If you encounter a client with any open wounds, reddened scalp irritations, abnormal scalp flaking, or infectious disease, discontinue the service(s) and refer them immediately and tactfully to a(n) ___.
Physician
Which tool is useful for lifting and separating textured hair?
Pick with rounded teeth
What is another name for the double- rod wrap technique?
Piggyback wrap
Melanocytes are _______?
Pigment cells
Which gel can be a building gel or self- leveling gel that includes color pigment?
Pigmented gel
___ curls serve as a basis for patterns, lines, waves, curls, and rolls that are used in a wide range of hairstylists and can be used on all types of hair, including straight, permanent waved, or naturally curly hair.
Pin
What is the medical term used to describe dandruff?
Pityriasis
What is a severe type of dandruff characterized by an accumulation of greasy or waxy scalp scales mixed with sebum?
Pityriasis Steatoides
What is a severe type of dandruff characterized by an accumulation of greasy or waxy scales mixed with sebum?
Pityriasis steadoides
If an exposure incident should occur, all disposable contaminated objects should be what?
Placed in a plastic bag which is then
if an exposure incident should occur, all disposable contaminated objects should be_____.
Placed in a plastic bag which is then placed in a closed trash container with a liner bag.
If an exposure incident should occur, all disposable contaminated objects should be what?
Placed in a plastic bag which is then thrown out
To be successful in sales, you need ambition, determination, and a ___.
Pleasing Personality
The twist, also referred to as the French ___, is a classic long hairstyle that is popular in the salon for clients attending formal functions.
Pleat
A highly curved nail plate often called a "folded nail", caused by injury to the matrix or inherited, is a _____?
Plicatured nail
_______ often leads to ingrown nails?
Plicatured nails
Square paddle brushes are ___ because they have a cushion of air in the head that makes the bristles collapse when they encounter too much resistance.
Pneumatic
Which element is considered the hallmark of professionalism?
Politeness
A long chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds are called what kind of chain?
Polypeptide
A long chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds is called a ___ chain.
Polypeptide
The ability of the hair to absorb moisture is hair ___.
Porosity
What is the ability of the hair to absorb moisture?
Porosity
Temporary hair loss experienced at the end of a pregnancy is called ___.
Postpartum Alopecia
Temporary hair loss experienced at the end of pregnancy is called what?
Postpartum alopecia
Maintaining good ___ while shampooing will prevent unnecessary muscle aches, back strain, and fatigue.
Posture
Sitting or standing with your back straight, head and shoulders held high, neck balanced, and the chest opened up and out are guidelines for a good what?
Posture
Which of the following are relaxers often marketed and sold as no mix- no lye relaxers?
Potassium hydroxide relaxers
The sealer or finisher layer of a UV or LED gel product covers the entire nail surface and is wrapped under the natural free edge to ___.
Prevent lifting
What is the key to avoiding problems with posture and movements?
Prevention
When opening a new business, the location selected should reflect your ___.
Primary clientele
The second ingredient listed in most shampoos is the ___, or base detergent, which contains the surface active cleaning agents.
Primary surfactant
The second ingredient listed in most shampoos is the what, or base detergent, which contains the surface active cleaning agents?
Primary surfactant
What means to order tasks on a to-do-list from most important on least important?
Prioritizing
Someone who recognizes and resolves difficult situations constructively is a ___.
Problem solver
Exothermic waves create a chemical reaction that heats the waving solution and speeds up ___.
Processing
What symptom of faulty organization results from scheduling too many tasks at one time and then putting then off to complete at a later date?
Procrastination
What are three habits mentioned in your text that can keep you from maintaining peak performance?
Procrastination, perfectionism, and lack of a game plan
A salary- plus- commission structure is used to motivate practitioners to increase ___.
Productivity
Professional behavior, a positive attitude, team camaraderie, good communication skills, and proper ergonomics are factors that assist in creating a what?
Professional image
The impression that you project through both your outward appearance and your conduct in the workplaces is your what?
Professional image
What is a collection of photos and images of a stylist's work that she or he can use during the consultation to assist a client in making decisions about style and color?
Professional portfolio
A client's ___ is how he or she looks from the side and can be best viewed by pulling the hair away from the face and up and away from the neck.
Profile
The outline of the face, head, and figure seen in a side view is known as the ___.
Profile
Being-well groomed advertise the beauty professional's what of the beauty industry?
Promotion of
It takes the combination of resin, photoinitiator, and a ___ to cause the gel to cure.
Proper curing gel
The comparative relationship of one thing to another in hair design is called ___.
Proportion
Light cured gel products are packaged in small, opaque pots or squeeze bottles for ___.
Protection from UV exposure
The natural nail is composed of hair, fiber-shaped what?
Protein
What type of conditioner are products designed to penetrate the cortex and reinforce the hair shaft from within while temporarily reconstructing the hair?
Protein
___ conditioners are products designed to penetrate the cortex and reinforce the hair shaft from within while temporarily reconstructing the hair.
Protein
What are two conditioning agents that help restore moisture and elasticity to the hair shaft?
Protein and Biotin
What are two conditioning agents that help restore moister and elasticity to the hair shaft?
Protein and biotin
What substances are comprised of long, coiled, complex polypeptides made of amino acids?
Proteins
Subatomic particles with a positive charge
Protons
Bacteria generally consists of an outer cell wall containing a liquid called what?
Protoplasm
Bacteria generally consits of an outer cell wall containing a liquid called_____.
Protoplasm
Nina is worried about taking the written licensing examination because she has a learning disability that affects her reading skills. Which action should she consider?
Provide documentation of her disability and ask for an accommodation, such as additional time to take the exam.
A naturally occurring skin bacterium that can grow out of control and cause nail infections, incorrectly referred to as mold, is ________?
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Which element is central to the salon business for both clients and coworkers?
Punctuality
a chemical combination of matter in definite (fixed) proportions
Pure Substance
A sign of a bacterial infection is the presence of what?
Pus
A sign of a bacterial infection is the presence of_____.
Pus
Definition of procrastination:
Putting off until tomorrow when you can do it today
Francesca is looking forward to a long weekend. Before she leaves work, her manager asks her if she can work on both Friday and Saturday because another cosmetologist has a family emergency. She agrees to do so. Francesca's reaction is best described as ___.
Putting others first
Severe inflammation of the nail in which a lump of red tissue grows up from the nail bed to the nail plate is called ____?
Pyogenic granuloma
What is a safe and useful type of disinfectant, commonly called quats?
Quaternary ammonium compounds
Which queen erected a personal cosmetics factory next to the Dead Sea?
Queen Cleopatra
Which ancient queen had her own personal cosmetics factory, and where?
Queen Cleopatra had a factory next to the Dead Sea.
Which ancient queen used custom blend-blended essential oils as signature scents?
Queen Nefertiti
When testing synthetic hair or fibers by burning, the hair will either ball up and melt, or burn ___.
Quickly with slight or no odor
Scheduling clients for their next appointment before they leave that salon is known as ___.
Rebooking
A curved part is used for a high forehead or ___.
Receding hairline
The first and last person who has contact with a client visiting the salon is typically the ___.
Receptionist
The important job of booking appointments and greeting clients is generally the responsibility of the ___.
Receptionist
Mica just started a new job and gives shampoos, restocks stations, and works the front desk. She is rarely involved with the newer types of styling that she enjoys the most. How should she respond?
Recognize that entry- level jobs often involve performing tasks that might not be her first choice.
Good business operations require a simple and efficient ___.
Record system
___ base pin curls are usually recommended at the side front hairline for a smooth, upswept effect.
Rectangular
What are some natural products that ancient people use for coloring matter and tattooing?
Red earth
In Rome, what color of hair indicated a woman belonged to the Noble Class?
Red indicated women belonged to the Noble class.
a substance that adds hydrogen to a chemical compound or subtracts oxygen from the compound
Reducing agent
Once in the cortex, the waving solution breaks the disulfide bonds through a chemical reaction called ___.
Reduction
If you encounter a client with any open wounds, reddened scalp irritation, abnormal scalp flaking, or infectious disease, discontinue the service and do what?
Refer them to a physician
Surfaces on the head where the head changes, such as the ears, jawline, and occipital bone, are referred to as ___.
Reference points
To prepare for questions that may be asked during an employment interview, it is important to ___.
Reflect on the answers in advanced
Listening to the client and then repeating, in your own words, what you think the client is telling you is known as what?
Reflective listening
Providing skilled and competent services, being honest, courteous, and sincere; maintaining client confidentiality; participating in education; and distributing accurate information are five actions of what kind of behavior?
Regulatory
Hair in which the root end of every single strand is sewn into the base is called ___.
Remi hair
Bending forward and/or twisiting your body to get closer to your client, gripping or squeezing your implements too tightly, and holding you arms too far away from you body is examples of what?
Repetitive motions
In the cosmetology industry or service industry, putting clients first is ___.
Required
Which item is included in the "Identification" section of the MSDS?
Restrictions on product use
Recommending professional products to clients for at- home care is known as ___.
Retailing
The deeper layer of the dermis that supplies the skin with oxygen and nutrients is the ____.
Reticular Layer
What is the first step in the 10-Step Consultation method?
Review the intake form
The regular pulsation or recurrent pattern of movement in a design is known as the ___.
Rhythm
Forcing hair between the thumb and the back of the comb to create tension is called ___.
Ribboning
Who among the following is exemplifying good salon teamwork?
Rochelle, who pitches in to fold towels when she is not busy with clients
The ___ indicates the method of gauging the hardness of the metal (steel) of an individual shear in order to ensure that it maintains a sharp edge for an extended period of time.
Rockwell hardness
A ___ braid is created with two strands that are twisted around each other.
Rope
Backbrushing, also known as ___, is used to build a soft cushion or to mesh two or more curl patterns together for a uniform and smooth comb out.
Ruffing
As of June 2015, both federal and state laws require that manufacturers supply a what for all chemical products manufactured and sold?
SDS
Information about the ingredients in cosmetic preparations and other products are included in a ___.
SDS
As of June 2015, both federal and state laws require that manufacturers supply a(n)____for all chemical products manufactured and sold.
