Cosmetology state board

What year was the preheat-perm method introduced?

!931

in 2012, along with representatives from most nations who participate in the United Nations, OSHA agreed to comply with which of the following?

(GHS) - the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals System.

How to employ successful learning tools?

-Attend all classes

How to enhance your own creativity?

-Be positive

List the life skills:

-Being helpful and caring to others

What are the characteristics of a healthy, positive attitude?

-Diplomacy

What are some of the most effective ways to manage time?

-Learn to prioritize

List some achievements of Sarah Breedlove?

-Organized one of the first nations meetings for businesswomen in the US

What are some examples of ethical behavior?

-Providing skilled and competent services

Major ideas that occurred in the 20th century that changed Americans' ideas about beauty?

-Sarah Breedlove made a hair empire and created a union

What is included in an hygiene pact?

-Toothbrush and toothpaste

List four good personal hygiene habits:

-Wash your hands throughout the day including before and after clients

What are the best ways to ensure you are dressed for success?

-Wear clothes that are clean, fresh, and current with fashion

What are some reasons that African civilizations had a variety of hairstyles?

-a symbol of tribal traditions

Action steps for success

-build self-esteem

What are some bad habits that can hurt your body?

-gripping or squeezing implements too tightly

Importance of learning old and ancient cosmetic techniques?

-it can help understand how we do modern techniques which come from ancient techniques

What are four ways you can avoid ergonomic-related injuries?

-keep wrists in a straight neutral position

What is the elevation, or degrees, contained in a blunt or one- length haircut?

0

The range of numbers used in the pH scale is

0 to 14

kilowatt

1,000 watts

List the eleven areas that a cosmetologist can specialize in?

1. Hair coloring

List the four ways to take advantage of continuing education.

1. Individual development

milliampere

1/1,000 of an ampere.

when applying color for a single process retouch application the color should be applied to the new growth using ___

1/4 inch partings

during the process of decolorizing, natural hair can go through as many as ___

10 stages

The body naturally makes up how many out of the twenty amino acids of the hair?

11

The body naturally produces ___ of the 20 amino acids that make up hair.

11

When creating full- base curls, the hair should be held with medium tension at a ___.

125 degree angle

For NATURAL nail preparation, select an abrasive file with ___.

180- 240 grit

the darkest hair colors in level system are identified as being a level ___, while the lightest hair colors in the level system are ___

1;10

proper maintenance of nail enhancements should be done every ___

2-3 weeks

What is the average time an employer will spend scanning a resume?

20 seconds

When hand washing, it is important to rub hands together for a minimum of how long?

20 seconds

When hand washing, it is important to tub hands together for a minimum of how long?

20 seconds

the standard volume of hydrogen peroxide used to achieve most results with permanent haircolor is

20 volume

during removal , monomer liquid and polymer powder enhancements should be soaked for ___

20-30 mins

Light cured gel polish is a relatively new system that evolved in the year ___.

2000

How many bones are in the adult human body?

206

the u.s. federal food, drug and cosmetic act prescribes that a predisposition test be given ___

24 to 48 hours prior to application

The highly sensitive dermis layer is about ___ times thicker that the epidermis.

25

clients who have their hair colored usually visit the salon every ___ weeks

3-12 weeks

what term describes any art or design that protrudes from the nail

3-d nail art

a __ c-curve is the average in most salons to ensure the optimal structure and strength to the nail

35%

a standard manicuring table is usually ___ long, and most often includes a drawer and shelf for storing clean and disinfected implements and professional products

36-48 inches

One square inch of skin contains ____ yards of nerves.

4

True acid wave

4.5-7.0, contains GMTG, has solution, activator, and neutralizer

In permanent waving, most of the processing takes place as soon as the solution penetrates the hair, within the first ___.

5- 10 minutes

when applying nail tips, you must hold the tip in place for ___ until the adhesive has dried

5-10 seconds

Water is the number one nutrient of the body and composes what percentage of the body's weight?

50- 70 Percent

What is the ideal Rockwell hardness of a shear?

56-57

The average adult skin weighs ____ pounds.

6 to 9

Low-pH perms

6.5-7.0, uses sulfates, sulfites, and bisulfites instead of ATG

Ammonia-free waves

7.0-9.6, does not use ammonia

Thio-free waves

7.0-9.6, uses cystamine instead of ATG

Most acid waves used in salons have a pH value between ___.

7.8 and 8.2

Acid-balanced waves

7.8-8.2, contains GMTG, have quick firm curls, most common in salons

All synthetic hair colors used on wigs and hairpieces are standardized according to the hair color ring used by manufacturers, which contains ___.

70 colors

How much blood is in the adult human body?

8 to 10 pints

what size of foam cushion is specifically made for the comfort of the client's arms when performing nail services

8-12 inches

the cortex, or middle layer of each hair, gives the hair the majority of its strength and elasticity, and contributes about ___ percent to the overall strength of the hair

80

A UV lamp used to cure UV gels can use either 4-,6-,7-,8-, or _____ -watt bulbs.

9

Most alkaline permanent waves have a pH between ___.

9.0 and 9.6

Exothermic waves

9.0-9.6, heats up within, a quick processing time

Hair is approximately ___ percent protein.

90

Hair is approximately ____ percent protein.

90

Contrasting lines are horizontal and vertical lines that create a hard edge and form a ___.

90- degree angle

Vitamin ___ may help improve the skin's elasticity and thickness.

A

Example of a exposure accident.

A cient/cosmetologist cuts herself, blood exposure.

Classic

A client who prefers simple and sophisticated clothing, monochromatic colors, and no bright patterns may best be described as having a(n) ______ style.

What is a hygiene pact?

A collection of things to make sure you smell fresh and clean

Which scenario is an example of an exposure incident?

A cosmetologist

Having a strong public speaking ability is important for this beauty professional.

A educational director needs to have this skill

What is a long-term goal?

A goal that can be reached in between 3-10 years

What is a short-term goal?

A goal that can be reached in under two years

A physical side bond that can be easily broken by water and heat is what kind of bond?

A hydrogen bond

What type of bond is broken by wetting hair with water and is reformed when the hair dries?

A hydrogen bond

Hydroxide chemical relaxers break disulfide bonds and convert them into what kinds of bonds?

A lanthionine bond

The process of steam distillation was refined by Avicenna, who?

A persian physician

What is the fundamental principles in developing a professional image?

A positive attitude, and communication

___ should not be used on curly hair because it weakens the cuticle and causes the hair to frizz.

A razor

How was vermillion created in Greece?

A red pigment was created by grinding cinnabar which is a mineral from mercury to a fine powder.

A weak, physical, cross-link bond between adjacent polypeptide chains that is broken by changes in pH is what kind of bond?

A salt bond

Definition of mission statement:

A statement that establishes the purpose and values for which an individual lives and works by. It provides a sense of direction by defining guiding principles and clarifying goals, as well as how an organization operates.

What is texture services?

A term used today that refers to the variety of permanent waving and straightening services availble ​for various hair types and conditions.

HIV causes____

AIDS

What does Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) cause?

AIDS

Chemical services should not be performed if the scalp analysis shows any signs of ___.

Abrasions

Do no massage or manipulate a client's scalp if you detect the presence of what?

Abrasions

Do not massage or manipulate a client's scalp if you detect the presence of ___.

Abrasions

What is the key to living a happy and productive life?

Achieveing a balance

Modern acid waves are actually ___ waves, which are permanent waves that have a 7.0 or neutral pH.

Acid- balanced

The surface of healthy skin is slightly ___.

Acidic

A solution that has a pH below 7.0

Acidic Solution

What type of immunity does the body develop after overcoming a disease inoculations?

Acquired immunity

Light cured gel enhancements rely on ingredients from a subcategory of the monomer liquid an polymer powder chemical family, called ___.

Acrylates

All acid waves have three components: permanent waving lotion, neutralizer, and ___.

Activator

To be effective, a shampoo must remove all dirt, oils, cosmetics, and skin debris without ___.

Adversely affecting the scalp or hair

To be effective, a shampoo must remove all dirts, oils, cosmetics, and skin debris without doing what?

Adversely affecting the scalp or hair

Newspaper or radio ads and charitable events can best be described as forms of ___.

Advertising

Historically, the first highly decorative braids were seen among ___ tribes.

African

Which civilization is most known for using a variety of hairstyles as symbols of tribal traditions to convey messages of age, marital status, power and rank?

African

A solution that has a pH above 7.0

Alkaline Solution

Cold waving or permanent waving, was developed by scientists in 1941 as a new type of permanent waving that did not use heat. What modern-day term for this waving lotion?

Alkaline perms

Alkaline perms are modern versions of what method created in 1941?

Alkaline perms are modern versions of the cold waves.

AKA bases; compounds that react with acids to form salts

Alkalis

Alkaline substances used to neutralize acids or raise the pH of many hair products

Alkanolamines

A reaction due to extreme sensitivity to certain foods, chemicals, or other normally harmless substances is a(n)___.

Allergy

What is a reaction due to extreme sensitivity to certain foods, chemicals, or other normally harmless substances?

Allergy

The sudden falling out of hair in round patches or baldness in spots is known as ___.

Alopecia Areata

The complete loss of all body hair is known as ___.

Alopecia Universalis

The sudden falling out of hair in round patches or baldness in spots is known as what?

Alopecia areata

The complete loss of all body hair is known as what?

Alopecia universalis

AHA's; acids derived from plants (mostly fruit) that are often used to exfoliate the skin

Alpha Hydroxy Acids

The units of structure that build protein and are joined together end to end like pop beads are ___.

Amino Acids

What are the units of structure that build up protein and are joined together end to end like pop beads?

Amino acids

Which compounds are made up of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and sulfur?

Amino acids

What are the basic building blocks of hair that affect how chemical solutions react?

Amino acids, peptide bonds, polypeptide chains, keratin proteins, and side bonds

Colorless gas with a pungent odor that is composed of hydrogen and nitrogen

Ammonia

___ waves are perms using an ingredient that does not evaporate as readily as ammonia, so that there is very little odor associated with their use.

Ammonia- free

The active ingredient or reducing agent in alkaline permanent wave is ___.

Ammonium thioglycolate

Talk less listen more

An important practical step that promotes effective communication is to _____.

Definition of perfectionism:

An unhealthy compulsion to do things perfectly

What is the growth phase during which new hair is produced?

Anagen

What are the three growth cycles of human hair?

Anagen, Catagen, and Telogen

What are the three stages of human hair?

Anagen, catagen, and telogen

During which step of the consultation should you ask the client what at-home products she or he uses?

Analyze the client's hair

An ___ is created when the space between two lines or surfaces intersects at a given point.

Angle

An important element in creating a strong foundation and consistency in haircutting and creating shapes is the use of ___.

Angles

An ion with a negative electrical charge

Anion

Chemical germicides formulate for use on skin and registered and regulated by the FDA are called what?

Antiseptics

Chemical germicides formulated for use on skin, and registered and regulated by the FDA are called____.

Antiseptics

The ___ is the highest point on the top of the head, and can be located easily by placing a comb on top of the head and noticing that the comb is resting on the highest point.

Apex

This is just as important as techincal knowledge and skills to a salon owner/manager when looking for new employees:

Appearance and personality

When selecting an interview wardrobe, it is critical that the selection be ___.

Appropriate for the position

What type of immunity does the body develop after overcoming a disease or through inoculations?

Aquired immunity

What is the most commonly shaped pin curl base?

Arc base

Padma's class is role- playing for interview practice and she is playing the part of the interviewer. Which question should Padma ask that would be legal for a prospective employer?

Are you younger than 18 years old?

The small, involuntary muscle fiber in the base of the hair follicle is the ___.

Arrector Pili

The muscle that causes goose bumps when a person is frightened or cold is the ___.

Arrector Pili Muscle

Cosmetology is defined as the what of beautifying and improving the skin nails and hair?

Art and science

Hair should be shampooed ___.

As often as necessary

How often how hair be shampooed

As often as necessary

What is one of the first steps you should take when a client is dissatisfied with a service?

Ask for specifics

What hair design is created when the two halves of a hairstyle have equal visual weight, but are positioned unevenly?

Asymmetrical

A friend shows you paperwork from the doctor saying that he has tinea pedis. Which is his condition?

Athletes foot

The smallest chemical components (often called particles) of an element; structures that make up the element and have the same properties of the element

Atoms

Short, rod-shaped bacteria are called?

Bacilli

Short, rod-shaped bacteria are called____.

Bacilli- causes tetanuns ( lockjaw), typhoid fever, tuberculosis, and diphtheria

By making a parting or drawing line from the apex to the back of the ear, you can locate the ___ of the head, which consists of all the hair that falls naturally behind the ear.

Back

If you want hair to be longer toward the front on a layered haircut, overdirect the section to a stationary guide at the ___.

Back of the ears

Where should you start the application of the chemical relaxer, often considered the most resistant area?

Back of the head

When manipulating the scalp during a shampoo, begin at the front hairline and work in a ___.

Back- and- forth movement

When maipulating the scalp during shampoo, begin at the front hairline and work in what type of motion?

Back-and-forth movement

When styling a wig without a natural- looking hairline or a lace front, you should soften the hairline by ___.

Backcombing around the hairline

One-celled microorganisms with both plant and animal characteristics are known as what?

Bacteria

One-celled microorganisms with both plant and animal characteristics are known as____

Bacteria

Discolorations of the nail plate from infections of the fingernails or toenails are usually the result of a _______?

Bacterial infection

Carbon buildup can be removed from the metal portion of a pressing comb by immersing the metal portion of the comb in a solution containing ___.

Baking soda

Establishing equal or appropriate proportions to create a symmetry in a design is called ___.

Balance

What type of shampoo washed away excess oiliness while preventing the hair from drying out?

Balancing

What type of shampoo washes away excess oiliness while preventing the hair from drying out?

Balancing

The triangular section of the face that begins at the apex, or high point of the head, and ends at the front corners is called the ___ area, or fringe area.

Bang

The two front corners represent the widest part of the ___.

Bang area

What is the triangular section of the head that begins at the apex and ends at the front corners?

Bang area

The comb used for close tapers on the nape and sides, and when using a scissor- over comb technique, is a ___.

Barber comb

Large diameter pin curls that are similar to a roller, but do not have that same amount of tension, are called ___.

Barrel curls

The ___ is the stationary (non moving) foundation of the curl, on the area closest to the scalp.

Base

What is the panel of hair on which the roller is placed?

Base

The angle at which a permanent wave rod is positioned on the head is referred to as ___.

Base direction

___ refers to the position of the rod in relation to its base section and is determined by the angle at which the hair is wrapped.

Base placement

In permanent waving, panels of hair are divided into smaller subsections called ___.

Base sections

The ___, also known as straight set wrap, is a wrapping pattern in which all the rods within a panel move in the same direction and positioned on equal- sized bases.

Basic permanent wrap

Visible depressions running across the width of the natural nail plate that are the result of major illness or injury are known as _______?

Beau's lines

Where is beauty culture from the Middle Ages found?

Beauty culture is evidenced by sculptures, tapestries, and other artifacts from this period.

Which action is the best example of a long-term goal?

Becoming a salon owner

The nail bed contains many nerves and is attached to the nail plate with a thin layer of tissue called what?

Bed epithelium

Dani is putting together her portfolio. Which photographs should she include?

Before and after shots showing the services that she has provided

When are scalp treatments performed?

Before or during the shampoo

Moriah loves to read professional magazines, go to classes offered by famous stylists, and watch online videos of the newest styles and techniques. Her behavior is best described as ___.

Being a life- long learner

Katrina is not simply on time for her shifts. She is usually early and well- prepared for her first client of the day. Katrina's behavior is best described as ___.

Being punctual

When the hair is elevated ___, you are building weight in a haircut.

Below 90 degrees

What is the composition of oligomers?

Between solid and liquid

___, or stacking, involves using diagonal lines to create angles by cutting the ends of the hair with a slight increase or decrease in length.

Beveling

In ancient Rome women used hair color to indicate their class in society. What did poor women use to dye their hair?

Black

In Rome, what color of hair indicated a woman belonged to the Poor Class?

Black indicated women belonged to the poor class.

Sodium hypochlorite is the chemical name for what?

Bleach

Sodium hypochlorite is the chemical name for____.

Bleach

A ___ is a head- shaped form, usually made of canvas- covered cork or styrofoam, on which the wig is secured for fitting, coloring, and sometimes styling.

Block

In Rome, what color of hair indicated a woman belonged to the Middle Class?

Blonde indicated women belonged to the Middle class.

Disease-causing microorganism that are carried in the body by blood or body fluids are called what?

Blood-borne pathogens

Disease-causing microorganisms that are carried in the body by blood or body fluids are called____.

Bloodborne pathogens

What technique of drying and styling damp hair in one operation has revolutionized the hairstyling world?

Blowdry styling

In a ___ haircut, also known as a one- length- haircut, all of the hair comes to a single- hanging level forming a weight line.

Blunt

Grooming brushes that add polish and shine to the hair have a bristle mixture consisting of ___.

Boar and nylon

What brushes are best for stimulating the scalp as well as for removing dirt and lint from locks?

Boar- bristle brushes

A ___ in a design can be created using a single line of color, or a series of repeated lines.

Bold, dramatic accent

What technique involves attaching hair wefts or single strands with adhesive or glue?

Bonding

Which substances are used to increase adhesion to the natural nail plate, similar to a monomer liquid and polymer powder primer?

Bonding gels

The ___ uses one end paper folded in half over the hair ends like an envelope.

Bookend wrap

In what method are hair extensions secured to the client's own hair by sewing braids or a weft onto an on- the- scalp braid or cornrow, sometimes called the track?

Braid- and- sew method

Base sections are offset from each other row by row to prevent noticeable splits and to blend the flow of the hair, in which wrapping pattern?

Bricklay permanent wrap

What is a nail condition in which blood clots form under the nail plate due to a small injury of the nail plate?

Bruised nails

What term refers to a plan to meet financial obligations?

Budget

What type of UV or LED gel is used when sculpting light cured gel using forms?

Building Gel

Which substances include any thick- viscosity resin that allows the cosmetologist to build an arch and curve into the fingernail?

Building gels

___ and skin rashes are the two general types of injuries that can occur in a hair pressing.

Burns

What is a written plan that describes a business a foresees projections for the next five years?

Business plan

Vitamin ___ promotes the production of collagen.

C

Arc base pin curls are also known as half- moon or ___ base curls.

C- shaped base curls

Standard Precautions that require the employer and employee to assume that all human blood and body fluids are potentially infectious are published by the

CDC-centers for disease control snd prevention.

The major elements that make up human hair are carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and sulfur, are called what?

COHNS elements

The major elements that make up human hair are carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and sulfur, often referred to as ___.

COHNS elements

Continued pressure on any part of the skin causes it to thicken and develop into a ___.

Callus

Patti is interviewing for her dream job. The interviewer asks her about the number of children she has. What is the best approach to answering this question?

Calmly state that she would prefer to focus on her relevant skills

What is the technical term for gray hair?

Canities

What is the wig type recommended for a client with no hair or extremely thing hair?

Cap wig

One reason for entering into a partnership agreement is to have ___.

Capital for investment

Pin curls sliced from a shaping and formed without lifting the hair from the head are refered to as ___.

Carved curls

Which pin curls are fastened to the head in a standing position to create height in the hair design?

Cascade curls

An ion with a positive electrical charge

Cation

Who were the biggest trendsetter in beauty application in the early 20th century?

Celebrities and society figures

A general rule of thumb when cutting hair is to stand or sit directly in front of the are you are cutting, and to keep your body weight ___.

Centered

During salon visits, to ensure that all key areas are observed, it is important to develop a ___.

Checklist

Which substances work to break down stubborn films and remove the residue of pedicure products such as salts, scrubs, and masks?

Chelating soap

WHich substances work to break down stubborn films and remove the residue of pedicure products such as scrubs, salts, and masks?

Chelating soaps-work in all types of water,low sudsing, works well with hard tap water,

Within the natural hairstyling/ braiding world, hair is referred to as natural or virgin if it has never had any ___ treatments.

Chemical

A change in the chemical composition or makeup of a substance

Chemical Change

Characteristics that can only be determined by a chemical reaction and a chemical change in the substance

Chemical Properties

What is the process of rearranging the basic structure of curly hair into a straightener or smoother form?

Chemical hair relaxing

___ give you the ability to permanently change the hair's natural wave and curl pattern, thereby offering clients a variety of styling options that would not otherwise be possible.

Chemical texture services

Hair that has been lightened, colored, permed, chemically relaxed, or processed with a keratin straightener is called ___.

Chemically treated

Hair that has been lightened, colored, permed, chemically relaxed, or processed with a keratin straightener, that means the hair is called what?

Chemically treated hair

Science that deals with the composition, structures, and properties of matter and how matter changes under different conditions

Chemistry

Without a through understanding of ___, cosmetologists could damage hair, cause hair loss, and harm their clients and themselves.

Chemistry

What true classic hairdo is created out of a simple ponytail that can be simply styled or dressed up?

Chignon

What chemical is added to fresh water before it enters the public water pipelines for the purpose of providing additional water purification by killing common bacteria?

Chlorine

What mineral, considered the chief source of mercury, was ground into a fine powder and used to make vermillion, a brilliant red pigment?

Cinnibar

In 1932, what product did Clairol put out?

Clairol put out the first permanent hair color.

What type of shampoo, containing and active chelating agent, should be used when a buildup is evident and prior to all chemical services?

Clarifying

Which type of shampoo, containing an active chelating agent, should be used when a buildup on the hair is evident and prior to all chemical services?

Clarifying shampoo

A client who prefers simple and sophisticated clothing, monochromatic colors, and no bright patterns may be best described as having what type of style?

Classic

Which brushes are used to blowdry precision haircuts where little or no volume is desired?

Classic styling brushes

Which action is best defind as removing all visible dirt and debris from tools, implements, and equipment by washing with soap and water?

Cleaning

Which action is best defined as removing all visible dirt and debris from tools, implements, and equipment by washing with soap and water?

Cleaning

Which of the following is a mechanical process?

Cleaning

Which action is an acceptable way to clean tools or instruments?

Cleaning solvent

Which of the following is a mechanical process? (scrubbing)

Cleaning--soap and water or detergent and water to remove visible dirt, debris, and disease causing germs. required to do before disinfecting.

What are the two basic requirements for maintaining a healthy scalp?

Cleanliness and Stimulation

What are the two basic requirements for maintaining a healthy scalp?

Cleanliness and stimulation

Every new client should complete a what, also called a client questioniare, consultation card, of health history form?

Client Intake form

What verbal communication with a client assists in determine the client's needs and how to achieve the desired results?

Client consultaion

A ___ is a conversation between you and your client when you find out what the client is looking for, offer suggestions and professional advice, and come to a joint decision about the most suitable haircut.

Client consultation

When securing a cape as draping for a basic shampoo, do not let the cape touch the ___.

Client's skin

What technique allows you to cut hair very close to the scalp and create a flat top or square shape?

Clipper- over- comb

Electric or battery- operated tools that cut the hair by using two moving blades held in place by a metal plate with teeth are called ___.

Clippers

The terms ___ and ___ curls are used to describe the direction of pin curls.

Clockwise; counterclockwise

When using the slicing technique to remove weight and add movement through the lengths of the hair, the shears should never be completely ___.

Closed

Which pin curls produce waves that get smaller in size toward the end?

Closed- center curls

The basic hair textures are fine, medium, and ___.

Coarse

Which type of hair has the largest diameter and usually requires more processing?

Coarse Hair

Which type of hair has the largest diameter and usually requires more processing?

Coarse hair

In terms of braiding and other natural hairstyling, the diameter of hair refers to whether the hair is ___

Coarse, medium, or fine

Round shaped bacteria are called____.

Cocci

The type of bacteria that rarely shows any active motility is known as what?

Cocci

The type of bacterica that rarely shows any active motility is known as _____.

Cocci

What are round-shaped bacteria?

Cocci

Alkaline waves, also known as ___, were developed in 1941.

Cold waves

What is a fibrous protein that gives skin form and strength?

Collagen

The five basic elements of three- dimensional hair design are line, form, space, design texture, and ___.

Color

What element acts as an illusion and helps to create lines of attention in a hair style?

Color

Shampoos that are created by combing the surfactant base with basic color pigments are called ___.

Color- enhancing shampoos

Shampoos that are created by combining the surfactant base with basic color pigments are called what?

Color-enhancing shampoo

What blow- dryer attachment loosens the curl pattern in textured hair for braiding styles, and dries, stretches, and softens textured hair?

Comb nozzle

Rapid oxidation of a substances accompanied by the production of heat and light

Combustion

When sebum hardens and the sebaceous duct becomes clogged, the pore impaction that is formed is a ___.

Comedo

What is compensation that is paid as a direct result of the total amount of service dollars generated for a salon?

Commission

During the Chou Dynasty , what happened to commoners caught wearing royal colors?

Commoners wearing gold or sliver on their nails were put to death.

A disease that is transmitted from one person to another is called____.

Communicable

What is a disease that is transmitted from one person to another?

Communicable

Effective human relations and what skills build lasting relationships, accelerate professional growth, and promote a positive work environment?

Communication

Professionals who practice active listening and have both non-verbal and verbal skills are effective at what?

Communication

When communicating with your salon manager, you should be open and honest, have correct information, and never do what?

Complain about colleagues

Rollers should be placed ___ in a roller set where the least amount of volume is desired.

Completely off the base

If studying or other activities become overwhelming focus on what?

Completing smaller tasks at a time

AKA compounds; a chemical combination of two or more atoms of different elements in definite (fixed) proportions

Compound Molecules

A ___ profile has a receding forehead and chin.

Concave

What is the most common type of perm?

Concave rods

What nozzle attachment of a blowdryer directs the air stream to any section of the hair more intensely?

Concentrator

When cleaning a wig made o human hair, you should also ___.

Condition it

As a rule of thumb, coarse and gray hair can withstand more heat than ___.

Conditioned hair

What special chemical agents are applied to hair to deposit protein or moisturizer to help restore the hair's strength, infuse moisture, give hair body, and protect hair against possible breakage?

Conditioners

What special chemical agents are applied to the hair to deposit protein or moisturizer to help restore the hair's strength, infuse moisture, give hair body, and protect hair against possible breakage?

Conditioners

Often called simply " the shampoo" this first step of the service actually encompasses three different processes: scalp care and massage, shampooing, and ___.

Conditioning

Often simply called "the shampoo," this first step of service actually encompasses three different processes; scalp care and massage, shampooing, and what?

Conditioning

What type of shampoo, also known as moisturizing shampoo, is designed to make the hair appear smooth and shiny and to improve manageability of the hair?

Conditioning

___ shampoo, also known as moisturizing shampoo, is designed to make the hair appear smoother and shiny and to improve the manageability of the hair.

Conditioning

Perform a thorough ___ in order to avoid client misunderstanding and ensure a happy ending to every natural hairstyling service.

Consultation

Supplies that are used and replaced in the daily business operation are identified as ___.

Consumption supplies

Vanya, a single mother of three with a minimum- wage job, is interviewing for salon positions as she finishes up cosmetology school. She is concerned about what she will wear to her job interviews. What is the best advise?

Contact a group such as Dress for Success or Wardrobe for opportunity to obtain appropriate clothing.

Which activity is most important to a successful career, holds the key to individual development and personal motivation, provides knowledge and builds confidence, and promotes career advancements?

Continuing education

A ___ profile has a prominent forehead and chin, with other features receded inward.

Convex

The best overall blade edge for a hair stylist is ___, because it will give you the smoothest cut and is the sharpest edge possible.

Convex

___, also known as canerows, are narrow rows of visible braids that lie close to the scalp and are created with a three- strand, on- the- scalp braiding technique.

Cornrows

Which business structure saves you money in taxes, provides greater business flexibility, and makes raising capital easier?

Corporation

A lengthwise section of hair shows that cuticle scales overlap and each individual cuticle scale is attached to the ___.

Cortex

The changes involved in oxidation haircoloring, wet setting, thermal styling, permanent waving, and chemical hair relaxing take place within the ___.

Cortex

The fibrous protein core formed by elongated cells that contains melanin pigment is the ___.

Cortex

Which layer of the hair is located directly beneath the cuticle layer and is responsible for the incredible strength and elasticity of human hair?

Cortex

Maintaining an appropriate client relationship mean that you do not attempt to fulfill the role of what with any clients?

Counsler

State regulatory agencies do what?

Create the rules that determine how laws are applied

State regulatory agencies_____.

Create the rules that determine how laws are applied.

What term refers to having a talent such as painting, acting, cutting hair, apply makeup, or doing artificial nails, as well as possessing unlimited inner resources of ideas and solutions?