SDS ( saftey data sheet) previously known as material saftey data sheet.
A stockholder of a corporation is required to pay unemployment insurance taxes on his/her ___.
Salary
Misha gets paid $15 dollars an hour. If he works 40 hours in a week, he is paid $600 before withholding. His pay plan is known as ___.
Salary
What is the most reliable method of compensation for a new salon professional?
Salary
Brigida is paid based on an hourly rate as well as a percentage of whatever products she sells. Her pay plan is known as ___.
Salary plus commission
A what is the person who is responsible for hiring and training staff, and will also be instrumental in helping you achieve your professional goals?
Salon manager
Which relation has a vested interest in the success of the stylist?
Salon manager
A weak, physical, cross- link side bond between adjacent polypeptide chains that is broken by changes in pH is a ___ bond.
Salt
Which bonds are relatively weak physical side bonds resulting from an attraction between negative and positive electrical charges and are easily broken by changed in pH?
Salt bonds
Who was a child of former slaves, and was a pioneer in the modern African American hair care and cosmetics industry?
Sarah Breedlove
What is a contagious skin disease that is caused by itch mite?
Scabies
What is a contagious skin disease that is caused by the itch mite?
Scabies
What is a highly contagious skin disease caused by a parasite called a mite?
Scabies
What is the highly contagious skin disease caused by a parasite called a mite?
Scabies
The traditional cornrow is flat, natural, and contoured to the ___.
Scalp
During a dry hair and scalp treatment, a ___, which resembles a hooded dryer, can be used to help resolve the moisture balance in the hair.
Scalp Steamer
Which type of conditioning agent is used after a scalp treatment and before styling to remove oil accumulation from the scalp?
Scalp astringent lotions
During a dry hair and scalp treatment, what can be used to help resolve the moisture balance in the hair?
Scalp steamer
Jasmine wants to make sure she rebooks clients as much as possible. Which approach would be best?
Scheduling the next appointment while the client is still in the salon
Oil glands that are connected to hair follicles are also called ___.
Sebaceous Glands
What severe form of dandruff is accompanied by redness and inflammation?
Seborrheic Dermatitis
What severe form of dandruff is accompanied by redness and inflammation?
Seborrheic dermatitis
The substance secreted by the sebaceous glands is called ___.
Sebum
What is the oily substance secreted by the skin's oil glands that lubricates the hair and skin?
Sebum
What is the working area of the hair that is separated prior to cutting?
Section
For control during haircutting, the hair is parted into working areas called___.
Sections
Fresh water from lakes and streams is purified by ___, in which matter is allowed to sink to the bottom of the collecting reservoir.
Sedimentation
Fresh water from lakes and streams is purified by what, in which matter is allowed to sink to the bottom of the collecting reservoir?
Sedimentation
How can a licensed cosmetologist best keep abreast of new trends, techniques, products, and information?
Seek continuing education opportunties
What is the process of fulfilling one's full potential over the period of a lifetime?
Self-actualization
What are the four primary aspects of ethical professionals, as mentioned in your text?
Self-care, integrity, discretion, and communication
What is based on inner strength and begins with trusting your ability to achieve set goals?
Self-esteem
Which gel is used to enhance thickness of the overlay while providing a smoother surface?
Self-leveling gel
What type of hairpiece is constructed with a combination of synthetic hair and hand- tied human hair?
Semi-hand- tied wig
After your salon visit, it is customary to ___.
Send a thank- you note
A combination of understanding, empathy, compassion, responsiveness, and acceptance can best be described as what?
Sensitivity
Honesty if always the best policy, but practicing what will ensure that you think before you speak?
Sensitivity
Which body part sends messages to the brain?
Sensory Nerve Fibers
What is the client's permanent progress record of services received and contains the results formulations, products used during service as well as any sensitivities or allergies?
Service record card
When choosing a salon for employment opportunities, it is critical to choose one that ___.
Services the type of clients you wish to serve
A ___ draping is also known as a wet draping.
Shampoo
One of the most important experiences that a stylist provides is a ___.
Shampoo
One of the most important experiences that a stylist provides is a what?
Shampoo
What kind of draping is also known as wet draping?
Shampoo draping
To make sure your hair looks well-groomed at all times, what do you need to do?
Shampoo your hair regularly
A ___ is a section of hair that is molded in a circular movement in preparation for the formation of curls.
Shaping
Before purchasing ___, the stylist should inquire about the manufacturing, steel quality, and the right blade edge.
Shears
A hair form should be in proportion to the shape of the head and face, the length and width of the neck, and the ___ line.
Shoulder
___ occurs when the hair contracts or lifts through the action of moisture loss or drying.
Shrinkage
What is the skin that overlaps the side of the nail is called what?
Sidewall
___, also known as serum, adds gloss and sheen to the hair while creating textural definition.
Silicone
Special type of oil used in hair conditioners, water resistant lubricants for the skin, and nail polish dryers
Silicones
The one- length hairstyle is an example of the use of ___ lines.
Single
The ___ uses only one end paper, placed over the top of the hair strand.
Single flat wrap
The largest organ of the human body is the ___.
Skin
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) initially appears as a what?
Skin infection
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) initially appears as a____.
Skin infection
Two rows of ridge curls on the side of a head are called ___.
Skip waves
Which method involves cutting or layering the hair in such a way that the fingers and shears glide along the edge of the hair to remove length?
Slide cutting
Effilating, also known as __, is the process of thinning the hair to graduated lengths with shears.
Slithering
Human hair burns ___, giving off a distinct odor.
Slowly
Brushes that are used to hold and spread the gel should be ____.
Small
Jayden has accepted a job offer with a salon that is typical for the majority of salons in the United States.
Small independent salon
Stylists should use ___ wave patterns to accentuate the face an narrow a round head shape.
Smooth
The surface of a healthy natural nail should be ______?
Smooth and unspotted
Pressing combs with less space between the teeth produce a ___.
Smooth press
Soft UV gels are also known as ___.
Soakable gels
Caution should be used when filing gel nails because they are ___.
Soft
What soft foam rods are usually about 12 inches long with a uniform diameter along the entire length of the rod?
Soft bender rods
A combination of a thio relaxer and a thio permanent wrapped on large rods is a ___.
Soft curl perm
It is important for the stylist to determine if the local water supply to the salon is ___ because it may affect the outcome of the clients' chemical services.
Soft or Hard
It is important for the stylist to determine if the local water supple to the salon is what, because it may affect the outcome of the clients' chemical services?
Soft or hard
What hair pressing process removes 50 to 60 percent of the curl?
Soft press
Informing clients about a product, without stressing that they purchase it, is known as a ___.
Soft sell
Chemical hair texturizers temporarily raise the pH of the hair to an alkaline state in order to ___.
Soften and swell the shaft
An individual who determines policies, has the last say in decision making, assumes expenses, receives profits, and bears all losses is the ___.
Sole proprietor
the substance that is dissolved in a solution
Solute
a stable physical mixture of two or more substances
Solution
the substance that dissolves the solute and makes a solution
Solvent
What term describes the area surrounding the form, or the area the hairstyle occupies, which may also contain curls, waves, straight hair, or any combination?
Space
The skin layer in which the shedding of skin cells first begins is the stratum ___.
Spinosum
The two methods of wrapping the hair around a perm rod are ___.
Spiral and perpendicular
What type of curls are suitable for one length hair?
Spiral curls
In a ___, the hair is wrapped at an angle other than perpendicular to the length of the rod which causes the hair to spiral along the length of the rod.
Spiral perm wrap
What wrapping techniques was introduces when women cut their hair into the short-bobbed style after WWI?
Spiral wrapping
Spiral or corkscrew-shaped bacteria are called what?
Spirilla
Spiral or corkscrew-shaped bacteria are called____.
Spirilla
Physical trauma or injury to the nail bed that damages the capillaries and allows small amounts of blood flow results in _______?
Splinter hemorrhage
_________ are always positioned lengthwise and the direction of the growth?
Splinter hemorrhages
Trichoptilosis is the technical term for ___.
Split Ends
Trichoptilosis is the technical term for what?
Split ends
Which type of brush is good for leasing tangles, knots, and snarls in short, textured hair and long, straight hair?
Square paddle
Good- quality pressing combs are constructed of either ___.
Stainless steel or brass
Which organism are pus-forming bacteria that grow in cluster like bunches of grapes?
Staphylococci
Which organisims are pus-forming bacteria that grow in clusters like bunches of grapes?
Staphylococci ; causes abscesses, pustuals, boils.
The three different physical forms of matter; solid, liquid,, and gas
States of Matter
Which guideline is used in a blunt, one- length haircut, or used in overdirection to create a length or weight.
Stationary
Laws are also called what?
Statutes
Laws are also called__________.
Statutes
What techniques were refined by a physician during the Middle Ages?
Steam distillation
What section of the pin curl lies between the base and first arc (turn) of the circle that gives the curl its direction and movement, and determines the amount of mobility or movement in a section of hair?
Stem
The process that completely destroys all microbial life, including spores.
Sterilization
What is the process that completely destroys all microbial life, including spores?
Sterilization
To find the comb she dropped on the floor while working on her client Tyna lowered her head and turned her head away. What muscle was Tyna most likely using?
Sternocleidomastoideus
What is considered to be the ideal profile?
Straight Profile
The needle that is used to sew extensions onto a track should be a blunt, custom- designed needle, either ___.
Straight or curved
What perm rods are equal in diameter along their entire length or curling area?
Straight rods
___ is best braided slightly damp or very lightly coated with wax or pomade to make it more pliable.
Straight, resistant hair
What four common directional patterns, or waves, are found in all hair and must be considered when designing a style?
Straight, wavy, curly, and extremely curly
Overprocessed hair that is further processed will become ___ and cause further damage, including breakage.
Straighter
Prior to a full- color application to a wig or hairpiece, it is recommended to perform a ___.
Strand test
The layer of skin that is seen and treated by the cosmetologist is the ___.
Stratum Corneum
The deepest layer of the epidermis, the basal cell layer, is also known as the ___.
Stratum Germinativum
The ___ of the permanent waving solution is determined primarily by the concentration of the reducing agent, or thio.