Creativity

The technique used to check a haircut for precision of line and shape is called ___.

Cross- checking

What area of the head is located between the apex and the back of the partial ridge?

Crown

___ hair can create a larger form of hair that is more coiled, grows more compact together, and will reflect less light.

Curly

What hair type requires less elevation and should be left a bit longer when cutting because of shrinkage as it dries?

Curly hair

Which wrap utilizes partings and bases throughout the panels to follow the curvature of the head?

Curvature Permanent wrap

___ lines move in a circular or semi- circular direction and are used to soften a design.

Curved

In cosmetology, what is the cornerstone of success?

Customer service

What is the dead colorless tissue attached to the natural nail plate?

Cuticle

What tough exterior layer of the hair has the purpose of surrounding the inner layers and protecting the hair from damage?

Cuticle

When your shear is properly fitted, the thumb hole will rest at or slightly over the ___.

Cuticle area of the thumb

Excessive use of _____ can cause Onychorrhexis?

Cuticle removers

The angle at which the fingers are held when cutting the line that creates the shape is referred to as the ___.

Cutting line

The hand position that is used most often when cutting uniform or increasing layers is called ___.

Cutting over fingers

Wrap resins are called ___.

Cyanoacrylates

Which vitamin enables the body to properly absorb and use calcium?

D

Most important part of personal hygiene?

Daily bathing

Definition of personal hygiene:

Daily maintenance and cleanliness by practicing good healthful habits

It its important for stylists to remember that ammonia- free does not necessarily mean ___.

Damage- free

What term that came out in the late 1980's, and was first coined by Noel DeCaprio?

Day Spas

___, also known as hair masks or conditioning packs, are chemical mixtures of concentrated proteins and intensive moisturizers.

Deep- conditioning treatments

What is also known as hair mask or conditioning packs, are chemical mixtures of concentrated proteins and intensive moisturizers

Deep-conditioning treatments

What is the second factor in the overall strength of the waving solution?

Degree of alkalinity

Elevation creates graduation and layers, and is usually described in ___.

Degrees

What kind of water has had impurities, such as calcium, magnesium, and other metal ions, removed?

Deionized

___ water has had impurities, such as calcium, magnesium, and other metal ions, removed.

Deionized

Hair ___ is the number of individual hair strands on 1 square inch of scalp and is usually described as thin, medium, or thick.

Density

The measurement that describes the number of individual hair strands on one square inch of the scalp is hair ___.

Density

The measurement that describes the number of individual hair strands on one square inch of the scalp is what?

Density

What are some items that should be included in you hygiene pack, or personal collection of items, to maintain the necessary sanitary habits at work?

Dental care items, hand sanitizer, and body freshening products

A small, cone- shaped area located at the base of the hair follicle that fits into the hair bulb is the ___.

Dermal Papilla

Small, coned- shaped elevations at the bottom of hair follicles are known as ___.

Dermal Papillae

What structures contain the blood and nerve supply that provide the nutrients needed for hair growth?

Dermal Papillae

The medical branch of science that deals with the study of the skin, its functions, and diseases is ___.

Dermatology

The underlying or inner layer of the skin, which is also called the derma corium, cutis, or true skin, is the ___.

Dermis

Ingredients in shampoos, as well as all manufactured products are listed on the packaging according to percentages of each ingredient or in what?

Descending order

Ingredients in shampoos, as well as other manufactured products, are listed on the packaging according to the percentage of each ingredient or in ___.

Descending order

___ refers to directional wave patterns that must be taken into consideration when designing a style for a client.

Design Texture

Reference points in a haircut are used to establish ___.

Design lines

The three types of straight lines in haircutting include horizontal, vertical, and ___ lines.

Diagonal

___ back partings are used to create the illusion of width or height in a hairstyle.

Diagonal

___ lines are positioned between horizontal and vertical lines and are often to emphasize or minimize facial features.

Diagonal

___ lines in a haircut are those that lie between the horizontal and vertical, have a slanting or sloping direction, and help to blend long layers into short layers to create fullness.

Diagonal

What blowdryer attachment is used to accentuate or keep textural definition by allowing the air to flow more softly?

Diffuser

Spherical bacteria that grows in pairs - causes pneumonia.

Diplo-cocci

What is also known as tact, which is the ability to deliver truthful, even sometimes critical or difficult messages in a kind way?

Diplomacy

___ lines have a definite forward or backward movement.

Directional

Single-use items that do not have the capacity to be disinfected after each client must be what?

Discarded

Single-use items that do not have the capacity to be disinfected after each client use must be____

Discarded

In which step of the consultation would you counsel clients on salon maintenance, lifestyle limitations, and home maintenance commitments?

Discussing upkeep and maintenance

Chemical products that destroy all bacteria, fungi, and viruses (but not spores) on surfaces are known as what?

Disinfectants

Chemical products that destroy all bacteria, fungi, and viruses (but not spores) on surfaces known as____.

Disinfectants

What water purification is used in the manufacture of cosmetics, in which water is heated until it becomes a vapor, then collected as a liquid?

Distillation

What water purification process is used in the manufacture of cosmetics, in which is heated until it becomes a vapor, then collected as a liquid?

Distillation

It is important to work with the natural ___, or where and how hair is moved over the head, when locating the bang area.

Distribution

The salon industry depends heavily on its relationships with product distributors, which are referred to as what?

Distributor sales consultants

Permanent waving and hair relaxers change the shape of hair by chemically altering the hair's ___.

Disulfide Bonds

What chemical side bonds are formed when two sulfur- type chains are joined together?

Disulfide bonds

The cortex of the hair is made up of millions of polypeptide chains cross- linked by three types of side bonds that are responsible for the elasticity and strength of the hair. These bonds are ___.

Disulfide, salt, and hydrogen

The ___ is a perm wrap in which one end paper is placed under and another is placed over the strand of hair being wrapped, providing the most control over the hair ends.

Double flat wrap

Salons often implement what to create a salon culture, protect employees' clothing while working with chemicals, and ultimately ensure stylists are dressed for success?

Dress code guidlines

Hydrogen bonds are weak physical side bonds that result from an attraction between negative and positive electrical charges and are easily broken by water or heat, but reform as the hair is ___.

Dried

What type of shampoo, also known as powder shampoo, cleanses the hair without the use of soap and water?

Dry

The chemical family of urethanes is known for high abrasion resistance and ___.

Durability

When should a client consultation be performed?

During each salon visit and service

Analyze the client's hair

During which step of the consultation should you ask the client what at home products she or he uses?

The most opportune time to discuss increasing your client bookings, raisin you pay scale, or the possibility of future advancement with your manager is when?

During you evaluation meeting

Which agency is responsible for designating disinfecting agents as being effective enough to be used in a hospital setting and effective for cleaning blood and body fluids?

EPA

The act of successfully sharing information between two people, or groups is known as what?

Effective communication

Communication

Effective human relations and _____ skills build lasting client relationships, accelerate professional growth, and promote a positve work environment.

The term describing the effectiveness with which a disinfecting solution kills germs when used according to the label instructions is____.

Efficacy

The term describing the effectiveness with which a disinfecting solution kills germs when used according to the label instructions is what?

Efficay

Which type of nail has a noticeably thin, white nail plate, and is more flexible than a normal nail?

Eggshell

As early as 3000 BC, ___ women wore braids or plaits decorated with shells, sequins, and glass or gold beads.

Egyptian

In ___, perukes were worn by men to indicate that they were in the army or navy or engaged in the practice of law.

Eighteenth- century England

The ability of hair to stretch and return to its original length without breaking is referred to as hair ___.

Elasticity

The ability of hair to stretch and return to its original length without breaking is referred to as what?

Elasticity

The fibrous protein that gives skin its flexibility and helps skin regain its shape after being expanded is ___.

Elastin

Subatomic particles with a negative charge

Electrons

The simplest form of chemical matter; and element cannot be broken down into a simpler substance without a loss of identity

Element

Molecule containing two or more atoms of the same element in definite (fixed) proportions

Elemental Molecule

___, also known as projection or lifting, is the degree at which a subsection of hair is held from the head when cutting.

Elevation

What unblocks the creative mind and allows for the exploration of new ideas and solutions?

Eliminating self-critical thoughts

Blowdrying to prepare the hair for braiding softens textured hair, stretches the hair shaft length, and ___.

Elongates a wave pattern

Dry hair and scalp should be treated with products that contain moisturizers and ___.

Emollients

Dry hair and scalp should be treated with products that contain moisturizers and what?

Emollients

The ___, also known as focus, in a design is what draws the eye first, before it travels to the rest of the design.

Emphasis

Shondra is preparing her resume for a salon position and is struggling with the content in the prior work experience section. All of her previous work has been as a store clerk. What should she do?

Emphasize how being a store clerk has enabled her to learn how to deal with all sorts of customers.

What is a bound collection of photos and documents that reflect skills and accomplishments in your field?

Employment portfolio

An ingredient that brings two normally incompatible materials together and binds them into a uniform and fairly stable blend

Emulsifier

An unstable physical mixture of two or more immiscible substances plus a special ingredient called and emulsifier.

Emulsion

Waves that are activated from an outside heat source, such as a conventional hood- type hair dryer, are ___ waves.

Endothermic

In the croquignole method of wrapping, the hair is wound from the ___ in overlapping concentric layers.

Ends to the scalp `

The top of the papillary layer where it joins the epidermis is the ___.

Epidermal- Dermal Junction

The outermost and thinnest layer of the skin is the ___.

Epidermis

The living skin at the base of the plate is called what?

Eponychium

What is the cuticle overlapping the lunula?

Eponychium

The science of designing and planning of the workplace, as well as its equipment and tool, for maximum comfort, safety, and efficiency is known as what?

Ergonomics

The moral principles by which we live and work by are known as what?

Ethics

The pigment that provides brown or black color to the hair is ___.

Eumelanin

What type of pigment produces brown or black color to the hair?

Eumelanin

Intake form

Every new client should complete a client _____, also called a client questionnaire, consultation card, or health history form.

Light cured gel enhancements should be maintained ___.

Every two weeks

Chemical reactions that release a significant amount of heat

Exothermic REactions

What are three active problem-solving words that should be utilized when building a positive vocabulary?

Explore, analyze, and determine

Extension fibers, hackles, and drawing boards are examples of the implements and materials needed for hair ___.

Extensions

If a cosmetologist provides a service to a client with a fungal infection it is ______ that the cosmetologist will get the infection from the client.

Extremely unlikely

Standard Precaustion that require the employer and employee to aaume that all human blood and body fluids are potenially infections are published by the what?

FDA

You can begin to make decisions about the best haircut for a client by analyzing his or her ___.

Face shape

A client's facial shape is determined by the position and prominence of the ___.

Facial bones

In 1985, a hairdresser, who was led by his passion got his craft and environment, revolutionized the beauty industry by inventing the world's first ammonia free haircolor?

Farouk Shami

The market for products and services related to ___ has expanded to every consumer group, from baby boomers with fine and thinning hair, to young trendsetters, to celebrities.

Faux hair

What method of applying extensions to cornrows or individual braids allows them to look natural, last longer, and not place excessive tension on the hair line?

Feed- in method

If a client repeatedly returns to the salon with broken enhancements, you should try a gel that uses ___.

Fiberglass

Traditional gels, also known as hard UV or LED gels, cannot be removed with a solvent and must be ___.

Filed off the natural nail

What is a treatment that passes water through a porous substance, such as charcoal or a filter, for purification purposes?

Filtration

What is one of the best ways to improve your performances?

Find a role model.

What process shapes and directs the hair into an S pattern through the use of the fingers, combs, and finger-waving lotion, and was the rage in the 1920s and 1930s?

Finger waving

What substance, also known as liquid gel, makes the hair pliable enough to keep it in place during the finger- waving procedure?

Finger- waving lotion

What is a simple two- strand braid in which the hair is picked up from the sides and added to strands as they are crossed over each other?

Fishtail

The Epidermis has ___ layers.

Five

Keratin straightening treatments work by ___ in a semi- permanent manner.

Fixing the keratin in place

___ irons with straight edges are used to create smooth, straight, styles- even on very curl hair.

Flat

A student who is preparing for success should begin to prepare for a test by practicing good study habits and ___.

Focusing on time management

The pocket or tube- like depression in the scalp or skin that contains the hair root is the hair ___.

Follicle

Professional shears are made by either casting or forging steel. Which process is best for ensuring shear durability, ease of adjustment or repair, and highest quality?

Forging only

Another name for the three- dimensional volume or mass of a hairstyle that exhibits length, width, and depth is ___.

Form

To measure symmetry, you should divide the face into ____ parts.

Four equal

What is the technical term for brittle hair?

Fragilitas Crinium

What is the technical term for brittle hair?

Fragilitas crinium

A salon with a national name, consistent image, and business formula used in every location is called a ____.

Franchise salon

The terms single braids, box braids, or individual braids all refer to ___.

Free- hanging braids

Which group ushered in a new era of highlighting in the 1970s by introducing the art of hair weaving using aluminum foil?

French hairdressers

During which period of your business timeline might you move from being a working cosmetologist into a full- time manager of the overall business and to begin planning for your eventual retirement?

From years 11-20

During which period of your business timeline should you focus on adding more locations, expanding the scope of the business ( for ex. adding a spa services), or constructing a larger space?

From years five to ten

During which period of your business timeline should you focus on tending to the business, its clientele, and its employees to grow and expand the business so that it is profitable?

From years two to five

Your license will unlock countless doors for employment. However your career must be what?

Fueled with personal dedication and passion

Definition of self-actualization:

Fulfilling one's potential

What type of curl is placed completely off base and allows for the greatest mobility?

Full- stem curl

Cosmetologists may choose to specialize and work in a specific type of facility. Which facility would be least appropriate for a specialist?

Full-service salon

Tinea is characterized by itching scales and sometimes painful circular lesions and is caused by ___.

Fungal Organisms

Tinea is characterized by itching scales and sometimes painful circular leasions and is caused by what?

Fungal organisms

Single-cell organisms such as mold, mildew, and yeast are what?

Fungi

Single-cell organisms such as molds, mildews, and yeasts are____

Fungi

Which parasite, under some conditions, can cause infections to the feet and hands?

Fungi

What term refers to an acute, localized bacterial infection of the hair follicle that produces constant pain?

Furuncle

The method of attaching extensions to a client's own hair with a bonding material and heat from a special tool is called ___.