Strength
Pus forming bacteria arranged in curved lines (string of beads)
Strephylococci- causes strep throat & blood poisoning.
Caution should be used with on-base rod placement to avoid addition ___.
Stress and tension on hair
What action would be most helpful in countering the negative effects of repetitive motions?
Stretching and walking around at intervals
Regardless of your salon dress code, your clothing should always be clean fresh, functional, and what?
Stylish
Fatty tissue found below the dermis is called ___.
Subcutaneous Tissue
Recognizing a client's needs and preferences lays the foundation for ___.
Successful
___ shampoos, sometimes called soap-free shampoos, are formulated with little to no alkaline soap base, are compatible with hair and soft water sources, and are known to be sensitive to artificial hair color.
Sulfate- free
What type of shampoos, sometimes called soap-free shampoos, are formulated with little to no alkaline soap base, are compatible with hair and soft water sources, and are known to be sensitive to artificial hair color?
Sulfate-free
a contraction of surface active agents; substances that allow oil and water to mix, or emulsify
Surfactants
unstable physical mixtures of undissolved particles in a liquid
Suspensions
Inflammation is characterized by which of the following?
Swelling
Inflammation is characterized by which of the following?
Swelling-redness, heat, pain
What hair design is created when two halves of a hairstyle form a mirror image of each other?
Symmetrical balance
What type of comb is excellent for design parting, sectioning large segments of hair, and opening and removing braids?
Tail comb
To achieve a natural look when cutting a wig, the ends should be ___.
Tapered
Backcombing, also known as ___, ratting, matting, or French lacing, involves combing small sections of hair from the ends toward the scalp, causing shorter hair to mat at the scalp and form a cushion or base.
Teasing
What is the resting phase or final phase of the hair cycle that lasts until the fully grown hair is shed?
Telogen
What is the resting phase or final phase of the hair cycle that lasts until the fully grown hair is shed?
Telogen Phase
It is important to ___ a new brass pressing comb so that it will hold heat evenly along its entire length and provide consistent results.
Temper
___ in haircutting is the amount of pressure applied when combing or holding a subsection during a haircut.
Tension
Janine's job coach advises her that it is important to have good test- taking strategies. This is the best described as being ___.
Test- wise
During the consultation, the stylist must pay special attention to the client's hair ___.
Texture
Hair ___ is based on the thickness or diameter of each hair strand, usually classified as coarse, medium, and fine.
Texture
The thickness or diameter of the individual hair strand is referred to as hair ___.
Texture
The thickness or diameter of the individual hair strand is referred to as what?
Texture
The correct temperature setting of the iron for thermal curling is determined by the ___.
Texture of the hair
The process of removing excess bulk without shortening hair length is called ___.
Texturizing
Which type of shear is used mainly to remove bulk from the hair, and is often referred to as a thinning shear, tapering shear, or notching shear?
Texturizing
Which type of texture shear adds increased blending?
Texturizing
What is the first civilized to cultivate beauty tins an extravagant fashion?
The Egyptians
Who were the first people to cultivate beauty with extravagant fashions and were the first to use cosmetics as part of their personal beautification habits?
The Egyptians
Archaeological studies reveal that haircutting and hairstyling were practiced in some form as early as the when?
The Ice Age
Service record card
The _____ is the client's permanent progress record of services received and contains the results, formulations, products used during services, as well as any sensitivities or alleges.
Defintion of diplomacy:
The ability to deliver truthful, even sometimes critical or difficult, messages in a kind way.
Reflective listening
The act of successfully sharing information between two people, or groups of people, is known as_____.
What is the small, involuntary fiber in the base of the hair follicle?
The arrector pili
What did a French hairdresser introduce in the 1970's?
The art of hair weaving using aluminum foil.
Today, most wigs are cut and finished on ___, and then cleaned and stored on a drying rack.
The client
When securing a cape as draping for a basic shampoo, do not let the cape touch what?
The clients skin
A lengthwise section of hair shows that the cuticle scales overlap and each individual cuticle scale is attached to what?
The cortex
The changes involved in oxidation hair coloring, wet setting, thermal styling, permanent waving, and chemical hair relaxing takes place where?
The cortex
What is the fibrous protein core formed by elongated cells that contain melanin pigment?
The cortex
What is the small, cone-shaped area located at the base of the hair follicle that fits into the hair bulb?
The dermal papilla
What structures contain the blood nerve supply that provide the nutrients needed for hair growth?
The dermal papillae
Permanent waving and hair relaxers changes the shape of the hair by chemically altering what in the hair?
The disulfide bonds
What part of the face did women in the Middle Ages not wear colored makeup?
The eyes did not have any colored makeup.
What is the part of the nail that extends over the fingertip?
The free edge
What part of the nail plate that extends over the tip of the finger or toe?
The free edge
What is the thickened, club-like structure that forms the lower part of the hair root?
The hair bulb
What is the outermost layer of the hair?
The hair cuticle
What term refers to a layer that protects the hair from penetration and prevents damage to hair fibers?
The hair cuticle
Which layer of the hair shaft created the shine and the smooth, silky feel of hair?
The hair cuticle
The hair is composed of protein that grows from cells originating in where?
The hair follicule
What is the pocket or tube-like depression in the scalp or skin that contains the hair root?
The hair follicule
What part of the hair is located below the surface of the epidermis?
The hair root
What are the three different types of side bonds that link chains of amino acids together?
The hydrogen, salt, and disulfide bonds
Definition of professional image:
The impression you project through both your outward appearance and you conduct in the workplace
Nail growth rates increase dramatically during when?
The last trimester of pregancy
The nail is formed where?
The matrix
During your evaluation meeting
The most opportune time to discuss increasing your client bookings, raising your pay scale, or the possibility of future advancement with your manager is _____.
Information that is contained on a resume should be relevant to ___.
The position you are seeking
What factor differs between a relaxation scalp massage and a treatment scalp massage?
The products that are used
Comparing answers to some of your questions from salon interviews will help you choose ___.
The salon that offers the best package of income and career development
How does the skin of the scalp differ from other skin?
The scalp has larger and deeper hair follicles
Definition of ergonomics:
The science of designing the workplace as well as its equipment and tools to make specific body movements more comfortable, efficient, and safe
What is the oily substance secreted by the skin's oil glands that lubricated the hair and skin?
The sebum
What is the substance that is secreted by the sebaceous glands?
The sebum
Which method was most appropriate for use on long hair during the waving process?
The serial wrapping method
What determines the size of the curl in a permanent waving process?
The size of the rod
The body's largest organ?
The skin
What is the 21st century considered to be?
The specialization age of the beauty industry
___ waving and curling, also known as Marcel waving, are methods of waving and curling straight or pressed dry hair using thermal irons and special manipulative techniques.
Thermal
Which statement best describes UV sanitizers?
They do not disinfect nor do they sterilize
How did Africam tribes color their hair?
They used Red Earth
Why did Egyptians use cosmetics?
They used cosmetics as part of personal beautification, religious ceremonies, and preparation of the deceased for burial.
What did the Egyptians used to create eye makeup?
They used minerals, insects, and berries for eye makeup.
It is essential for beauty practitioners to be well groomed and practice basic hygiene everyday because why?
They work in close proximity to their clients
The process that stops the action of permanent wave solution and rebuilds the hair into its new form is called ___.
Thio neutralizer
Hair that is treated with hydroxide relaxers must not be treated with ___.
Thio relaxers
What waving solutions use an ingredient other than ATG, such as cysteamine or mercaptamine, as the primary reducing agent?
Thio-free
A colorless liquid or white crystals with a strong unpleasant odor that is used in permanent waving solutions
Thioglycolic Acid
What are the most common reducing agents used in permanent waving?
Thioglycolic acids
How do you create a mission statement?
This is created when an individual takes their values and makes it into a purpose that they want to live their life by
The ankle joint is composed of how many bones?
Three
With proper care, a braided hair design can last up to ___ months.
Three
Arriving to work on time, starting the first client as soon as he or she arrives, and staying on schedule are good example of real-life what?
Time management
The most frequently encountered infection on the foot resulting from nail services is____
Tina pedis
What is the medial term for ringworm?
Tinea
What is the medical term for ringworm?
Tinea
What is a scalp disorder characterized by dry, sulfur yellow, cup- like crusts on the scalp?
Tinea Favosa
What is the scalp disorder characterized by dry, sulfur-yellow cup-like crusts on the scalp?
Tinea Favosa
What is the most frequently encountered infection on the foot resulting from nail services?
Tinea pedis
Income in addition to your regular compensation that must be tracked and reported on tax returns is referred to as ___.
Tips
Example of a mission statement:
To allow clients to feel comfortable and confident in the salon
Why did women pinch their cheeks and bite their li[s during the Victorian Age?
To induce natural color
What is a good idea if you work as a film, theatrical, or editorial stylist.
To join a local union
What are some unique traditions of Egyptian and Roman military commanders?
To stain lips and nails in matching colors before an important battles.
What is the duties of the distributor?
To stay abreast of what is accusing in the marketplace
What is a good idea for a haircutting specialist?
To study with other reputable haircutters, this to perfect his or her technique
Ancient people around the world used animal hide to do what?
To tie hair back or for adornment
A ___ sometimes is necessary when the hair becomes curly again due to perspiration, dampness, or other conditions.
Touch- up
A small wig used to cover the top or crown of the head is called a ___.
Toupee
Poisonous substances produced by some microorganisims are called____.
Toxins
Poisonous substances produced by some microorganisms are called what?
Toxins
What lines are curved and used to blend and soften horizontal or vertical lines?
Transitional lines
Which guideline involves a small slice of a previous subsection that is moved to the next position and becomes the new guideline?
Traveling guide
___ braiding is a newer way to add hair for a longer look by braiding or cornrow braiding along with the hair extensions, so that the finished look shows mostly faux hair.
Tree
What pin curl base is recommended for use along the front hairline to prevent splits or breaks in the finished style?
Triangular base
What term refers to the scientific study of hair and its disease and care?
Trichology
What term refers to the scientific study of hair and its diseases and care?
Trichology
What is a condition that is characterized by brittleness and the formation of nodular swellings along the hair shaft?