Fusion- bonding

Which substance is a thin- viscosity gel that is usually pigmented and packaged in a pot or a polish bottle, and used as an alternative to traditional nail lacquer?

Gel polish

Your older clients may not like gum chewing, slang, or the word yeah instead of yes. Awareness of these what will help you remain professional with all clientele?

Generational differences

When cleaning a wig, follow the manufacturer's directions and select a shampoo that is ___.

Gentle

Which action is the best example of short-term goals?

Getting to class on time

What two movie stars made nail polish popular in the 1930's?

Gloria Season and Jean Harlow made nail polish very popular.

Which type of gel, also known as a sealing gel or shine gel, is used over the finished and filed gel application to create a high shine?

Glossing gel

Sweet, colorless, oily substance used as a solvent and as a moisturizer in skin and body creams

Glycerin

What is the main active ingredient in true acid and acid- balanced waving lotions?

Glyceryl monothioglycolate

An alpha hydroxy acid used in exfoliation to lower the pH of products.

Glycolic Acid

Which term refers to the identification of long-term and short-term goals?

Goal setting

What were the royal colors of the Chou Dynasty?

Gold and silver

What were the royal colors during the Chou Dynasty in China?

Gold and sliver

Maintaining a good what while shampooing will prevent unnecessary muscle aches, back strains, and fatigues?

Good posture

Hair that grows below the partial ridge, or crest, hangs because of ___

Gravity

Avoid excessive heat, particularly when pressing ___ hair, to avoid discoloration and breakage.

Gray

The term cosmetology comes from the what word cosmetics, meaning in the use of cosmetics?

Greek

What products did Greek women put on their face, eyes, and cheeks and lips?

Greek women put white lead on their faces, kohl around their eyes, and vermillion on their checks and lips

Cowlicks and whorls are examples of ___ that will affect where the hair ends up once it is dry, especially in the nape.

Growth Patterns

The ___ is the direction in which hair grows from the scalp and is also called the natural falling position.

Growth pattern

Relaxers that contain two components and must be mixed immediately prior to use are ___.

Guanidine hydroxide relaxers

A ___, also known as a guide, is a subsection of hair that determines the length the hair will be cut, and is usually the first section cut when creating a shape.

Guideline

What did Chinese aristocrats rub onto their nails to color them crimson or ebony?

Gum arabic, gelatin, beeswax, and egg whites were rubbed onto their nails.

A board of fine, upright nails that is used to comb or detangle human hair extensions or to blend colors is called a___.

Hackle

The Greek word trichos means ___.

Hair

What is the outermost layer of hair?

Hair Cuticle

Which layer of the hair shaft creates the shine and the smooth, silky feel of healthy hair?

Hair Cuticle

Which term refers to a layer that protects the hair from penetration and prevents damage to hair fibers?

Hair Cuticle

Hair is composed of protein that grows from cells originating within the ___.

Hair Follicle

Hair flowing in the same direction, as the result of follicles sloping in the same direction, is known as a ___.

Hair Stream

A stylist should recommend a hair or scalp treatment only after having performed a ___.

Hair and scalp examination

A stylist should recommend a hair or scalp treatment only after having performed a what?

Hair and scalp examination

The thickened, club- like structure that forms the lower part of the hair root is the ___.

Hair bulb

Which element of hair design is used to define texture and line, in addition to linking design elements together?

Hair color

___ are secured to the base of the client's natural hair in order to add length, volume, texture, or color, and can be created from human hair, synthetic hair, or a blend of the two.

Hair extensions

What process involves temporarily straightening extremely curly hair by means of a heated comb?

Hair pressing

What part of the hair is located below the surface of the epidermis?

Hair root

What is the most widely used hairstyling product?

Hair spray

Hair flowing in the same direction, as the result of follicles sloping in the same direction is known as what?

Hair stream

___ shears, also known as scissors, are mainly used to cut blunt or straight lines in hair, to slide cut, point cut, or to implement other texturizing techniques.

Haircutting

During the shampoo procedure, apply small quantities of shampoo to the hair beginning at the ___.

Hairline

During the shampoo procedure, apply small quantities of shampoo to the hair beginning where?

Hairline

What is a small wig used to cover the top or crown of the head, or a hair attachment of some sort?

Hairpiece

What happened to hairstyling during the Golden Age of Greece?

Hairstyling became a highly developed art in Greece.

A professional ___ is responsible for educating clients about at- home maintenance and styling options for their hair.

Hairstylist

___ minimizes stress and tension on the hair.

Half off- base placement

What hairpiece is made by interesting individual strands of hair into mesh foundations and knotting them with a needle?

Hand- Knotted wig

What type of hairpiece has a natural, realistic look, are wonderful for styling, and most closely resemble actual human hair growth with flexibility at the roots?

Hand- knotted

When the eponychium or other living tissue surrounding the nail plate becomes split or torn a _______ occurs?

Hangnail

Combs that are used for thermal curling should be made of ___.

Hard rubber

In addition to attending school a cosmetologist must be what to work as a professional?

Hard working to work as a professional cosmetologist.

To "cure" means to ___.

Harden

Nonpathogenic bacteria are_____.

Harmless

Nonpathogenic bacteria is what?

Harmless

The five important principles in art and design- proportion, balance, rhythm, emphasis, and ___- are also the basis for hair design.

Harmony

The principle of hair design that holds all the elements of design together is ___.

Harmony

What is the conscious act of planning your life with daily, monthly, and yearly goals, instead of just letting things happens.

Having a game plan

What principles contribute to personal and professional success?

Having good life skills such as being helpful, kind, and responsibility.

Achieving balance within a design can be accomplished by understanding the ___ and reference points.

Head Shape

The location of the four corners signal a change in ___.

Head shape

The body's first line of defense against infection is____.

Healthy, uncompromised skin

What is the body's first line of defense against infection?

Healthy, uncompromised skin

In the 1980's, the beauty products were best described as?

Heavy eye shadow, and gentle hair colors in many shades

What does studying the history of cosmetology do?

Help you predict or understand current trends

Which disease is blood-borne and can cause liver damage?

Hepatitis

Which disease is bloodborne and can cause liver damage?

Hepatitis

What type of shampoo can leave the hair dry, brittle, porous, and causes fading in colored treated hair?

High- ph- shampoo

What type of shampoo can leave the hair dry, brittle, porous and causes fading in color treated hair?

High-pH shampoo

Brushing, massaging, or shampooing the scalp is not recommended if the scalp is irritated, prior to a chemical or haircolor service, of before/after a what service?

Highlighting

Brushing, massaging, or shampooing the scalp is not recommended if the scalp is irritated, prior to a chemical or haircolor service, or before/ after a ___ service.

Highlighting

In the restructuring process, coarse, resistant hair with a strong compact cuticle requires a chemical solution that is ___.

Highly alkaline

What was discouraged during the Renaissance?

Highly colored preparations of the lips, cheeks, and eyes were discouraged.

During a job interview, Oskar is asked to describe his code of moral and artistic values. What is he being asked to comment on?

His integrity

Sensitivity

Honesty is always the best policy, but practicing _____ will ensure that you think before you speak.

Which type of line is used to create width in the hair, extending in the same direction while maintaining a constant distance apart?

Horizontal Line

What type of haircutting lines are parallel to the floor and relative to the horizon?

Horizontal lines

Which treatment should be suggested to an individual with a simple hangnail?

Hot oil manicure

They Can Be Synthesized by the Body and Need Not be Obtained From Diet

How are nonessential amino acids different from other amino acids?

Three Times a Week

How often should you exercise for about 30 minutes in order to maintain good health habits?

In the braid- and- sew method of hair extensions, the angle of the track determines ___.

How the hair will fall

What substances absorb moisture or promote the retention of moisture in the hair?

Humectants

One disadvantage of using human hair is the hair's reaction to ___.

Humidity

A physical side bond that is easily broken by water and heat is a ___ bond.

Hydrogen

In permanent waving, the reduction reaction is due to the addition of ___.

Hydrogen

Products are classified as either alkaline solution or acidic solutions by measuring the amount of what in the solution?

Hydrogen

Products are classified as either an alkaline solution or an acidic solution by measuring the amount of ___ in the solution.

Hydrogen

What type of bond is broken by wetting the hair with water and is reformed when the hair dries?

Hydrogen Bond

What is the active ingredient in all hydroxide relaxers?

Hydrogen ion

What is the most common neutralizer ?

Hydrogen peroxide

The three different types of side bonds that link chains of amino acids together are ___.

Hydrogen, Salt, and Disulfide

The term pH is an abbreviation used for potential ___, and the symbol pH represents the quantity of ___ ions in solution.

Hydrogen; Hydrogen

What term describes the water- attracting head of a surfactant molecule?

Hydrophilic

What term describes the water-attracting head of a surfactant molecule?

Hydrophilic

The difference in the strength of most chemical hair relaxers is determined by the concentration of ___.

Hydroxide

The condition of abnormal hair growth of terminal hair is called what?

Hypertrichosis

The condition of abnormal hair growth of terminal hair is referred to as ___.

Hypertrichosis

If you clip the skin under your nail between the fingertip and free edge, what did you clip?

Hyponychium

What is the slightly thickened layer of skin that lies between fingertip and the free edge of the natural nail plate?

Hyponychium

Neutral

If a dilute arises among your salon team members, it is important for you as a fellow team member to remain respectful, objectives, and _____.

Why is it important to build your self-esteem?

If you are high in this than the rest of your skills and inner strengths will grow

Beauty professionals are often held to a higher image standards by clients because they view beauty professionals as what?

Image experts

Liquids that are not capable of being mixed together to form stable solutions

Immiscible

What was a major invention 1932, and the brand name was Revlon?

In 1932, nail polish was invented by Charles Revson and the formula was taken from car paint.

Customer sevice

In cosmetology, _____ is the cornerstone of success.

Discuss upkeep and maintenance

In which step of the consultation would you counsel clients on salon maintenance, lifestyle limitations, and home maintenance commitments?

Hair density ranges from thick to thin and is measured per square ___.

Inch

What is one of the best ways for a business owner to protect personal assets?

Incorporating

An ___ is the point where curls of opposite direction meet, forming a recessed area.

Indentation

A small salon that is owned by an individual or two or more partners is called an ___.

Independent salon

Most commercially- used human hair comes from ___.

India and Asia

A salon that is owned and operated by an individual is referred to as a ___.

Individual ownership

Invasion of body tissues by disease-causing pathogenic bacteria can result in a(n)____.

Infection

Invasion of body tissues by disease-causing pathogenic bacteria in a what?

Infection

Redness, pain, and swelling are the best describes as signs of a _____?

Infection

When researching potential employment opportunities, it is important that the stylist make ____.

Informed comparisons

UV or LED gels cure with a tacky surface called an ___

Inhibition layer

Leukonychia spots result from ____?

Injury to the nail Matrix

The edge of a flat iron that is nearest to the stylist is called the ___.

Inner edge

The study of substances that do not contain the element carbon, but may contain the element hydrogen

Inorganic Chemistry

The ___ for design are likely yo come from many sources; movies, TV, magazines, videos, even a person on the street- anywhere, at any time.

Inspiration

What action best illustrates the use of ergonomic principles in a salon?

Installing hydraulic chairs which raise and lower

During a relaxer strand test, hair that is pressed to the scalp and continues to curl is ___.

Insufficiently relaxed

A ___ hairpiece has openings in the base, through which the client's own hair is pulled to blend with the ( natural or synthetic) hair of the hairpiece.

Integration

The hair, skin, nails, and glands are part of the ___ system.

Integumentary

The natural nail is part of what system?

Integumentary

The hair, skin, nails, and glands are apart of what system?

Integumentary system

During the Renaissance, the unusual practice of shaving the eyebrows and hairline was performed to show a greater expanse of forehead. A brow-less forehead was thought to give women a look of a greater what?

Intelligence

The invisible braid, also known as the ___ braid, is a three- strand braid that is produced with an overhand technique, or overlapping the strands of hair.

Inverted

An atom or molecule that carries an electrical charge

Ion

Synthetic hair has a great value, is very realistic, and ___ human hair.

Is less expensive than

Buffing after surface filing ...___.

Is not necessary

What is the importance of posture?

It can prevent chronic neck and back pain, and projects a professional attitude

What is true about the nail plate?

It is more porous than normal skin of equal thickness

What does the saying mean "you are a walking billboard mean?"

It means how your clothes, hair, skin, makeup, and nails look reflects your cosmetology skills

Which description is most accurate of fine, thin hair?

It needs weight and is limp

Which three countries are primarily responsible for manufacturing the steel used to make professional shear?

Japan, Germany, and the United States

___ combines the use of a thio relaxer with flat ironing

Japanese thermal straighteners

Top- of- the line synthetic hair, like ___, simulate protein- rich hair with a natural, lustrous look and feel.

Kanekalon

Which manufactured synthetic fiber is used for hair extensions that is durable, soft, and less inclined to tangle than many other synthetics?

Kanekalon

Lana wants to improve her selling skills. Which technique is good for her to remember?

Keep the best interests of the client as your top priority

FDA and state regulatory agencies require the SDSs be what?

Kept available in the salon for all products used in the salon

OSHA and state regulatatory agencies require that SDSs be____.

Kept available in the salon for all products used in the salon.

What is a fibrous protein that is the principal component of hair and nails?

Keratin

What type of shampoo is manufactured with artificial protein molecules added to the base to cling to the natural protein in the hair and give it extra strength?

Keratin

____- based chemical treatments used for smoothing or straightening are now more readily available but still not considered completely permanent.

Keratin

what type of shampoo is manufactured with artificial protein molecules added to the base to cling to the natural protein in the hair and give it extra strength?

Keratin

What are long, coiled polypeptide chains linked together end-to-end like beads?

Keratin proteins

The hair shaft that emerges from the scalp is a nonliving fiber composed of ___.

Keratinized Protein

The hair shaft emerges from the scalp is composed of what type of nonliving fiber?

Keratinized protein

Phenolic disinfectants are what?

Known as carinogens

Phenolic disinfectants are_____.

Known carcinogens

Which substance was created by Ancient Egyptians from a mixture of ground galena, sulfur, and animal fat?

Kohl

What is the term cosmetology in Greek, and what does it mean?

Kosmetikos meaning skilled in using cosmetics

Hydroxide chemical relaxers break disulfide bonds and convert them to ___ bonds.

Lanthionine

Hydroxide relaxers remove a sulfur atom from a disulfide bond, converting it into a ___.