Trichorrhexis Nodosa
What condition that is characterized by brittleness and the formation of nodular swellings along the hair shaft?
Trichorrhexis nodosa
The disorder in which edges of the nail plate curl around to form a sharp cone at the free edge is called ___?
Trumpet nail
Hair that is arranged so that the cuticles of all hair strands move in the same direction (down) is called ___.
Turned hair
About how many years of post- high school education and training are required to become a dermatologist?
Twelve
A ___ set is a two- part set that can be done on natural hair, transitional hair, twists, extensions, weaves, wigs, and locks.
Twist
The ___ technique involves overlapping two strands to form a candy cane effect.
Twisting
Depending on the usage, a typical UV light bulb should be changed ____.
Two to three times per year
Clients who wish to wear a French or American manicure finish over nail enhancements should use the ___.
Two- color method
What specialized electronic device powers and controls UV bulbs to cure UV gel nail enhancements?
UV gel lamp
Which term describes wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation that occur beyond the visible spectrum of light?
UV light
the UV rays of the sun reach the skin in two different forms. What are these ?
UVA and UVB rays
what rays of the sun cause sunburns and tanning and are also known as burning rays
UVB rays
According to your text, the GHS gives workers the right to what?
Understand safety concerns associated with chemicals
According to your text, the GHS gives workers the right to____.
Understand saftey concerns associated with chemicals.
Describe good study habits.
Understanding what helps you best to learn, comprehend, and remember the material. It is best to do this sitting upright, when you are at your most energized and motivated.
Ridges running vertically down the natural nail plate are caused by ____?
Uneven growth and age
What measures how much electricity a UV or LED bulb consumes and emits?
Unit wattage
Water is the most abundant and important element on Earth and is classified as a ___.
Universal Solvent
Water is the most abundant and important element on Earth and is classified as what?
Universal solvent
What is the practice of recommending and selling additional services to clients?
Upselling
Traditionally, light cured gels relied on urethane acrylate; newer gel systems use ___.
Urethane methacrylates
___ acrylate and ___ methacrylate are the main ingredients used alone or in combination with urethane acrylates to create light cured gel nail enhancements.
Urethane; urethane
When the client's scalp is classified as flexible, remember to ___ to press the hair satisfactorily.
Use enough tension
___ rollers are used only on dry hair because using them on wet hair will snag and pull the hair.
Velcro
What type of hair is short, fine, unpigmented, and downy?
Vellus Hair
What type of hair is short, fine, unpigmented, and downy?
Vellus hair
What type of brush has a single or double row of widely spaced pins with protective tips to prevent tearing and breaking the hair, which can be used to gently remove tangles on wet and wavy or dry and curly hair, as well as human hair extensions?
Vent
The type of line used to create length and height in hair design while making the hair style appear longer and narrower is a ___.
Vertical Line
What type of haircutting lines are perpendicular to the horizon, and are used to remove weight to create graduated or layered haircuts, and higher elevations?
Vertical lines
During which austere and restrictive period in British history did Queen Victoria reign?
Victorian Age
What were Victorian beauty masks and packs made of?
Victorian beauty mask and packs were made of honey, eggs, milk, oatmeal, fruits, vegetables, and other natural ingredients.
A parasitic submicroscopic particle that infects and resides in the cells of a biological organism is a___________
Virus
What is a parasitic submicroscopic particle that infects and resided on the cells of a biological organism?
Virus
___ is the measurement of the thickness or thinness of a liquid and affects how the fluid flows.
Viscosity
___ is the measurement of the thickness or thinness of a liquid that affects how the fluid flows.
Viscosity
The ___ braid is a three- strand braid that is created with an underhand, or plaiting, technique.
Visible
Which section of a business plan includes a long- term picture of what the business is to become and what it will look like when it gets there?
Vision Statement
What is a success strategy that can turn your image of a dream job into a successful salon?
Visualization
Alcohol that evaporates easily
Volatile Alcohols
Abbreviated VOCs; compounds that contain carbon and evaporate very easily
Volatile Organic Compounds
To offset or round out the square facial type, choose a style that has ___.
Volume around the areas between the temples and jaw and added width around the ears
The best styling choice for a client with a round facial type would be one with ___.
Volume on the top and volume or length at the sides
___ curls provide maximum lift or volume, since the curl is placed very high on its base.
Volume- base
Which action is an acceptable way to clean tools or instruments?
Washing with soap and water
The main ingredient in most shampoos is ___.
Water
The main ingredient in most shampoos is what?
Water
Abbreviated W/O emulsion; water droplets emulsified in oil
Water in Oil Emulsion
Curved lines can be placed horizontally, vertically, or diagonally, and are used to create a ___ when repeating in opposite directions.
Wave
Ridge curls are pin curls placed immediately behind or below a ridge to form a ___.
Wave
What term refers to the shape of the hair strand?
Wave Pattern
The ___, or the amount of movement in the hair strand, varies from client to client, as well as within the same head of hair.
Wave pattern
What term refers to the shape of the hair strand?
Wave pattern
What are the two defining characteristics of hair type?
Wave patterns and hair texture
What is a very effective technique for blending between perm rods with opposite base directions using zigzag partings to divide base areas?
Wave technique
Which technique involves sewing a weft of faux or natural hair onto a cornrow braid, and then wrapping and locking to create African locks or dreadlocks?
Weaving
Capless wigs are made by weaving human or artificial hair into ___, which are long strips of hair with a threaded edge.
Wefts
The __ is the visual line in the haircut where the ends of the hair hang together.
Weight line
When executing an updo, inspect the shape from every angle to make sure it is ___.
Well- balanced and proportioned
Enzymes
What are catalysts that break down complex food molecules?
Carbohydrates
What are compounds that break down sugars and supply body energy?
Macronutrients used to produce energy in the body
What are fats?
Calories
What are measures of heat units, used to measure food energy for the body?
Chains of Amino Acid Molecules
What are proteins?
Government-Issued Measurements for Amounts of Foods We Should Eat
What are recommended dietary allowances (RDA)?
Blood Coagulation
What body function is aided by vitamin K?
Provides Energy to Cells and Converts Energy to Carbon Dioxide
What does adenosine triphosphate do?
Citrus Fruits
What food contains the greatest abundance of bioflavonoids?
Amino Acids
What forms the building blocks of protein?
One or More Vitamins
What has been added to a food product if it is labeled as fortified?
Seeking Superficial Approval
What is NOT an important reason for estheticians to develop and use good health habits?
Professional portfolio
What is a collection of photos and images of a stylist's work that she or he can use during the consultation to assist a client in making decisions about style and color?
Sunshine Vitamin
What is a common name for vitamin D?
Regulating Nutrition-Related Affairs
What is a function of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)?
Omega-3 Fatty Acids
What is another name for alpha-linoleic acid, a type of "good" polyunsaturated fat that may decrease cardiovascular disease?
Ascorbic Acid
What is another name for vitamin C?
Water-Binding Substance Between the Fibers of the Dermis
What is glycosaminoglycan?
Condition in Which the Blood Sugar Drops Too Low
What is hypoglycemia?
Ask for specifics
What is one of the first steps you should take when a client is dissatisfied with a service?
Aids in the Functioning and Repair of Skin Cells
What is one of the functions of the antioxidant vitamin A?
Retin-A
What is the commercial name for the vitamin-A derivative retinoic acid?
Omega-6
What is the common name for linoleic acid, which is used to make important hormones?
Review the intake form
What is the first step in the 10-step consultation method?
United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)
What is the governmental agency that issues the recommended nutritional guideline "MyPlate"?
Tocopherol
What is the scientific name for vitamin E?
Osteoporosis
What is the term for a thinning of the bones caused by the reabsorption of calcium into the bones?
Arteriosclerosis
What is the term for clogging and hardening of the arteries?
Vitamin A
What is the vitamin from which tretinoin (used for collagen synthesis, hyperpigmentation, and acne) is derived?
Micronutrients Have No Calories or Nutritional Value
What is true of micronutrients?
It is the One Essential Nutrient no Person Can Live Without
What is true of water?
Sulphur
What mineral contributes to body tissue formation and gives strength to keratin?
Flouride
What mineral is commonly used in toothpaste because it contributes to bone and teeth formation?
Magnesium
What mineral is required for energy release and protein synthesis?
Potassium
What mineral is required for energy use, water balance, and molecular movement?
Sodium
What mineral moves carbon dioxide, regulates water levels, and transports materials through cell membranes?
Calcium
What mineral serves the function of forming and maintaining teeth and bones?
Mucopolysaccharides
What term refers to carbohydrate-lipid complexes that are also good water binders?
Monosaccharides
What term refers to carbohydrates made up of one basic sugar unit?
Polysaccharides
What term refers to carbohydrates that contain three or more simple carbohydrate molecules.
Minerals
What term refers to organic materials that are required for many reactions of the cells and body?
Disaccharides
What term refers to sugars made up of two simple sugars, such as lactose and sucrose?
Vitamin B
What type of vitamin is niacin?
Vitamin B
What type of vitamin is riboflavin?
Client consultation
What verbal communication with a client assists in determining the client's needs and how to achieve the desired results?
Complain about colleagues
When communicating with your salon manager, you should be open and honest, have correct information, and never _____.
Never argue and always be polite
When handling a scheduling mix up with a client, it is recommended that you _____.
Photos
When making color recommendations to a client, it is important to ensure that you both are speaking the same language. Using _____ is one way to eliminate confusion and eliminate the possibility of a color mistake.
Lifestyle, face shape, and hair type
When making recommendations to a client regarding hair style or color, which of the rolling criteria should be used?
During each salon visit and service
When should a client consultation be performed?
Ingrid is an excellent cosmetologist but has difficulty taking tests. She meets with a job coach, who advises her to look for quality conditions in test questions. Which question includes a qualifying condition?
Which of the following is usually part of a practical exam?
Salon manager
Which relationship has vested interest in the success of the stylist?
Which foot spa has come under scrutiny because of disease-causing mircoorganisms tend to grow inside it?
Whirhpool foot spas
Which foot spa has come under scrutiny because disease-causing microorganisms tend to grow inside it?
Whirlpool foot spa
Which type of comb is used mainly to detangle the hair?
Wide- tooth comb
The teeth on ___ range i width from medium to large, and have long rounded tips to avoid scratching the scalp.
Wide- tooth combs
Lighter highlights may be used at the temples on a client with a narrow forehead to create the illusion of ___.
Width
A ___ can be defined as an artificial covering for the head consists of a network of interwoven hair and completely covers the client's hair.
Wig
What hair type is very resistant to hair pressing and requires more heat and pressure?
Wiry/ curly
How is the hair wrapped around the roller to create curls in the hair?
With two and a half turns
What unique beauty trend did women in the Renaissance take apart of?
Women elongated their foreheads by plucking their eyebrows and hairline in an attempt to seem more intelligent.
During the Victorian Age, how did women preserve their beauty?
Women used beauty masks and packs
How did Victorian induce natural colors instead of using cosmetics?
Women would bite their lips or pinch their cheeks to induce a natural color.
What styling technique is used to keep curly hair smooth and straight while retaining its shape?
Wrapping
In permanent waving, the shape and type of curl are determined by the shape and type of rod and the ___.
Wrapping method
What types of injuries are most commonly reported by stylists inn salons that do not pratice ergonomics?
Wrist and back injuries
Azalee finds herself working at a salon that does not have job descriptions. What is the best approach for her to take in this situation?
Write a draft job description and share it with her manager.
Extension fibers come in a variety of types: Kanekalon, nylon, rayon, human hair, yarn, lin, and ___.
Yak
What strong extension material comes from the domestic ox found in the mountains of Tibet and central Asia?
Yak
A light, soft extension material that does not reflect light and gives the braid a matte finish is ___.
Yarn
In the early stages, a typical bacterial infection on the nail plate can be identified as a?
Yellow-green spot
Can the salon business usually withstand recessions better than other industries?
Yes, salons can withstand recessions well
How do you go about setting long- and short-term goals?
You goal set by mapping at the destination you want to reach, and then find out the different paths that will get you there.
What factor most affects how well you perform during the written licensing examinations and on tests in general?
Your mastery of course content
Sitting or standing improperly can put a great deal of stress on what?
Your neck, shoulders, back, and legs
Generational differences
Your older clients may not like gum chewing, slang, or the use of yeah instead of yes. Awareness of these______ will help you remain professional with all clientele.
Definition of physical presentation:
Your posture, as well as the way you walk and move
___, are an alternative when hand washing station is not available, but should not take the place of hand washing
`hand sanitizers
when lightly tapped with the handle of a brush, hard nail enhancements make __
a clicking sound
chromophore
a color component within the skin such as blood or melanin
monomer liquid and polymer powder should be stored separately in covered containers in ___
a cool, dark area
desincrustation
a form of anaphoresis, process used to soften and emulsify grease deposits (oil) and blackheads in the hair follicles.
what is one of the most effective ways to ensure safe working conditions in a salon, and especially a nail salon
a local source capture ventilation system
nonconductor
a material that does not transmit electricity.
laser
a medical device that uses electromagnetic radiation for hair removal and skin treatments
intense pulse light
a medical device that uses multiple colors and wavelengths of focused light to treat spide veins, hyperpigmentation, rosacea and redness, wrinkles, enlarged hair follicles and pores, and excessive hair.
light-emitting diode
a medical device used to reduce acne increase skin circulation and improve the collagen content in the skin.
Cosmetology fields:
a term that encompasses a broad range of specialty areas, including hairstyles, nail technology, and estheics.
you should NEVER apply haircolor to a client if the scalp has any obvious signs of
abrasions
cosmetologists should avoid wearing jewelry on the hands or arms while administering facial treatments because rings and bracelets may ____ the client
accidentally injure
nail wraps are removed by immersing the entire enhancement in a small glass bowl filled with ___
acetone
___ primers were developed because acid-based nail primer is corrosive to the skin and potentially dangerous to eyes
acid- free and non-acid
___ is considered a skin type because the tendency to develop this condition is hereditary
acne
what is a skin disorder characterized by chronic inflammation of the sebaceous glands caused from retained secretions
acne
light therapy using a light- emitting diode (LED) uses blue light to treat skin that is ___
acne-prone
powdered persulfate salts added to haircolor to increase its lightening ability are
activators
Muscles that draw the fingers together are called ____.
adductors
Another term for fat is ____ tissue.
adipose
activators come in several different forms: brush on bottle, pump spray- on, and
aerosol
cotton used on the end of a wooden pusher should be changed___
after each use
as a rule of thumb, the lower the grit on abrasive nail file, the more _____ its action will be
aggressive
containers that create the perfect environment for pethogens to grow and reproduce are
airtight
congenital hypopigmentation, or absence of melanin pigment of the body, including the skin, hair, and eyes is called ___
albinism
the term ___ means lack of lipids, and describes skin that does not produce enough sebum, indicated by absence of visible pores
alipidic
as part of their composition, all permanent haircoloring products and lighteners contain both a developer and an ___
alkalizing ingredient
the two types of contact dermatitis are __
allergic and irritant
exfoliants that dissolve the bonds and intercellular cement between cells are ___
alpha hydroxy acids
Alkaline waves
also known as cold waves; 9.0-9.6, uses ATG, exothermic
Farouk Shami
ammonia free hair dye
individual doses of serum, sealed in small vials, are called ___
ampoules
microcurrent
an extremely low level of electricity that mirrors the body's natural electrical impulses.
acne bacteria cannot survive in the presence of oxygen, and therefore, are ___
anaerobic
The study of body structures that can be seen with the eye is called ______.
anatomy
dye precursors that combine with hydrogen peroxide to form larger, permanent dye molecules are called___
aniline derivatives
conductor
any material that conducts electicity.
the ____ , also known as the arch, is the area of the nail with the most strength, oval- shaped, and located in the center of the nail
apex
rectifier
apparatus that changes alternating current a/c to direct current d/c
converter
apparatus that changes direct current to alternating current.
electrode
applicator for directing electric current from an electrotherapy device to the client's skin.
what step would be performed last in a four week fabric wrap maintenance
apply cuticle oil
when the cuticle is slightly raised and the hair is normal and processes in an average amount of time, the hair would be said to have___
average porosity
application of the enhancement product onto the new growth of the nail is commonly referred to as ___
backfill
the technique using a free- form painting of hair lightener directly onto clean, styled hair is
baliage
the most common and least severe type of skin cancer is __
basal cell carcinoma
what term describes the predominant tone of a color
base
as monomer liquid absorbs polymer powder, the chemical interaction produces a small ___
bead of product
The middle part of the muscle is called the ____.
belly
the initiator added to polymer powder to start the chain reaction of curing the nail enhancement is ___
benzoyl peroxide
what is the ideal temperature for a paraffin bath
between 125- 130 degrees Fahrenheit
when all three primary colors are present in equal portions, the resulting color is
black
when applying nail enhancements, surface moisture and natural oils left on the nail plate will ___
block adhesion
the primary color that brings depth or darkness to any color is ___
blue
the nail tip adhesive used to secure the nail tip to a natural nail is also called a ___
bonding agent
the american cancer society recommends using a checklist to recognize potential skin cancer or changes in moles, using the letter B to check mole ___
borders
The largest and most complex organization of nerve tissue in the body is the ____.
brain
too much powder in a mix ratio causes nail enhancements to cure incorrectly and become ___
brittle and discolored
a large blister containing a watery fluid is a ___
bulla
for which of the following skin lesions should the cosmetologist refer the client to his or her physician
bulla
Which statement describes the proper use of waterless hand sanitizers in the salon?
can not clean the hands of dirt and debris; that can only be acomplished with liquid soap a bristle brush, and water.use AFTER soap and water.
what additives are added to monomer liquid to speed up chemical reaction and control the set or curing time
catalysts
The basic units of all living things are ____.
cells
What nervous system controls the voluntary functions of the five senses?
central
How might a cosmetologist notice changes in a client's thyroid function?
changes in the growth rate, quality, or texture of the hair or nails
____ contains chemicals that loosen or dissolve dead cell buildup, can work in a relatively short time, or be combined in a moisturizer for longer effects
chemical exfoliants
oil- absorbing masks that have an exfoliating and stringent effect, making large pores appear smaller, are ___
clay- based masks
remove dust from the natural nail plate with a ___
clean, dry nail brush
the nail professionals chair should be selected for durability, comfort, ergonomics, and ease of ___
cleaning
___ are non- foaming, lotion cleansers designed to cleanse dry and sensitive skin types and to remove makeup
cleansing milks
a whitehead is also called a ___
closed comedo
which term describes follicles impacted with solidified sebum and dead cell buildup that appear as small bumps just underneath the skin's surface
closed comedones
the hair type with a large diameter that can take longer to process hair color is ___
coarse- textured hair
a ___ abrasive is strong enough to thin enhancement product in order to prepare the enhancement for a refill or rebalance
coarse-grit
___ is described as a property of objects that depends on the light they reflect and is perceived ( by the human eye) as red, yellow, blue, or other shades
color
examples of single process permanent coloring applications are virgin color applications and ___
color retouch applications
what is one of the most valuable tools for identifying the natural level in the hair
color wheel
The main arteries that supply blood to the head, neck, and face are the ____.
common carotid arteries
primary and secondary colors that are positioned opposite each on the color wheel are ___
complementary colors
implements requiring disinfection should be placed in a covered container large enough for them to be ___
completely immersed
grounding
completes an electric circuit and carries the current safely away.