Lanthionine bond

Vellus hair is also known as ___ hair.

Lanugo

What is another name for vellus hair?

Lanugo hair

Which New York chemist introduced the first permanent haircolor in 1932 and founded a company called Clariol in 1935?

Lawrence Gelb

Haircuts that generally have less weight than graduated haircuts are called ____.

Layered cuts

What is a written agreement with a building owner that outlines the responsibilities for repairs and expenses?

Lease

Ancient Egyptians were the first civilizations to infuse essential oils from what for the use as perfumes and for purification purposes?

Leaves and blossoms

Capless wigs are more popular than cap wigs as they are ready- to- wear and ___.

Less expensive

Minor damage to the Matrix that produces a whitish discoloration or white spots on the nail is known as ___?

Leukonychia

Together, the active stage and inactive, or spore-forming, stage of bacteria are referred to as the ______.

Life cycle of bacteria

Together, the active stage, and inactive or spore-forming, stage of bacteria are referred to as the what?

Life cycle of the bacteria

When making recommendations to a client regarding hair style or color, which of the following criteria should be used?

Lifestyle, face shape, and hair type

The tough band of fibrous tissue that connects bones is called what?

Ligament

The nail bed and matrix bed are attached to the underlying bone by what?

Ligaments

The difference between light cured gels is the type of photoinitiator used in the formula and the measure of ___ to which that photoinitiator responds to.

Light

Use a ___ to draw a line in a hairstyle in the direction you want the eye to travel.

Light color

What type of nail enhancement product hardens when exposed to UV light, and is also known as a UV and LED gel?

Light cured gel

After heating, the temperature of the pressing comb so that it will hold heat evenly along its entire length and provide consistent results.

Light paper

An imported wool fiber available in black or brown with a matte finish that is used in hair extensions is ___.

Lin

A ___ is a thin, continuous mark, curved or straight, used as a guide while cutting hair.

Line

What element of hair design defines form and space, while creating the shape, design, and movement of a hairstyle?

Line

Having an affinity for or an attraction to fat and oils

Lipophilic

___, also known as texturizers, are styling products that are lighter and less viscous than firm- hold gels, making them ideal to use for easy styling, defining, and molding.

Liquid gels

Reflective listening

Listening to the client and then repeating, in your own words, what you think the client is telling you is known as _____.

A pimple or abscess is an example of a what?

Local infection

A pimple or an abcess is an example of a_____.

Local infection

Onychomadesis is the separation and falling off of a nail plate and can typically be traced to?

Local infection

Which term refers to separate networks of curl, textured hair that have been intertwined and meshed together?

Locks

Multiples of 10

Logarithm

A ___ is a basic haircut, cut at a 90- degree elevation and then overdirected to maintain length and weight at the perimeter.

Long- layered cut

A longer nail matrix produces what type of nail?

Longer

___, also known as circle rods, are usually about 12 inches long with a uniform diameter along the entire length of the rod, and are secured by fastening the ends together to form a loop.

Loop rods

When using heat on human hair wigs, the temperature setting on the styling tool should be ___.

Low

___ waves are permanent solutions based on sulfites, considered very weak, and are usually marketed as body waves or alternative waves.

Low pH

Shoes worn by stylists while working int the salon should be comfortable, closed-toes, provide arch support, and what?

Low-heeled

What shows the true color of the matrix?

Lunula

Sodium hydroxide relaxers are commonly called ___.

Lye- relaxers

What is the least expensive wig option?

Machine- made

What type of hairpiece is made by feeding wefts through a sewing machine, then stitching them together to form the base and shape of the wig?

Machine- made wigs

How did magazines change in the 1920's?

Magazines started to put out cosmetics ad, which used to be deamed improper.

Developing and applying sound life skills build a foundation for a successful for a successful career in salons and spas? Which life skill is most important for a cosmetologist?

Maintaining a cooperative attitude

Counselor

Maintaining an appropriate client relationship means that you do not attempt to fulfill the role of _____ with any client.

The maintenance of healthy skin and the careful application of what enhances your best facial features promotes your professional image?

Makeup

Current research confirms that dandruff is a result of a fungus called what?

Malassezia

Current research confirms that dandruff is the result of a fungus called ___.

Malassezia

Modern antidandruff shampoos, conditioner, and topical lotions contain anti-fungal agents that control dandruff by suppressing the growth of bacteria called what?

Malessezia

Modern antidandruff shampoos, conditioners, and topical lotions contain antifungal agents that control dandruff by suppressing the growth of a bacteria called ___.

Malessezia

Who invented a heavily wired machine that supplied electrical current to metal rods around which hair strands were wrapped?

Marcel Grateau

Who invented the first curling iron in 1872?

Marcel Grateau

Who invented the curling iron?

Marcel Gâteau invented this.

What is contraindicated or not recommended, for clients with sever, uncontrolled hypertension?

Massage

___ is contraindicated, or not recommended, for clients with severe, uncontrolled hypertension.

Massage

Normal, healthy nails grow in a variety of shapes, depending on the shape of the what?

Matrix

The area of the nail where the nail plate cells are formed is the what?

Matrix

What is the nail plate formed by?

Matrix cells

Any substance that occupies space and has mass

Matter

Which Polish immigrant americanized his name in 1908 and moved to Los Angeles. where he began making and selling makeup?

Max Factor

Why was Max Factor's makeup very popular with movie stars?

Max Factor's makeup did not cake-up or crack under hot lights.

What should be the primary concern when planning and constructing the physical layout of a salon?

Maximum efficiency

Shampoos contain special chemicals or drugs that are effective in reducing dandruff or relieving other scalp conditions, and may sometimes be prescribed by a physician?

Medicated

___ shampoos contain special chemicals or drugs that are effective in reducing dandruff or relieving other scalp conditions, and may sometimes be prescribed by a physician.

Medicated

Wavy, ___ hair offers the most versatility in styling.

Medium

Which layer of hair is the innermost layer of the hair, and often called the pitch or core of the hair?

Medulla

In order to have a successful business, a top priority in the allotment of funds is to ___.

Meet payroll obligations

All natural hair color is the result of pigment called ___.

Melanin

All natural hair colors are a result of a pigment called what?

Melanin

The statum germinativum is composed of several layers with special cells that produce a dark skin pigment called ___.

Melanin

The tiny grains of pigment deposited in cells that provide skin with its color are ___.

Melanin

___ helps protect sensitive cells from UV rays.

Melanin

What is the name of the special cell in the stratum germinativum, responsible for producing dark skin pigment?

Melanocytes

A dark band within the nail plate extending from the base to the free Edge due to increased pigmentation is known as ________?

Melanonychia

Which relaxer contains only one component and is used without mixing?

Metal hydroxide relaxers

___, often found in home haircoloring products, leave a coating on the hair that may cause uneven curls, severe discoloration, or hair breakage.

Metallic salts

Diedre enjoys spending extra time with her clients and building relationships with each of them. Which type of salon might be particularly suitable for her?

Mid- priced, full- service

What fungus affects plants or grows on inanimate objects but does not cause human infections in the salon?

Mildew

Which fungus affects plants or grows on inanimate objects but does not cause human infections in the salon?

Mildew

You should use the ___ degree of tension when cutting hair with strong growth patterns, or around the ears, to compensate for the hair being pushed up when it dries.

Minimum

Liquids that are mutually soluble, meaning that they can be mixed together to form stable solutions

Miscible

One essential part of any business is what, which established the purpose and values of an institution, provides a sense of direction by defining guiding principles and clarifying goals, and functions as the foundation for the business operation?

Mission statement

Which section of the business plan provides a description of the key strategic influences of the business, such as the market it will serve, the kinds of services it will offer, and the quality of those services?

Mission statement

A chemical combination of two or more atoms in definite (fixed) proportions

Molecule

What is the technical term for beaded hair?

Monilethrix

What is the technical term for bearded hair?

Monilethrix

Chemical services performed on hair with low porosity require a ___ solution.

More Alkaline

Chemical services performed on hair with low porosity require what kind of solutions?

More alkaline

The drive to take the necessary action to achieve a goal is known as ___.

Motivation

Despite what emotions a person feels, what skills will help people move to the next level in their career?

Motivation and self-management

Which type of nerve fibers carry impulses from the brain to the muscle?

Motor

Styling foam, a light, airy, whipped styling product that resembles shaving foam, is also called ___.

Mouse

Stressful, repetitive motions have a cumulative effect on joints and what?

Muscles

What item would be multi-use?

NIppers, shears,combs, metal pushers, rollers, permanent rods

Which of the following may appear to be one solid piece, but is actually constructed of about 100 layers of nail cells?

Nail Plate

What is the portion of living skin that supports the nail plate?

Nail bed

What portion of the skin on which the nail plate rests?

Nail bed

Which part of the nail unit is richly supplied with blood vessels with nerves?

Nail bed

Which part of the fingernail would sweat?

Nail folds

Depending on a manufacturer recommendations, clear plastic ___ are sometimes used to allow UV and LED radiation to penetrate from the underside for more complete curing of the free edge.

Nail forms

As it grows, what slides across the nail bed?

Nail plate

Nail polish is applied to where?

Nail plate

What was first marketed by Charles Revson in 1932, and glamorized by early screen sirens, Jean Harlow and Gloria Swanson, in their early motion pictures?

Nail polish

Tiny pits or severe roughness on the surface of the nail plate is an indication of _____?

Nail psoriasis

The ___ area is defined as the area at the back part of the neck and consists of the hair below the occipital bone.

Nape

As a person ages, parts of the nail matrix begins to permanently slow down production, which causes what?

Narrow grooves running down the length of the nail plate

Brush with what type of bristles have tiny overlapped layers or scales, which clean and add luster to the hair

Natural

Brushes with ___ bristles have many tiny overlapping layers or scales, which clean and add luster to the hair.

Natural

Hairstyling that does not alter the natural curl or coil patterns of hair is known as ___.

Natural hairstyling

A ___ strip is less bulky than terry cloth towels and will allow a natural fall to the hair for more precision while cutting.

Neck

What kind of strip is less bulky than terry cloth towels and will allow a natural fall to the hair for more precision while cutting?

Neck

What is the technique of establishing contacts that may eventually lead to employment opportunities?

Networking

If a dispute arises among your salon team members, it is important for you as a fellow team member to remain respectful, objective, and what?

Neutral

Holding the wrists in a what position while using implements can help prevent injuries?

Neutral postion

A ___ shampoo is designed to re- balance the pH level of your hair by neutralizing any alkali and unwanted residues in the hair.

Neutralizing

What type of shampoo is designed to re-balance pH level of your hair by neutralizing any alkali and unwanted residues in hair?

Neutralizing

Subatomic particles with no charge

Neutrons

When handling a scheduling mix-up with a clients, it is recommended that you do what?

Never argue and always be polite

Which item is an example of a multi-use tool?

Nippers

What type of gloves are considered best choice for use in nail services because thery are more durable marterial and help eliminate the possibilty of latex allergy?

Nitrile

____gloves are considered the best choice for use in nail services because they are made of more durable material and help eliminate the possibility of latex allergy.

Nitrile

What is a hydroxide relaxer that does not require the application of a protective base?

No- base relaxer

What type of curl is placed directly on the base of the curl and produces a tight, firm, long- lasting curl and allows minimum mobility?

No- stem curl

Who coined the term "day spa" in the late 1980's?

Noel Decprio

Products that do not remove artificial color from the hair are considered to be ___.

Nonstripping

Products that do not remove artificial color from the hair are considered to be what?

Nonstripping

Which conditioner contains an acidic pH that restores the hair's natural pH and should be used after a hydroxide relaxer?

Normalizing lotion

What event, which was first held in 1989, with only five categories for awards?

North American Hairstyling Awards (NAHA)

___ is another version of point cutting, in which a more aggressive technique is used to create a chunkier effect.

Notching

Shears that are designed to remove more hair, with larger teeth set farther apart, are known as ___.

Notching shears

The dense, active structure at the center of the cell is the ____.

Nucleus

___ is extension material that may cut or break the hair and melt with the application of excessive heat.

Nylon

After the filing procedure, remove dust and filings with a clean and disinfected ___.

Nylon brush

What federal agency requires that the ingredients of cosmetic preparations be available to employees?

OSHA

___ provides guidelines for protecting cosmetologists from chemicals that can affect your health

OSHA

What bone protrudes at the base of the skull?

Occipital bone

Placed completely off their base, ___ curls offer a curl option with only slight lift and volume.

Off- base

Abbreviated O/W emulsion; oil droplets emulsified in water

Oil in Water Emulsion

The lipophilic tail of a surfactant molecule is considered to be ___.

Oil- attracting

The lipophilic tail of a surfactant molecule is considered to be what?

Oil-attracting

A short chain of monomers that is not long enough to be considered a polymer is an ____.

Oligomer

If possible, a simple resume should have ___ page.

One

Clients who wish to wear colored polish over nail enhancements should use the ___.

One- color method

Inflammation of the nail Matrix followed by shedding of the natural nail plate is known as ____?

Onychia

An ingrown nail is also called an?

Onychocryptosis

The lifting of the nail plate from the bed without shedding is a sign of?

Onycholysis

_______ may be caused by an allergic reaction of the nail bed?

Onycholysis

Which of the following is an infectious nail condition?

Onychomycosis

______ refers to a fungal infection of the nail?

Onychomycosis

An individual who bites his or her nails may be said to have ___?

Onychophagy

Split or brittle nails with a series of lengthwise ridges in a rough appearance to the surface of the nail plate is known as ________?

Onychorrhexis

Mariah has a nail deformity, the general term for her condition is?

Onychosis

What is the technical name for the nail?

Onyx

The amount of colored pigment concentration in a gel is called ___.

Opacity

What are the pin curls that produce even, smooth waves and uniform curls?

Open-center curls

The study of substances that contain the element carbon

Organic Chemistry

Which section of the business plan describes the administrative structure of the business?

Organizational plan

What is the cross- section shape of curly hair?

Oval

What is the cross-section shape of curly hair?

Oval

Which facial shape is 1 1/2 times longer than its width across the brow?

Oval face

Most braided styles are appropriate for ___.

Oval face shapes

A simple, quick stitch that can be used to secure the entire length of a weft to a track is the ___.

Overcast stitch

What technique should be used to create a length increase in the design of graduated and layered haircuts?

Overdirection

Hair that has too many broken disulfide bonds and will not hold a firm curl is considered ___.