___ is a common bacterial infection of the eye
conjunctivitis
What is the tissue that binds together, protects, and supports various parts of the body?
connective tissue
galvanic current
constant and direct current, having a positive and negative pole, that produces chemical changes when it passes through the tissues and fluids of the body.
direct current
constant even-flowing current that travels in one direction only and is produced by chemical means
What is a exposure incident?
contact with nonintact (broken) skin, blood, body fluid.
what term describes a condition that requires avoiding certain treatments, procedures, or products to prevent undesirable effects
contraindication
decolorizing the hair's natural pigment allows the colorist to create the exact degree of ____
contributing pigment
___ tones absorb more light, therefore they look deeper than their actual level
cool
colors with a predominance of blue are ___ colors, whereas colors with a predominance of red/yellow are ___ colors
cool;warm
a hair follicle filled with keratin sebum forms a ___
cornedo
cosmetology professionals are only allowed to use products that remove dead skin from the stratum
corneum
You notice your instructor watching you perform a service. Your instructor's eyebrows are down and her forehead has vertical wrinkles in it. What muscle is she most likely using?
corrugator muscle
which term describes rosacea conditions with areas of the skin with distended capillaries and diffuse redness
couperose
neutral base colors are often used to
cover gray hair
cutting nail tips with a nail or toenail clipper will cause the nail tip to weaken and ___
crack
The skull consists of the ____.
cranium and facial bones
lighteners that have a thicker consistency and give more control during scalp application are known as
cream lighteners
dead cells that form over a wound or blemish while it is healing comprise a ___
crust
modalities
currents used in electrical facial and scalp treatments
wrap resins are made from ___, a specialized acrylic monomer that has excellent adhesion to the natural nail plate and polymerizes in seconds
cyanoacrylate
What is the fluid of a cell that surrounds the nucleus and is necessary for growth and reproduction?
cytoplasm
use of a nipper to clip away loosened nail enhancements can ___
damage the nail plate
special containers used to hold monomer liquid and polymer powder that minimize contamination and evaporation are ___
dappen dishes
Most cells reproduce by dividing into two cells called ____ cells.
daughter
overlapping haircolor on previously tinted hair can cause breakage and create a visible line of
demarcation
what is the process of softening and emulsifying hardened sebum that is stuck in the hair follicles
desincrustation
the process of treating gray or very resistant hair to allow for better penetration of color is known as
developing
the process in which the hair is pre-lightened and then toned is known as ___
double- process application
a nail polish___ is designed to shorten the time necessary for the client's nail polish to dry
dryer
the impact of a massage treatment depends on the amount of pressure, direction, of movement, and ____
duration of manipulation
every massage should end with which movement
efflerage
what is a light, continuous, stroking movement applied with fingers or palms
effleurage
an applicator used to direct electric current from a machine to the client's skin is an ___
electrode
active electrode
electrode of an electrotherapy device that is used on the area to be treated.
what are oily or fatty ingredients that prevent moisture from leaving the skin
emollients
Ductless glands that release secretion of hormones directly into the bloodstream are ____.
endocrine glands
chemical exfoliants that work by dissolving keratin protein in the surface cells are known as ___
enzyme peels
You hungrily take a bite of steaming hot pizza and the bubbling cheese burns the inside of your mouth. What type of tissue have you damaged?
epithelial
what type of melanin gives black and brown color to the hair
eumelanin
nail wraps are rebalanced with additional resin ___
every two weeks
brushes used in nail polish and other products that are not capable of harboring or supporting the growth of the pathogenic microbes are ___
exceptions to the single-use rule
___ refers to a skin sore or abrasion produced by scratching or scraping
excorciation
the process of removing dead cells from the surface of the skin is
exfoliation
cosmetologists and their clients should always wear ___ when using and handling nail tip adhesives
eye protection
a ___, also known as a facial treatment, is a professional skin treatment that improves the condition and appearance of the skin
facial
to soften skin tissues and follicle accumulations making them easier to extract, it is recommended to first use a
facial steamer
the main food source for acne bacteria is ___
fatty acids
The heavy, long bone that forms the leg above the knee is called the ____.
femur
which nail wrap is made from a closely woven, heavy material and is considered to be the strongest nail wrap fabric
fiberglass wrap
which nail wrap is made from a very thin synthetic mesh with a loose weave and is easy to use
fiberglass wrap
rubbing another clean, unused file across the edge of a new file in order to remove any sharp edges before use is called ___
file prepping
a ___ abrasive is used for finish filing, refining, and buffing
fine-grit
which implement is durable, easy-to-use, made of plastic, metal,glass, or ceramic, and used for soaking the client's fingers in warm water to soften the skin and cuticle
finger bowl
A tennis ball is useful in exercises to release stress from repititive movements of which body part?
fingers
cracks in the skin that penetrate the dermis layer, such as chapped hands or lips, are ___
fissures
the contact areas of nail tips are smoothed with a fine- grit block buffer held___
flat across the nail
electric current
flow of electricity along a conductor.
___ are cleansers containing surfactants that cause the product to foam and rinse off easily
foaming cleansers
When to use exdothermic waves
for coarse/resistant hair
When to use true acid wave
for extremely damaged/porous hair
When to use alkaline perm
for resistant/coarse hair
The facial skeleton has how many bones?
fourteen
what is a deep rubbing massage movement in which pressure is applied to the skin while moving over an underlying structure
friction
___ is a form of pestrissage in which the tissue is grasped, gently lifted, and spread out
fulling
what thin, open- meshed cotton fabric is used to hold mask products on the face
gauze
masks containing hydrators and soothing ingredients that do not dry hard and can be used on sensitive skin
gel masks
when removing softened nail enhancement products, use a wooden or metal pusher and ___
gently push off the softened nail
what is a non- ammonia color that adds shine and tone to the hair
glaze
___ are personal protective equipment (ppe), worn to protect the cosmetologist from exposure to microbes during service
gloves
implements should be removed from a disinfectant solution using a lift tray or basket, tongs, tweezers, and ___ to ensure that disinfectant does not come into contact with the skin
gloves
a cream- type enzyme applied to the face and rolled off the skin is a
gommage
metallic haircolors are also known as ___
gradual colors
what is a chopping movement performed with the edges of the hands whereby both wrists and hands move alternatively in fast, light, firm, and flexible, motions against the skin
hacking
The Greek word trichos means
hair
chemical compounds that lighten hair by dispersing, dissolving, and decolorizing the natural pigment are ___
hair lighteners
___ is a professional, industry- coined term referring to artificial haircoloring products and services
haircolor
when is the most critical part of a color service
haircolor consultation
the cosmetologist must receive ___ instruction in order to properly perform extraction of clogged pores and comedones
hands- on
what is a contagious, recurring viral infection characterized by fever blisters or cold sores
herpes simplex 1
when the cuticle is lifted and the hair is overly porous and takes color quickly, the hair would be said to have ____
high porosity
nikolas tesla is credited with discovering
high- frequency current
the coloring technique that involves coloring some strands of hair lighter than the natural color is known as
highlighting
when securing the tip to the natural nail, use the stop, rock, and ___ method to avoid air bubbles and promote proper adhesive
hold
Acne, loss of scalp hair, facial hair growth and color, and darker skin pigmentations are some of the results of changing or fluctuating ____.
hormones
Insulin, adrenaline, and estrogen are examples of ____.
hormones
water- binding agents in moisturizers are also known as ___
humectants
___ is the most commonly used developer, and an oxidizing agent that, when mixed with an oxidation haircolor, supplies the necessary oxygen gas to develop the color molecules and create a change in natural hair color
hydrogen peroxide
excessive sweating, caused by heat or general body weakness is ___
hyperhidrosis
what term describes dark blotches of color on the skin caused by sun exposure or hormone imbalance
hyperpigmentation
what is the main health issue that a cosmetologist may experience
hypersensitivity
what term describes the tools used to perform manicure services that are either reusable or disposable
implements
any important observations or contraindications should be recorded ___ in the client's record card
in colored pen
The joint pain people complain about is often caused by ____.
inflammation of tissue surrounding the joint
infrared light
infrared light has longer wavelengths, penetrates more deeply, has less energy, and produces more heat than visible light; makes up 60 percent of natural sunlight.
odorless products harden more slowly, which creates the tacky layer called the ___
inhibition layer
what is the substance found in polymer powder, that when activated by a catalyst, will spring into action and cause monomer molecules to prematurely link together into long polymer chains
initiators
___ are created when nail is sandwiched between two layers of product while the nail enhancement is being formed
inlaid design
The part of the muscle that moves and is farthest from the skeleton is the ____.
insertion
Pressure in massage is usually directed from the ____.
insertion to the origin
a patch test is generally conducted behind the ear or
inside the elbow
___ refers to the strength of the color
intensity
Lawernce Gleb
inventor of Clairol, a gentle hair dye
ultraviolet light
invisible light that has a short wavelength is less penetrating than visible light causes chemical reactions to happen more quickly than visible light, produces less heat than visible light and kills germs.
when removing cleanser in the eye area, move outward on the upper lid and
inward on the lower lid
the process of using galvanic current to enable water- soluble products that contain ions to penetrate the skin is __
iontophoresis
an excessively thick scar resulting from overgrowth or fibrous tissue is known as a __
keloid
which of the following is a secondary lesion
keloid
If the hair shrinks when it dries, you will need to cut wet hair ___ than the desired length.
l to ) inch Longer
the system used for understanding color relationships is the ___
law of color
To what part of the heart is oxygenated blood returned?
left atrium
a freckle is an example of a mark on the skin known as a ___
lesion
___ is a skin disorder characterized by abnormal light patches
leukoderma
Which muscle can easily be damaged during makeup application?
levator palpebrae superioris
what unit of measurement identifies the lightness or darkness of a color, or the saturation, density, or concentration of color
level
fabric wraps that are slightly smaller than the nail plate prevent the wraps from ___
lifting
invisible light
light at either end of the visible spectrum of light that is invisible to the naked eye.
fabric wraps are made from silk, fiberglass, and ___
linen
A tension in your shears that is too ___ will allow your shears to fold the hair.