Overprocessed

A chemical reaction that combines a substance with oxygen to produce an oxide

Oxidation

AKA redox; a chemical reaction in which the oxidizing agent is reduced and the reducing agent is oxidized

Oxidation Reduction

Substance that releases oxygen

Oxidizing Agent

Specialized clothing or equipment worn by an employee for protection against a hazardis called____

PPE- personal protective equipment

What are the large, flat brushes with staggered pin patterns that are used for mid- to longer- hair length?

Paddle brushes

The method of locking where portions of hair are placed between the palms of both hands and rolled in a clockwise or counterclockwise directions is called ___.

Palm roll

What is the best way to maintain control of the subsection when cutting with a vertical or diagonal cutting line?

Palm- to- palm

___ reduces strain on the index finger and thumb while cutting the hair.

Palming the shears

All perm wraps begin by sectioning the hair into ___.

Panels

The outermost layer of the dermis is the ___ layer.

Papillary

What layer of the dermis houses the nerve endings that provide skin with its color is ____.

Papillary Layer

What is a small, round elevation on the skin that contains no fluid but may develop pus?

Papule

Organisms that grow, feed, and find shelter on or in a host organism are called____.

Parasites

Organisms that grow, feed, and find shelter on or in a host organisms are called what?

Parasites

What is the widest part of the head, starting at the temples and ending at the bottom of the crown, that can be found by placing a comb flat on the side of the head?

Parietal ridge

What is the line dividing the hair at the scalp, separating one section from another to create subsections?

Parting

What term refers to an infestation of the hair and scalp with head lice?

Pediculosis Capitis

What term refers to an infestation of the hair and scalp with head lice?

Pediculosis capitis

A salon can be thought of as a team environment that requires that you practice and perfect your ___.

People skills

Which chemical bonds, also known as end bonds, join amino acids together, end-to-end in long chains, to form a polypeptide chain?

Peptide bonds

What is the unhealthy compulsion to do things perfectly due to the fear of taking risks and making mistakes?

Perfectionism

A no-fragrance salon policy protects clients who have chemical sensitivities or allergies and stipulates that team members cannot wear what?

Perfume

Chemically infused services that make changes in the natural texture, curl, or wave pattern in the hair are considered ___.

Permanent

Hair that has been treated with a hydroxide relaxer is unfit for ___ and will not hold a curl.

Permanent waving

___ is a two- step process in which the hair first undergoes a physical change caused by wrapping the hair on perm rods, and then a chemical change caused by the application of permanent waving solution and neutralizer.

Permanent waving

Specialized clothing or equipment worn by an employee for protection against a hazard is called what?

Personal Protective equipment

What involves the process of caring of the body parts of the body maintaining an overall polished look?

Personal grooming

What term refers to the daily maintenance of cleanliness through the practice of good healthful habits?

Personal hygiene

The melanin produced by the body that is red to yellow in color is ___.

Pheomelanin

What pigment in hair provides natural colors ranging from red and ginger to yellow and blond tones?

Pheomelanin

What pigment in the hair provides natural colors ranging from red to ginger to yellow and blond tones?

Pheomelanin

Which promotion method is an example of social media?

Photo sharing sites such as Instagram

What chemical initiates the polymerization reaction?

Photoinitiator

When making color recommendations to a client it is import to ensure you are both speaking the same language, using what is one way to eliminate confusion and eliminate the possibility of a color mistake?

Photos

characteristics that can be determined without a chemical reaction and that do not cause a chemical change in the substance

Physical Properties

What term best describes your posture, as well as the way you walk and move?

Physical presentation

Clients with skin or nails that are infected, inflamed, or swollen should be referred to a _____?

Physician

If you encounter a client with any open wounds, reddened scalp irritations, abnormal scalp flaking, or infectious disease, discontinue the service(s) and refer them immediately and tactfully to a(n) ___.

Physician

Which tool is useful for lifting and separating textured hair?

Pick with rounded teeth

What is another name for the double- rod wrap technique?

Piggyback wrap

Melanocytes are _______?

Pigment cells

Which gel can be a building gel or self- leveling gel that includes color pigment?

Pigmented gel

___ curls serve as a basis for patterns, lines, waves, curls, and rolls that are used in a wide range of hairstylists and can be used on all types of hair, including straight, permanent waved, or naturally curly hair.

Pin

What is the medical term used to describe dandruff?

Pityriasis

What is a severe type of dandruff characterized by an accumulation of greasy or waxy scalp scales mixed with sebum?

Pityriasis Steatoides

What is a severe type of dandruff characterized by an accumulation of greasy or waxy scales mixed with sebum?

Pityriasis steadoides

If an exposure incident should occur, all disposable contaminated objects should be what?

Placed in a plastic bag which is then

if an exposure incident should occur, all disposable contaminated objects should be_____.

Placed in a plastic bag which is then placed in a closed trash container with a liner bag.

If an exposure incident should occur, all disposable contaminated objects should be what?

Placed in a plastic bag which is then thrown out

To be successful in sales, you need ambition, determination, and a ___.

Pleasing Personality

The twist, also referred to as the French ___, is a classic long hairstyle that is popular in the salon for clients attending formal functions.

Pleat

A highly curved nail plate often called a "folded nail", caused by injury to the matrix or inherited, is a _____?

Plicatured nail

_______ often leads to ingrown nails?

Plicatured nails

Square paddle brushes are ___ because they have a cushion of air in the head that makes the bristles collapse when they encounter too much resistance.

Pneumatic

Which element is considered the hallmark of professionalism?

Politeness

A long chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds are called what kind of chain?

Polypeptide

A long chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds is called a ___ chain.

Polypeptide

The ability of the hair to absorb moisture is hair ___.

Porosity

What is the ability of the hair to absorb moisture?

Porosity

Temporary hair loss experienced at the end of a pregnancy is called ___.

Postpartum Alopecia

Temporary hair loss experienced at the end of pregnancy is called what?

Postpartum alopecia

Maintaining good ___ while shampooing will prevent unnecessary muscle aches, back strain, and fatigue.

Posture

Sitting or standing with your back straight, head and shoulders held high, neck balanced, and the chest opened up and out are guidelines for a good what?

Posture

Which of the following are relaxers often marketed and sold as no mix- no lye relaxers?

Potassium hydroxide relaxers

The sealer or finisher layer of a UV or LED gel product covers the entire nail surface and is wrapped under the natural free edge to ___.

Prevent lifting

What is the key to avoiding problems with posture and movements?

Prevention

When opening a new business, the location selected should reflect your ___.

Primary clientele

The second ingredient listed in most shampoos is the ___, or base detergent, which contains the surface active cleaning agents.

Primary surfactant

The second ingredient listed in most shampoos is the what, or base detergent, which contains the surface active cleaning agents?

Primary surfactant

What means to order tasks on a to-do-list from most important on least important?

Prioritizing

Someone who recognizes and resolves difficult situations constructively is a ___.

Problem solver

Exothermic waves create a chemical reaction that heats the waving solution and speeds up ___.

Processing

What symptom of faulty organization results from scheduling too many tasks at one time and then putting then off to complete at a later date?

Procrastination

What are three habits mentioned in your text that can keep you from maintaining peak performance?

Procrastination, perfectionism, and lack of a game plan

A salary- plus- commission structure is used to motivate practitioners to increase ___.

Productivity

Professional behavior, a positive attitude, team camaraderie, good communication skills, and proper ergonomics are factors that assist in creating a what?

Professional image

The impression that you project through both your outward appearance and your conduct in the workplaces is your what?

Professional image

What is a collection of photos and images of a stylist's work that she or he can use during the consultation to assist a client in making decisions about style and color?

Professional portfolio

A client's ___ is how he or she looks from the side and can be best viewed by pulling the hair away from the face and up and away from the neck.

Profile

The outline of the face, head, and figure seen in a side view is known as the ___.

Profile

Being-well groomed advertise the beauty professional's what of the beauty industry?

Promotion of

It takes the combination of resin, photoinitiator, and a ___ to cause the gel to cure.

Proper curing gel

The comparative relationship of one thing to another in hair design is called ___.

Proportion

Light cured gel products are packaged in small, opaque pots or squeeze bottles for ___.

Protection from UV exposure

The natural nail is composed of hair, fiber-shaped what?

Protein

What type of conditioner are products designed to penetrate the cortex and reinforce the hair shaft from within while temporarily reconstructing the hair?

Protein

___ conditioners are products designed to penetrate the cortex and reinforce the hair shaft from within while temporarily reconstructing the hair.

Protein

What are two conditioning agents that help restore moisture and elasticity to the hair shaft?

Protein and Biotin

What are two conditioning agents that help restore moister and elasticity to the hair shaft?

Protein and biotin

What substances are comprised of long, coiled, complex polypeptides made of amino acids?

Proteins

Subatomic particles with a positive charge

Protons

Bacteria generally consists of an outer cell wall containing a liquid called what?

Protoplasm

Bacteria generally consits of an outer cell wall containing a liquid called_____.

Protoplasm

Nina is worried about taking the written licensing examination because she has a learning disability that affects her reading skills. Which action should she consider?

Provide documentation of her disability and ask for an accommodation, such as additional time to take the exam.

A naturally occurring skin bacterium that can grow out of control and cause nail infections, incorrectly referred to as mold, is ________?

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Which element is central to the salon business for both clients and coworkers?

Punctuality

a chemical combination of matter in definite (fixed) proportions

Pure Substance

A sign of a bacterial infection is the presence of what?

Pus

A sign of a bacterial infection is the presence of_____.

Pus

Definition of procrastination:

Putting off until tomorrow when you can do it today

Francesca is looking forward to a long weekend. Before she leaves work, her manager asks her if she can work on both Friday and Saturday because another cosmetologist has a family emergency. She agrees to do so. Francesca's reaction is best described as ___.

Putting others first

Severe inflammation of the nail in which a lump of red tissue grows up from the nail bed to the nail plate is called ____?

Pyogenic granuloma

What is a safe and useful type of disinfectant, commonly called quats?

Quaternary ammonium compounds

Which queen erected a personal cosmetics factory next to the Dead Sea?

Queen Cleopatra

Which ancient queen had her own personal cosmetics factory, and where?

Queen Cleopatra had a factory next to the Dead Sea.

Which ancient queen used custom blend-blended essential oils as signature scents?

Queen Nefertiti

When testing synthetic hair or fibers by burning, the hair will either ball up and melt, or burn ___.

Quickly with slight or no odor

Scheduling clients for their next appointment before they leave that salon is known as ___.

Rebooking

A curved part is used for a high forehead or ___.

Receding hairline

The first and last person who has contact with a client visiting the salon is typically the ___.

Receptionist

The important job of booking appointments and greeting clients is generally the responsibility of the ___.

Receptionist

Mica just started a new job and gives shampoos, restocks stations, and works the front desk. She is rarely involved with the newer types of styling that she enjoys the most. How should she respond?

Recognize that entry- level jobs often involve performing tasks that might not be her first choice.

Good business operations require a simple and efficient ___.

Record system

___ base pin curls are usually recommended at the side front hairline for a smooth, upswept effect.

Rectangular

What are some natural products that ancient people use for coloring matter and tattooing?

Red earth

In Rome, what color of hair indicated a woman belonged to the Noble Class?

Red indicated women belonged to the Noble class.

a substance that adds hydrogen to a chemical compound or subtracts oxygen from the compound

Reducing agent

Once in the cortex, the waving solution breaks the disulfide bonds through a chemical reaction called ___.

Reduction

If you encounter a client with any open wounds, reddened scalp irritation, abnormal scalp flaking, or infectious disease, discontinue the service and do what?

Refer them to a physician

Surfaces on the head where the head changes, such as the ears, jawline, and occipital bone, are referred to as ___.

Reference points

To prepare for questions that may be asked during an employment interview, it is important to ___.

Reflect on the answers in advanced

Listening to the client and then repeating, in your own words, what you think the client is telling you is known as what?

Reflective listening

Providing skilled and competent services, being honest, courteous, and sincere; maintaining client confidentiality; participating in education; and distributing accurate information are five actions of what kind of behavior?

Regulatory

Hair in which the root end of every single strand is sewn into the base is called ___.

Remi hair

Bending forward and/or twisiting your body to get closer to your client, gripping or squeezing your implements too tightly, and holding you arms too far away from you body is examples of what?

Repetitive motions

In the cosmetology industry or service industry, putting clients first is ___.

Required

Which item is included in the "Identification" section of the MSDS?

Restrictions on product use

Recommending professional products to clients for at- home care is known as ___.

Retailing

The deeper layer of the dermis that supplies the skin with oxygen and nutrients is the ____.

Reticular Layer

What is the first step in the 10-Step Consultation method?

Review the intake form

The regular pulsation or recurrent pattern of movement in a design is known as the ___.

Rhythm

Forcing hair between the thumb and the back of the comb to create tension is called ___.

Ribboning

Who among the following is exemplifying good salon teamwork?

Rochelle, who pitches in to fold towels when she is not busy with clients

The ___ indicates the method of gauging the hardness of the metal (steel) of an individual shear in order to ensure that it maintains a sharp edge for an extended period of time.

Rockwell hardness

A ___ braid is created with two strands that are twisted around each other.

Rope

Backbrushing, also known as ___, is used to build a soft cushion or to mesh two or more curl patterns together for a uniform and smooth comb out.

Ruffing

As of June 2015, both federal and state laws require that manufacturers supply a what for all chemical products manufactured and sold?

SDS

Information about the ingredients in cosmetic preparations and other products are included in a ___.

SDS

As of June 2015, both federal and state laws require that manufacturers supply a(n)____for all chemical products manufactured and sold.

SDS ( saftey data sheet) previously known as material saftey data sheet.

A stockholder of a corporation is required to pay unemployment insurance taxes on his/her ___.

Salary

Misha gets paid $15 dollars an hour. If he works 40 hours in a week, he is paid $600 before withholding. His pay plan is known as ___.

Salary

What is the most reliable method of compensation for a new salon professional?

Salary

Brigida is paid based on an hourly rate as well as a percentage of whatever products she sells. Her pay plan is known as ___.

Salary plus commission

A what is the person who is responsible for hiring and training staff, and will also be instrumental in helping you achieve your professional goals?

Salon manager

Which relation has a vested interest in the success of the stylist?

Salon manager

A weak, physical, cross- link side bond between adjacent polypeptide chains that is broken by changes in pH is a ___ bond.

Salt

Which bonds are relatively weak physical side bonds resulting from an attraction between negative and positive electrical charges and are easily broken by changed in pH?

Salt bonds

Who was a child of former slaves, and was a pioneer in the modern African American hair care and cosmetics industry?

Sarah Breedlove

What is a contagious skin disease that is caused by itch mite?

Scabies

What is a contagious skin disease that is caused by the itch mite?

Scabies

What is a highly contagious skin disease caused by a parasite called a mite?

Scabies

What is the highly contagious skin disease caused by a parasite called a mite?

Scabies

The traditional cornrow is flat, natural, and contoured to the ___.

Scalp

During a dry hair and scalp treatment, a ___, which resembles a hooded dryer, can be used to help resolve the moisture balance in the hair.

Scalp Steamer

Which type of conditioning agent is used after a scalp treatment and before styling to remove oil accumulation from the scalp?

Scalp astringent lotions

During a dry hair and scalp treatment, what can be used to help resolve the moisture balance in the hair?

Scalp steamer

Jasmine wants to make sure she rebooks clients as much as possible. Which approach would be best?

Scheduling the next appointment while the client is still in the salon

Oil glands that are connected to hair follicles are also called ___.

Sebaceous Glands

What severe form of dandruff is accompanied by redness and inflammation?

Seborrheic Dermatitis

What severe form of dandruff is accompanied by redness and inflammation?

Seborrheic dermatitis

The substance secreted by the sebaceous glands is called ___.

Sebum

What is the oily substance secreted by the skin's oil glands that lubricates the hair and skin?

Sebum

What is the working area of the hair that is separated prior to cutting?

Section

For control during haircutting, the hair is parted into working areas called___.

Sections

Fresh water from lakes and streams is purified by ___, in which matter is allowed to sink to the bottom of the collecting reservoir.

Sedimentation

Fresh water from lakes and streams is purified by what, in which matter is allowed to sink to the bottom of the collecting reservoir?

Sedimentation

How can a licensed cosmetologist best keep abreast of new trends, techniques, products, and information?

Seek continuing education opportunties

What is the process of fulfilling one's full potential over the period of a lifetime?

Self-actualization

What are the four primary aspects of ethical professionals, as mentioned in your text?

Self-care, integrity, discretion, and communication

What is based on inner strength and begins with trusting your ability to achieve set goals?

Self-esteem

Which gel is used to enhance thickness of the overlay while providing a smoother surface?

Self-leveling gel

What type of hairpiece is constructed with a combination of synthetic hair and hand- tied human hair?

Semi-hand- tied wig

After your salon visit, it is customary to ___.

Send a thank- you note

A combination of understanding, empathy, compassion, responsiveness, and acceptance can best be described as what?

Sensitivity

Honesty if always the best policy, but practicing what will ensure that you think before you speak?

Sensitivity

Which body part sends messages to the brain?

Sensory Nerve Fibers

What is the client's permanent progress record of services received and contains the results formulations, products used during service as well as any sensitivities or allergies?

Service record card

When choosing a salon for employment opportunities, it is critical to choose one that ___.

Services the type of clients you wish to serve

A ___ draping is also known as a wet draping.

Shampoo

One of the most important experiences that a stylist provides is a ___.

Shampoo

One of the most important experiences that a stylist provides is a what?

Shampoo

What kind of draping is also known as wet draping?

Shampoo draping

To make sure your hair looks well-groomed at all times, what do you need to do?

Shampoo your hair regularly

A ___ is a section of hair that is molded in a circular movement in preparation for the formation of curls.

Shaping

Before purchasing ___, the stylist should inquire about the manufacturing, steel quality, and the right blade edge.

Shears

A hair form should be in proportion to the shape of the head and face, the length and width of the neck, and the ___ line.

Shoulder

___ occurs when the hair contracts or lifts through the action of moisture loss or drying.

Shrinkage

What is the skin that overlaps the side of the nail is called what?

Sidewall

___, also known as serum, adds gloss and sheen to the hair while creating textural definition.

Silicone

Special type of oil used in hair conditioners, water resistant lubricants for the skin, and nail polish dryers

Silicones

The one- length hairstyle is an example of the use of ___ lines.

Single

The ___ uses only one end paper, placed over the top of the hair strand.

Single flat wrap

The largest organ of the human body is the ___.

Skin

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) initially appears as a what?

Skin infection

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) initially appears as a____.

Skin infection

Two rows of ridge curls on the side of a head are called ___.

Skip waves

Which method involves cutting or layering the hair in such a way that the fingers and shears glide along the edge of the hair to remove length?

Slide cutting

Effilating, also known as __, is the process of thinning the hair to graduated lengths with shears.

Slithering

Human hair burns ___, giving off a distinct odor.

Slowly

Brushes that are used to hold and spread the gel should be ____.

Small

Jayden has accepted a job offer with a salon that is typical for the majority of salons in the United States.

Small independent salon

Stylists should use ___ wave patterns to accentuate the face an narrow a round head shape.

Smooth

The surface of a healthy natural nail should be ______?

Smooth and unspotted

Pressing combs with less space between the teeth produce a ___.

Smooth press

Soft UV gels are also known as ___.

Soakable gels

Caution should be used when filing gel nails because they are ___.

Soft

What soft foam rods are usually about 12 inches long with a uniform diameter along the entire length of the rod?

Soft bender rods

A combination of a thio relaxer and a thio permanent wrapped on large rods is a ___.

Soft curl perm

It is important for the stylist to determine if the local water supply to the salon is ___ because it may affect the outcome of the clients' chemical services.

Soft or Hard

It is important for the stylist to determine if the local water supple to the salon is what, because it may affect the outcome of the clients' chemical services?

Soft or hard

What hair pressing process removes 50 to 60 percent of the curl?

Soft press

Informing clients about a product, without stressing that they purchase it, is known as a ___.

Soft sell

Chemical hair texturizers temporarily raise the pH of the hair to an alkaline state in order to ___.

Soften and swell the shaft

An individual who determines policies, has the last say in decision making, assumes expenses, receives profits, and bears all losses is the ___.

Sole proprietor

the substance that is dissolved in a solution

Solute

a stable physical mixture of two or more substances

Solution

the substance that dissolves the solute and makes a solution

Solvent

What term describes the area surrounding the form, or the area the hairstyle occupies, which may also contain curls, waves, straight hair, or any combination?

Space

The skin layer in which the shedding of skin cells first begins is the stratum ___.

Spinosum

The two methods of wrapping the hair around a perm rod are ___.

Spiral and perpendicular

What type of curls are suitable for one length hair?

Spiral curls

In a ___, the hair is wrapped at an angle other than perpendicular to the length of the rod which causes the hair to spiral along the length of the rod.

Spiral perm wrap

What wrapping techniques was introduces when women cut their hair into the short-bobbed style after WWI?

Spiral wrapping

Spiral or corkscrew-shaped bacteria are called what?

Spirilla

Spiral or corkscrew-shaped bacteria are called____.

Spirilla

Physical trauma or injury to the nail bed that damages the capillaries and allows small amounts of blood flow results in _______?

Splinter hemorrhage

_________ are always positioned lengthwise and the direction of the growth?

Splinter hemorrhages

Trichoptilosis is the technical term for ___.

Split Ends

Trichoptilosis is the technical term for what?

Split ends

Which type of brush is good for leasing tangles, knots, and snarls in short, textured hair and long, straight hair?

Square paddle

Good- quality pressing combs are constructed of either ___.

Stainless steel or brass

Which organism are pus-forming bacteria that grow in cluster like bunches of grapes?

Staphylococci

Which organisims are pus-forming bacteria that grow in clusters like bunches of grapes?

Staphylococci ; causes abscesses, pustuals, boils.

The three different physical forms of matter; solid, liquid,, and gas

States of Matter

Which guideline is used in a blunt, one- length haircut, or used in overdirection to create a length or weight.

Stationary

Laws are also called what?

Statutes

Laws are also called__________.

Statutes

What techniques were refined by a physician during the Middle Ages?

Steam distillation

What section of the pin curl lies between the base and first arc (turn) of the circle that gives the curl its direction and movement, and determines the amount of mobility or movement in a section of hair?

Stem

The process that completely destroys all microbial life, including spores.

Sterilization

What is the process that completely destroys all microbial life, including spores?

Sterilization

To find the comb she dropped on the floor while working on her client Tyna lowered her head and turned her head away. What muscle was Tyna most likely using?

Sternocleidomastoideus

What is considered to be the ideal profile?

Straight Profile

The needle that is used to sew extensions onto a track should be a blunt, custom- designed needle, either ___.

Straight or curved

What perm rods are equal in diameter along their entire length or curling area?

Straight rods

___ is best braided slightly damp or very lightly coated with wax or pomade to make it more pliable.

Straight, resistant hair

What four common directional patterns, or waves, are found in all hair and must be considered when designing a style?

Straight, wavy, curly, and extremely curly

Overprocessed hair that is further processed will become ___ and cause further damage, including breakage.

Straighter

Prior to a full- color application to a wig or hairpiece, it is recommended to perform a ___.

Strand test

The layer of skin that is seen and treated by the cosmetologist is the ___.

Stratum Corneum

The deepest layer of the epidermis, the basal cell layer, is also known as the ___.

Stratum Germinativum

The ___ of the permanent waving solution is determined primarily by the concentration of the reducing agent, or thio.

Strength

Pus forming bacteria arranged in curved lines (string of beads)

Strephylococci- causes strep throat & blood poisoning.

Caution should be used with on-base rod placement to avoid addition ___.

Stress and tension on hair

What action would be most helpful in countering the negative effects of repetitive motions?

Stretching and walking around at intervals

Regardless of your salon dress code, your clothing should always be clean fresh, functional, and what?

Stylish

Fatty tissue found below the dermis is called ___.

Subcutaneous Tissue

Recognizing a client's needs and preferences lays the foundation for ___.

Successful

___ shampoos, sometimes called soap-free shampoos, are formulated with little to no alkaline soap base, are compatible with hair and soft water sources, and are known to be sensitive to artificial hair color.

Sulfate- free

What type of shampoos, sometimes called soap-free shampoos, are formulated with little to no alkaline soap base, are compatible with hair and soft water sources, and are known to be sensitive to artificial hair color?

Sulfate-free

a contraction of surface active agents; substances that allow oil and water to mix, or emulsify

Surfactants

unstable physical mixtures of undissolved particles in a liquid

Suspensions

Inflammation is characterized by which of the following?

Swelling

Inflammation is characterized by which of the following?

Swelling-redness, heat, pain

What hair design is created when two halves of a hairstyle form a mirror image of each other?

Symmetrical balance

What type of comb is excellent for design parting, sectioning large segments of hair, and opening and removing braids?

Tail comb

To achieve a natural look when cutting a wig, the ends should be ___.

Tapered

Backcombing, also known as ___, ratting, matting, or French lacing, involves combing small sections of hair from the ends toward the scalp, causing shorter hair to mat at the scalp and form a cushion or base.

Teasing

What is the resting phase or final phase of the hair cycle that lasts until the fully grown hair is shed?

Telogen

What is the resting phase or final phase of the hair cycle that lasts until the fully grown hair is shed?

Telogen Phase

It is important to ___ a new brass pressing comb so that it will hold heat evenly along its entire length and provide consistent results.

Temper

___ in haircutting is the amount of pressure applied when combing or holding a subsection during a haircut.

Tension

Janine's job coach advises her that it is important to have good test- taking strategies. This is the best described as being ___.

Test- wise

During the consultation, the stylist must pay special attention to the client's hair ___.

Texture

Hair ___ is based on the thickness or diameter of each hair strand, usually classified as coarse, medium, and fine.

Texture

The thickness or diameter of the individual hair strand is referred to as hair ___.

Texture

The thickness or diameter of the individual hair strand is referred to as what?

Texture

The correct temperature setting of the iron for thermal curling is determined by the ___.

Texture of the hair

The process of removing excess bulk without shortening hair length is called ___.

Texturizing

Which type of shear is used mainly to remove bulk from the hair, and is often referred to as a thinning shear, tapering shear, or notching shear?

Texturizing

Which type of texture shear adds increased blending?

Texturizing

What is the first civilized to cultivate beauty tins an extravagant fashion?

The Egyptians

Who were the first people to cultivate beauty with extravagant fashions and were the first to use cosmetics as part of their personal beautification habits?

The Egyptians

Archaeological studies reveal that haircutting and hairstyling were practiced in some form as early as the when?

The Ice Age

Service record card

The _____ is the client's permanent progress record of services received and contains the results, formulations, products used during services, as well as any sensitivities or alleges.

Defintion of diplomacy:

The ability to deliver truthful, even sometimes critical or difficult, messages in a kind way.

Reflective listening

The act of successfully sharing information between two people, or groups of people, is known as_____.

What is the small, involuntary fiber in the base of the hair follicle?

The arrector pili

What did a French hairdresser introduce in the 1970's?

The art of hair weaving using aluminum foil.

Today, most wigs are cut and finished on ___, and then cleaned and stored on a drying rack.

The client

When securing a cape as draping for a basic shampoo, do not let the cape touch what?

The clients skin

A lengthwise section of hair shows that the cuticle scales overlap and each individual cuticle scale is attached to what?

The cortex

The changes involved in oxidation hair coloring, wet setting, thermal styling, permanent waving, and chemical hair relaxing takes place where?

The cortex

What is the fibrous protein core formed by elongated cells that contain melanin pigment?

The cortex

What is the small, cone-shaped area located at the base of the hair follicle that fits into the hair bulb?

The dermal papilla

What structures contain the blood nerve supply that provide the nutrients needed for hair growth?

The dermal papillae

Permanent waving and hair relaxers changes the shape of the hair by chemically altering what in the hair?

The disulfide bonds

What part of the face did women in the Middle Ages not wear colored makeup?

The eyes did not have any colored makeup.

What is the part of the nail that extends over the fingertip?

The free edge

What part of the nail plate that extends over the tip of the finger or toe?

The free edge

What is the thickened, club-like structure that forms the lower part of the hair root?

The hair bulb

What is the outermost layer of the hair?

The hair cuticle

What term refers to a layer that protects the hair from penetration and prevents damage to hair fibers?

The hair cuticle

Which layer of the hair shaft created the shine and the smooth, silky feel of hair?

The hair cuticle

The hair is composed of protein that grows from cells originating in where?

The hair follicule

What is the pocket or tube-like depression in the scalp or skin that contains the hair root?

The hair follicule

What part of the hair is located below the surface of the epidermis?