loose
when the cuticle is tight and the hair is resistant, it is difficult for moisture or chemicals to penetrate. what term describes this condition
low porosity
the technique of coloring strands of hair darker than the natural color is ___
lowlighting
monomer liquid and polymer powder nail enhancements are ___ services
lucrative
a flat spot or discoloration on the skin is a ___
macule
what tool provides a magnifying lens surrounded by a circular light, providing a well- lit, enlarged view of the skin
magnifying lamp
what term describes when a nail enhancement needs to be services after two or more weeks from the initial application of the nail enhancement product
maintenance
dark, brown patches on the skin that may appear uneven in texture, jagged, or raised may be a warning sign of ___
malignant melanoma
what cosmetic treatment of the hands involves cutting, shaping, and often painting of the nails, removal of the cuticles, and softening of the skin
manicure
___ services are currently the fastest- growing services on salon and spa menus
manicure and pedicure
nail tips are available in ___ sizes, colors, and shapes, making it easy to fit each client with precisely the right size and shape
many
what are concentrated treatment products often composed of mineral clays, moisturizing agents, skin softeners, aromatherapy oils, botanical extracts, and other beneficial ingredients to cleanse, exfoliate, tighten, tone, hydrate, and nourish the skin
masks
the manual or mechanical manipulation of the body by rubbing, kneading, or other movements is known as ___
massage
what is a lubricating cream that must be thoroughly removed for additional products to penetrate the skin
massage cream
what products are used to physically remove dead cell buildup
mechanical exfoliants
a __ abrasive is used for initial shaping of the perimeter of the nail, refining the overall surface shape of a nail enhancement, or for smoothing the surface before buffing
medium- grit
the natural coloring pigment found in the cortex layer of the hair is
melanin
a ___ is designed to gently scrape cuticle tissue from the natural nail plate
metal pusher
haircoloring products that change color gradually by progressive buildup and exposure to air contain ___
metallic salts
the ingredients in two- part monomer liquid and polymer powder enhancement systems belong to a branch of the acrylic family called ___
methacrylates
what are tiny, often unseen openings in the skin, which can allow microbes to enter the skin, leading to infection
micro traumas
what are scrubs that contain aluminum oxide crystals, along with other granular scrubs
microdermabrasion
what is a mechanical exfoliation that uses a closed vacuum to shoot crystals on the skin
microdermabrasion
___ are keratin- filled cysts that are usually associated with newborns and are commonly founf around the eyes, cheeks, and forehead
milia
benign, keratin- filled cysts that appear just under the epidermis and have no visible opening are ___
milia
What were some ingredients in Romans' face masks?
milk and bread/ fine wine/ corn with flour and milk/ flour and fresh butter
In living organisms, cell reproduction is called ____.
mitosis
the amount of polymer powder and liquid monomer used to create a product bead is called the
mix ratio
___ is a widely used monomer with a long history of safe use in medical and dental products, is fine for making bulletproof windows and shatterproof eyeglasses, but is extremely unsuitable for use in artificial nail liquids
mma
which masks contain special crystals and dry to a plaster- like consistency
modelage masks
to provide a buffer for the skin when using a brushing machine, apply a thick layer of cleaner or ___
moisturizer
products used to increase the water content of the skin surface are known as
moisturizers
choose a protective mask designed specifically for dusts, mists, and ___ to ensure the mask will be effective in the salon setting
molds
mono means one and mer stands for units, so a monomer is one unit called a ___
molecule
fine hair takes color faster and can look darker because the melanin granules are grouped
more tightly
the point over a muscle where pressure or stimulation will cause contraction of the muscle is the ___
motor point
___ implements, also known as reusable implements, are generally stainless steel because they must be properly cleaned and disinfected after use in one client prior to use on another. Less- expensive metal implements will corrode during disinfection and sterilization
multiuse
what is a stainless steel implement that can shorten the free edge of the nail quickly and efficiently
nail clipper
what substance is used to remove surface moisture and tiny amounts of oil left on the natural nail plate
nail dehydrator
offering ___ expands your service offerings and enables clients to have a " one stop shop" experience in your salon
nail extension and wrap services
what nail supply is placed under the free edge and used as a guide to extend a nail enhancement
nail form
what is a stainless steel implement used to carefully trim away dead skin around the nails
nail nipper
which product is used on the natural nail prior to application to assist in adhesion and serves to chemically bond the enhancement product to the natural nail
nail primer
what are pre- formed nail extensions made from ABS or tenite acetate plastic
nail tips
which product is made of plastic, pre- molded nails shaped from a tough polymer of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene plastic
nail tips
any method of securing a layer of fabric or paper on and around the nail tip to ensure its strength and durability is called a ___
nail wrap
the ___ is the heart of a nail wrap system and gives this system its unique properties
nail wrap material
electromagnetic spectrum
name given to all of the forms of energy that exist.
to test for porosity, take several strands from four different areas of the head: the front hairline, the temple, the crown, and the ___
nape
___ haircolors, also known as vegetable haircolors, such as hena, are colors obtained from the leaves or bark of plants
natural
The word integument means ____.
natural covering
cathode
negative electrode of an electrotherapy device (black)
polarity
negative pole or positive pole of an electric current
The type of tissue that controls and coordinates body functions is ____ tissue.
nerve
The whitish cords made up of bundles of nerve fibers, held together by connective tissue that make up the nervous system are called ____.
nerves
The scientific study of the structure, function, and pathology of the nervous system is called ____.
neurology
tones can be described as cool, warm, or ___
neutral
the part of the hair shaft between the scalp and the hair that has been previously colored is known as
new growth
what type of gloves are recommended by OSHA because they provide more protection from chemicals
nitrile
demipermanent colors are also known as ___
no-lift, deposit- only colors
when applying color using the brush-and- bowl method, the mixing bowl should be __
nonmetallic
When to use a low-ph perm
normal, porous, or damaged hair
nail tips that do not have the reinforcement provided by the overlay are ___
not long-wearing and can break easily
The bone that forms the back of the skull above the nape is the ____.
occipital
what type of skin appears shiny or greasy from clogged, dead cells in the follicle
oily skin
obvious pores on the surface of the skin indicate ___
oily skin areas
single- use or disposable implements are used ___ on a client then discarded, preferable while the client can view it being done
once
high- frequency electrotherapy machines have how many elctrodes
one
which term describes follicles impacted with solidified sebum and dead cell buildup, also known as blackheads
open comedones
inactive electrode
opposite pole from the active electrode.
Suppose you instruct a client to close his or her eyes before you apply makeup. Which muscle are you instructing your client to use?
orbicularis oculi
Structures composed of specialized tissues that perform specific functions in plants and animals are called ____.
organs
The part of the muscle that does not move is the ____.
origin
the direction of movement in massage should always be from insertion of the muscle toward is ___
origin
the difference between open and closed comedones is the size of the follicle opening, called the ___
ostium
Which organ is part of the female reproductive system?
ovaries
what is a layer of any kind of nail enhancement product that is applied over the natural nail and tip application for added strength
overlay
what brushes should not be used because they hold excessive amounts of liquid and alter the mix ratio of powder and liquid
overly large
what is the process by which oxygen is released within the cortex of the hair shaft
oxidation
the abbreviation used for potential hydrogen; represents the quantity of hydrogen ions
pH
A measure of the acidity and alkalinity of a substance; the pH scale has a range of 0 to 14, with 7 being neutral.
pH Scale
The ___ measures the acidity and alkalinity of a substance by measuring the quantity of hydrogen ions it contains.
pH scale
What are the shampoos that help close the hair cuticle and are balanced to the pH of skin and hair by the addition of citric, lactic, or phosphoric acid?
pH- balanced shampoos
What are the shampoos that help close the hair cuticle and are balanced to the pH of skin and hair by the addition of citric, lactic, or phosphoric acid?
pH-balanced shampoos
clients most enjoy the ___ that manicures provide
pampering
a small elevation on the skin that contains no fluid, but may develop pus is a ___
papule
masks containing ___ and other beneficial ingredients are melted at a little more than body temperature before application and applied over treatment creams to allow the cream's ingredients to penetrate more deeply into the surface layers of the skin
paraffin
what is the petroleum by-product that has excellent sealing properties to hold moisture in the skin
paraffin
before performing a coloring service with an aniline derivative product, the client must have a ___
patch test
salon alpha hydroxy acid exfoliants are often refered to as ___
peels
when giving facials, ___ in the presence of your clients as much as possible
perform your disinfection procedures
oxidative haircolor is classified as demipermanent (deposit only) and ___ (lift and deposit)
permanent
what coloring products are regarded as best for covering gray hair
permanent haircoloring
what kneading movement is performed by lifting, squeezing, and pressing tissue with light, firm pressure
petrissage
The bones in the fingers or digits are called ____.
phalanges
what type of melanin gives bold and red colors to the hair
pheomelanin
clients who present skin abnormalities, open sores, or fever blisters should be referred to a
physician
The scientific study of the functions and activities performed by the body's structures is called ____.
physiology
additives such as ___ are blended with polymer powders to produce a wide range of shade, including pink, whites, and milky translucent shades, as well as reds, blues, greens, purples, yellows, oranges, browns, and even jet black
pigments
Which glands play a major role in sexual development, sleep, and metabolism?
pineal
gauze squares, also called ___, have many uses in manicure services, from product removal to application
pledgets
what is formed by combining many small molecules (monomers) into very long, chain-like structures
polymer
sculptured nails are created by combining monomer liquid with ___
polymer powder
polymer powder is made using a special chemical reaction called ___, also known as curing or hardening
polymerization
the amount of sebum produced by the sebaceous glands determines the size of the ___
pores
the ability of the hair to absorb moisture is known as
porosity
When to use thio-free perm
porous to normal
When to use ammonia free perm
porous to normal hair
When to use acid balanced perm
porous/damaged hair
the ___ is the point where the free edge of the natural nail meets the nail tip, and where the tip is adhered to the nail
position stop
anode
positive electrode of an electrotherapy device ( red )
an enzyme peel that does not dry the skin and can be used during a steam treatment is the ___
powder form
what is the first step of double- process haircoloring
pre- lightening
When a cosmetologist understands the history of their profession they can _____ and _____ future trends?
predict and understand
fuse
prevents excessive current from passing through a circuit.
fundamental or pure colors that cannot be achieved from a mixture are known as ___
primary colors
completed client intake forms and service record cards may contain ___ information about the client and must be kept in a secured room or cabinet
private
cataphoresis
process of fusing an acidic (positive) product into deeper tissues using galvanic current from the positive pole toward the negative pole.
iontophoresis
process of infusing water-soluble products into the skin with the use of electric current such as the use of the positive and negative poles of a galvanic machine.
photothemolysis
process that turns the light from a medical laser device into heat.
The muscles that turn the hand inward so the palm faces downward are the ____.
pronators
The cells of all living organisms are made of a substance called _____.
protoplasm
______ is to a raw egg white as _______ is to a raw egg yolk.
protoplasm; nucleus
a noncontagious skin disease characterized by red patches covered with silver- white scales found on the scalp, elbows, knees, chest, and lower back is ___
psoriasis
a ___ forms from a papule when dead white blood cells accumulate in it
pustule
pimples that have a pus head are called ___
pustules
powdered off- the- scalp lighteners contain persulfate salts for ___ and stronger lightening
quicker
The smaller bone of the forearm, on the same side as the thumb, is the ____.
radius
alternating current
rapid and interrupted current, flowing first in one direction and then in the opposite direction.
The simplest form of nervous activity that includes a sensory and motor nerve is called a(n) ____.
reflex
clients with hair in questionable condition who request chemical services should be required to sign a ___
release statement
a piece of fabric cut to completely cover a crack or break in a nail is a ___
repair touch `
Which item is inculded in the "identification" section of the MSDS?
restrictions on product use
___ implements without properly cleaning and disinfecting them is against the law in every state
reusing
pressing and twisting the tissues with a fast back- and- forth movement is a form of friction known as ___
rolling
treatments that produce heat or stimulate the skin should be avoided for clients with which skin disorder
rosacea
any thin dry or oily plate of epidermal flakes is known as a ___
scale
the list of services that you are legally allowed to perform in your specialty and in your state is known as
scope of practice
a ___ is a large protruding pocket- like lesion filled with sebum
sebaceous cyst
inflammation of the sebaceous glands characterized by redness, dry or oily scaling, crusting, and/or itchiness is called ___
seborrheic dermatitis
a color obtained by mixing equal parts of two primary colors is a____
secondary color
lesions of the skin characterized by piles of material or a depression on the skin surface are ___
secondary skin lesions
non- oxidative hair color is classified as temporary and ___ (traditional)
semipermanent
___ is an allergic reaction created by repeated exposure to a chemical or a substance
sensitization
skin products that have a higher concentration of ingredients are ___
serums
a ___ is a buffer used to create a high shine on a natural nail or nail enhancement when no polish will be worn
shiner
the ___ runs straight from the cuticle down the side or wall of the nail to the end of the extension
sidewall
properly sized nail tips for a client should cover the nail plate from ___
sidewall to sidewall
which material is thin and tightly woven, and becomes transparent when wrap resin is applied
silk
what process lightens hair and deposits color in one application
single- process haircoloring
The physical foundation of the body consisting of bones connected by joints is the ____.
skeletal system
an important part of a facial treatment that determines skin type, condition, and the recommended treatment is the ___
skin analysis
a ___ is a small brown or flesh- colored outgrowth of the skin
skin tag
___ is determined by how oily or dry the skin is
skin type
nail tips are softened with acetone or tip remover and are ___
slid off
moisturizers for oily skin are most often found in lotion form and generally contain ___ amounts of emollient
smaller
what is the curved line where the pink and white areas meet each other on a french manicured nail
smile line
The bone that joins all of the bones of the cranium together is the ____.
sphenoid bone
ingestion of ___ foods can aggravate rosacea
spicy
what type of skin cancer is often characterized by scaly red papules or nodules
squamous cell carcinoma
____ refers to an abnormal brown or wine- colored skin discoloration with a circular or irregular shape
stain
fashion continuously changes, and a professional cosmetologist should always ___ new trends and services in all facets of the beauty industry
stay current with
hair texture is determined by the diameter of individual hair
strands
Regardless of whether a client is interested in wearing long, medium, or short nails, she may decide to have nail tips applied over her natural nails for ___
strength and durability
what are small pieces of fabric used to strengthen a weak point in the nail or repair a crack
stress strips
the ___ of the client's hair and the desired results determine which hair color to use
structure
catalysts
substances that speed up chemical reactions.
between 80 percent and 85 percent of skin aging is caused by ___
sun exposure
shielding the skin from ___ is probably the most important habit to benefit the skin
sun exposure
which of the following is an extrinsic skin- aging factor
sun exposure
what skin condition contains areas of hyperpigmentation, wrinkled areas including areas not in the normal facial expression, and sagging skin from damage to elastic fibers due to chronic and frequent exposure to the sun over the client's lifetime
sun- damaged skin
Which nerve supplies impulses to the skin on the outer side and back of the foot and leg?
sural nerve
foaming cleansers that wash off easily contain a detergent that is also known as a
surfactant
circuit breaker
switch that automatically interrupts or shuts off an electric circuit at the first indication of overload.
An important practical step that promotes effective communication it to do what?
talk less and listen more
what is a stimulating form of massage that consists of short, quick tapping, slapping, and hacking
tapotement
distended or dilated surface blood vessels are called ___
telangiectasias
which term describes rosacea conditions with dilated surface blood vessels
telangiectasias
all haircoloring products require a patch test, with the exception of ___
temporary colors
coloring products that have a coating action on the hair and are removed by shampooing are ___
temporary colors
A color achieve mixing equal parts of a secondary color and its neighboring primary color on the color wheel is a ___
tertiary color
The primary male reproductive hormone is ____.
testosterone
What was the period in history during which Western civilization made the transition from medieval to modern history?
the Renaissance
light therapy
the application of light rays to the skin for the treatment of wrinkles, capillaries, pigmentation, or hair removal.
Definition of cosmetology
the art and science of taking hair, nails, and skin and beautifying it
Definition of game plan:
the conscious act of planning your life, instead of just letting things happen
The career possiblilites are endless for a hard working cosmetologist when
the continues their education and approaches his or her career with a strong sense of personal integrity
Blood is generally bright red in the arteries and dark red in the veins. What accounts for the difference in color?
the exchange of carbon dioxide for oxygen
the system used by colorist to analyze the lightness or darkness of a hair color is
the level system
when using the brush to shape the enhancement on the free edge area, use___
the middle portion brush
Definition of ethics:
the moral principles by which we live and work by.
electricity
the movement of particles around an atom that creates pure energy
visible spectrum of light
the part of the electromagnetic spectrum that can be seen.(35%)
complete electric circuit
the path of negative and positive electric currents moving from the generating source through the conductors and back to the generating source.
Definition of personal grooming:
the process of caring for parts of the body and maintaining an overall polished look
What factors differs between relaxation scalp massage and treatment scalp massage?
the products the are used
tesla high frequency current
thermal or heat producting current with a high rate of oscillation or vibration that is commonly used for scalp and facial treatments
to press fabric wraps onto the natural nail plate and avoid the transfer of dust or oil, use ___
thick plastic
for natural- looking nails, product application near the eponychium, sidewalls, and free edge must be ___
thin
The elastic, bony cage that acts as a protective framework for the heart and lungs is the ____.
thorax
prior to being placed in a disinfectant solution, implements must be___
thoroughly cleansed
The nervous system as a whole is divided into how many main subdivisions?
three
Which of the following is part of the lymphatic system?
thymus gland
With regard to the wave pattern or configuration, textured hair is defined as hair with a ___.
tight curl pattern
which implement is similar to a nail clipper that is used on nail tips
tip cutter
A collection of similar cells that perform a function is called a(n) ____.
tissue
Definition of prioritize:
to make a list of tasks that need to be done in the order of most-to-least important
each color is identified by a number and a letter, with the number indicating the level and the letter indicating the ___
tone
the hue or balance of color seen in the hair is referred to as ___
tone
products that are designed to rebalance the pH and remove remnants of cleanser from theskin are known as ___
toners
what hair coloring product is used primarily on pre- lightened hair to achieve pale and delicate colors
toners
The muscle that covers the back of the neck and upper and middle region of the back is the ____.
trapezius
The largest of the cranial nerves also called the fifth cranial nerve, is the ____.
trigeminal nerve
most cosmetologists prefer___ fluorescent bulb lamps because they show the skin and polishes in their actual color in natural light
true-color
an abnormal cell mass that varies in sixe, color, and shape is a ___
tumor
what are multitask implements for lifting small bits of debris from the nail plate, retrieving and placing nail art, removing implements from disinfectant solutions, a much more
tweezer
what is shaped like two sided nail file, long and narrow, with one or two additional grit abrasives and a final shine surface
two way buffer
oily or dry conditions of skin that cannot be permanently changed, only improved with treatments, are determined by the skin ___
type
an open lesion of the skin or mucous membrane, accompanied by pus and characterized by loss of skin depth, is a ___
ulcer
The inner and larger bone of the forearm, attached at the wrist and located on the side of the little finger, is the ____.
ulna
contributing pigment, also known as ___, is the varying degrees of warmth exposed during a permanent color or lightening process
undertone
`volt
unit that measures the pressure or force that pushes electric current forward through a conductor.
ohm
unit that measures the resistance of an electric current.
ampere
unit that measures the strength of an electric current.
during an analysis procedure, cleansing milk is applied to the skin using
upward circular movements
which tool is NOT designed to dry traditional nail polish
uva or led lamp
masks are designed to prevent inhalation of excessive dust, but they offer no protection from ___
vapors
Thin walled blood vessels that are less elastic than arteries and located closer to the skin surface are ____.
veins
hypertrophy of the papillae and epidermis is a ___
verruca
a ___ application refers to the first time the hair is colored `
virgin
the concentration and strength of hydrogen peroxide is measured in terms of ___
volume
___ tones reflect more light, therefore they look lighter than their actual level
warm
shallow depressions that serve as contact points for nail tips and the natural nail are called
wells
they make up the largest part of the nutrition we take in
what is true of macronutrients?
a ___ is an itchy, swollen lesion that can be caused by a number of factors and usually resolves by itself
wheal
which of the following is considered to be a primary skin lesion
wheal
what is the best color for your terry cloth towels
white
a trash container___ is one of the best ways to prevent excessive odors and vapors in the salon
with a self-closing lid
what single- use implement is used to remove cuticle tissue from the nail plate, to clean under the free edge of the nail, or to apply products
wooden pusher
what product is used to coat and secure fabric wraps to the natural nail and nail tip
wrap resin
___. also known as activator, acts as the dryer that speeds up the hardening process of the wrap resin or adhesive overlay
wrap resin accelator
in the weaving foil technique selected strands are picked up from narrow section of hair with a ___
zigzag motion
The cheekbones are also called the ____.
zygomatic bones