The hair root

What are the three different types of side bonds that link chains of amino acids together?

The hydrogen, salt, and disulfide bonds

Definition of professional image:

The impression you project through both your outward appearance and you conduct in the workplace

Nail growth rates increase dramatically during when?

The last trimester of pregancy

The nail is formed where?

The matrix

During your evaluation meeting

The most opportune time to discuss increasing your client bookings, raising your pay scale, or the possibility of future advancement with your manager is _____.

Information that is contained on a resume should be relevant to ___.

The position you are seeking

What factor differs between a relaxation scalp massage and a treatment scalp massage?

The products that are used

Comparing answers to some of your questions from salon interviews will help you choose ___.

The salon that offers the best package of income and career development

How does the skin of the scalp differ from other skin?

The scalp has larger and deeper hair follicles

Definition of ergonomics:

The science of designing the workplace as well as its equipment and tools to make specific body movements more comfortable, efficient, and safe

What is the oily substance secreted by the skin's oil glands that lubricated the hair and skin?

The sebum

What is the substance that is secreted by the sebaceous glands?

The sebum

Which method was most appropriate for use on long hair during the waving process?

The serial wrapping method

What determines the size of the curl in a permanent waving process?

The size of the rod

The body's largest organ?

The skin

What is the 21st century considered to be?

The specialization age of the beauty industry

___ waving and curling, also known as Marcel waving, are methods of waving and curling straight or pressed dry hair using thermal irons and special manipulative techniques.

Thermal

Which statement best describes UV sanitizers?

They do not disinfect nor do they sterilize

How did Africam tribes color their hair?

They used Red Earth

Why did Egyptians use cosmetics?

They used cosmetics as part of personal beautification, religious ceremonies, and preparation of the deceased for burial.

What did the Egyptians used to create eye makeup?

They used minerals, insects, and berries for eye makeup.

It is essential for beauty practitioners to be well groomed and practice basic hygiene everyday because why?

They work in close proximity to their clients

The process that stops the action of permanent wave solution and rebuilds the hair into its new form is called ___.

Thio neutralizer

Hair that is treated with hydroxide relaxers must not be treated with ___.

Thio relaxers

What waving solutions use an ingredient other than ATG, such as cysteamine or mercaptamine, as the primary reducing agent?

Thio-free

A colorless liquid or white crystals with a strong unpleasant odor that is used in permanent waving solutions

Thioglycolic Acid

What are the most common reducing agents used in permanent waving?

Thioglycolic acids

How do you create a mission statement?

This is created when an individual takes their values and makes it into a purpose that they want to live their life by

The ankle joint is composed of how many bones?

Three

With proper care, a braided hair design can last up to ___ months.

Three

Arriving to work on time, starting the first client as soon as he or she arrives, and staying on schedule are good example of real-life what?

Time management

The most frequently encountered infection on the foot resulting from nail services is____

Tina pedis

What is the medial term for ringworm?

Tinea

What is the medical term for ringworm?

Tinea

What is a scalp disorder characterized by dry, sulfur yellow, cup- like crusts on the scalp?

Tinea Favosa

What is the scalp disorder characterized by dry, sulfur-yellow cup-like crusts on the scalp?

Tinea Favosa

What is the most frequently encountered infection on the foot resulting from nail services?

Tinea pedis

Income in addition to your regular compensation that must be tracked and reported on tax returns is referred to as ___.

Tips

Example of a mission statement:

To allow clients to feel comfortable and confident in the salon

Why did women pinch their cheeks and bite their li[s during the Victorian Age?

To induce natural color

What is a good idea if you work as a film, theatrical, or editorial stylist.

To join a local union

What are some unique traditions of Egyptian and Roman military commanders?

To stain lips and nails in matching colors before an important battles.

What is the duties of the distributor?

To stay abreast of what is accusing in the marketplace

What is a good idea for a haircutting specialist?

To study with other reputable haircutters, this to perfect his or her technique

Ancient people around the world used animal hide to do what?

To tie hair back or for adornment

A ___ sometimes is necessary when the hair becomes curly again due to perspiration, dampness, or other conditions.

Touch- up

A small wig used to cover the top or crown of the head is called a ___.

Toupee

Poisonous substances produced by some microorganisims are called____.

Toxins

Poisonous substances produced by some microorganisms are called what?

Toxins

What lines are curved and used to blend and soften horizontal or vertical lines?

Transitional lines

Which guideline involves a small slice of a previous subsection that is moved to the next position and becomes the new guideline?

Traveling guide

___ braiding is a newer way to add hair for a longer look by braiding or cornrow braiding along with the hair extensions, so that the finished look shows mostly faux hair.

Tree

What pin curl base is recommended for use along the front hairline to prevent splits or breaks in the finished style?

Triangular base

What term refers to the scientific study of hair and its disease and care?

Trichology

What term refers to the scientific study of hair and its diseases and care?

Trichology

What is a condition that is characterized by brittleness and the formation of nodular swellings along the hair shaft?

Trichorrhexis Nodosa

What condition that is characterized by brittleness and the formation of nodular swellings along the hair shaft?

Trichorrhexis nodosa

The disorder in which edges of the nail plate curl around to form a sharp cone at the free edge is called ___?

Trumpet nail

Hair that is arranged so that the cuticles of all hair strands move in the same direction (down) is called ___.

Turned hair

About how many years of post- high school education and training are required to become a dermatologist?

Twelve

A ___ set is a two- part set that can be done on natural hair, transitional hair, twists, extensions, weaves, wigs, and locks.

Twist

The ___ technique involves overlapping two strands to form a candy cane effect.

Twisting

Depending on the usage, a typical UV light bulb should be changed ____.

Two to three times per year

Clients who wish to wear a French or American manicure finish over nail enhancements should use the ___.

Two- color method

What specialized electronic device powers and controls UV bulbs to cure UV gel nail enhancements?

UV gel lamp

Which term describes wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation that occur beyond the visible spectrum of light?

UV light

the UV rays of the sun reach the skin in two different forms. What are these ?

UVA and UVB rays

what rays of the sun cause sunburns and tanning and are also known as burning rays

UVB rays

According to your text, the GHS gives workers the right to what?

Understand safety concerns associated with chemicals

According to your text, the GHS gives workers the right to____.

Understand saftey concerns associated with chemicals.

Describe good study habits.

Understanding what helps you best to learn, comprehend, and remember the material. It is best to do this sitting upright, when you are at your most energized and motivated.

Ridges running vertically down the natural nail plate are caused by ____?

Uneven growth and age

What measures how much electricity a UV or LED bulb consumes and emits?

Unit wattage

Water is the most abundant and important element on Earth and is classified as a ___.

Universal Solvent

Water is the most abundant and important element on Earth and is classified as what?

Universal solvent

What is the practice of recommending and selling additional services to clients?

Upselling

Traditionally, light cured gels relied on urethane acrylate; newer gel systems use ___.

Urethane methacrylates

___ acrylate and ___ methacrylate are the main ingredients used alone or in combination with urethane acrylates to create light cured gel nail enhancements.

Urethane; urethane

When the client's scalp is classified as flexible, remember to ___ to press the hair satisfactorily.

Use enough tension

___ rollers are used only on dry hair because using them on wet hair will snag and pull the hair.

Velcro

What type of hair is short, fine, unpigmented, and downy?

Vellus Hair

What type of hair is short, fine, unpigmented, and downy?

Vellus hair

What type of brush has a single or double row of widely spaced pins with protective tips to prevent tearing and breaking the hair, which can be used to gently remove tangles on wet and wavy or dry and curly hair, as well as human hair extensions?

Vent

The type of line used to create length and height in hair design while making the hair style appear longer and narrower is a ___.

Vertical Line

What type of haircutting lines are perpendicular to the horizon, and are used to remove weight to create graduated or layered haircuts, and higher elevations?

Vertical lines

During which austere and restrictive period in British history did Queen Victoria reign?

Victorian Age

What were Victorian beauty masks and packs made of?

Victorian beauty mask and packs were made of honey, eggs, milk, oatmeal, fruits, vegetables, and other natural ingredients.

A parasitic submicroscopic particle that infects and resides in the cells of a biological organism is a___________

Virus

What is a parasitic submicroscopic particle that infects and resided on the cells of a biological organism?

Virus

___ is the measurement of the thickness or thinness of a liquid and affects how the fluid flows.

Viscosity

___ is the measurement of the thickness or thinness of a liquid that affects how the fluid flows.

Viscosity

The ___ braid is a three- strand braid that is created with an underhand, or plaiting, technique.

Visible

Which section of a business plan includes a long- term picture of what the business is to become and what it will look like when it gets there?

Vision Statement

What is a success strategy that can turn your image of a dream job into a successful salon?

Visualization

Alcohol that evaporates easily

Volatile Alcohols

Abbreviated VOCs; compounds that contain carbon and evaporate very easily

Volatile Organic Compounds

To offset or round out the square facial type, choose a style that has ___.

Volume around the areas between the temples and jaw and added width around the ears

The best styling choice for a client with a round facial type would be one with ___.

Volume on the top and volume or length at the sides

___ curls provide maximum lift or volume, since the curl is placed very high on its base.

Volume- base

Which action is an acceptable way to clean tools or instruments?

Washing with soap and water

The main ingredient in most shampoos is ___.

Water

The main ingredient in most shampoos is what?

Water

Abbreviated W/O emulsion; water droplets emulsified in oil

Water in Oil Emulsion

Curved lines can be placed horizontally, vertically, or diagonally, and are used to create a ___ when repeating in opposite directions.

Wave

Ridge curls are pin curls placed immediately behind or below a ridge to form a ___.

Wave

What term refers to the shape of the hair strand?

Wave Pattern

The ___, or the amount of movement in the hair strand, varies from client to client, as well as within the same head of hair.

Wave pattern

What term refers to the shape of the hair strand?

Wave pattern

What are the two defining characteristics of hair type?

Wave patterns and hair texture

What is a very effective technique for blending between perm rods with opposite base directions using zigzag partings to divide base areas?

Wave technique

Which technique involves sewing a weft of faux or natural hair onto a cornrow braid, and then wrapping and locking to create African locks or dreadlocks?

Weaving

Capless wigs are made by weaving human or artificial hair into ___, which are long strips of hair with a threaded edge.

Wefts

The __ is the visual line in the haircut where the ends of the hair hang together.

Weight line

When executing an updo, inspect the shape from every angle to make sure it is ___.

Well- balanced and proportioned

Enzymes

What are catalysts that break down complex food molecules?

Carbohydrates

What are compounds that break down sugars and supply body energy?

Macronutrients used to produce energy in the body

What are fats?

Calories

What are measures of heat units, used to measure food energy for the body?

Chains of Amino Acid Molecules

What are proteins?

Government-Issued Measurements for Amounts of Foods We Should Eat

What are recommended dietary allowances (RDA)?

Blood Coagulation

What body function is aided by vitamin K?

Provides Energy to Cells and Converts Energy to Carbon Dioxide

What does adenosine triphosphate do?

Citrus Fruits

What food contains the greatest abundance of bioflavonoids?

Amino Acids

What forms the building blocks of protein?

One or More Vitamins

What has been added to a food product if it is labeled as fortified?

Seeking Superficial Approval

What is NOT an important reason for estheticians to develop and use good health habits?

Professional portfolio

What is a collection of photos and images of a stylist's work that she or he can use during the consultation to assist a client in making decisions about style and color?

Sunshine Vitamin

What is a common name for vitamin D?

Regulating Nutrition-Related Affairs

What is a function of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)?

Omega-3 Fatty Acids

What is another name for alpha-linoleic acid, a type of "good" polyunsaturated fat that may decrease cardiovascular disease?

Ascorbic Acid

What is another name for vitamin C?

Water-Binding Substance Between the Fibers of the Dermis

What is glycosaminoglycan?

Condition in Which the Blood Sugar Drops Too Low

What is hypoglycemia?

Ask for specifics

What is one of the first steps you should take when a client is dissatisfied with a service?

Aids in the Functioning and Repair of Skin Cells

What is one of the functions of the antioxidant vitamin A?

Retin-A

What is the commercial name for the vitamin-A derivative retinoic acid?

Omega-6

What is the common name for linoleic acid, which is used to make important hormones?

Review the intake form

What is the first step in the 10-step consultation method?

United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)

What is the governmental agency that issues the recommended nutritional guideline "MyPlate"?

Tocopherol

What is the scientific name for vitamin E?

Osteoporosis

What is the term for a thinning of the bones caused by the reabsorption of calcium into the bones?

Arteriosclerosis

What is the term for clogging and hardening of the arteries?

Vitamin A

What is the vitamin from which tretinoin (used for collagen synthesis, hyperpigmentation, and acne) is derived?

Micronutrients Have No Calories or Nutritional Value

What is true of micronutrients?

It is the One Essential Nutrient no Person Can Live Without

What is true of water?

Sulphur

What mineral contributes to body tissue formation and gives strength to keratin?

Flouride

What mineral is commonly used in toothpaste because it contributes to bone and teeth formation?

Magnesium

What mineral is required for energy release and protein synthesis?

Potassium

What mineral is required for energy use, water balance, and molecular movement?

Sodium

What mineral moves carbon dioxide, regulates water levels, and transports materials through cell membranes?

Calcium

What mineral serves the function of forming and maintaining teeth and bones?

Mucopolysaccharides

What term refers to carbohydrate-lipid complexes that are also good water binders?

Monosaccharides

What term refers to carbohydrates made up of one basic sugar unit?

Polysaccharides

What term refers to carbohydrates that contain three or more simple carbohydrate molecules.

Minerals

What term refers to organic materials that are required for many reactions of the cells and body?

Disaccharides

What term refers to sugars made up of two simple sugars, such as lactose and sucrose?

Vitamin B

What type of vitamin is niacin?

Vitamin B

What type of vitamin is riboflavin?

Client consultation

What verbal communication with a client assists in determining the client's needs and how to achieve the desired results?

Complain about colleagues

When communicating with your salon manager, you should be open and honest, have correct information, and never _____.

Never argue and always be polite

When handling a scheduling mix up with a client, it is recommended that you _____.

Photos

When making color recommendations to a client, it is important to ensure that you both are speaking the same language. Using _____ is one way to eliminate confusion and eliminate the possibility of a color mistake.

Lifestyle, face shape, and hair type

When making recommendations to a client regarding hair style or color, which of the rolling criteria should be used?

During each salon visit and service

When should a client consultation be performed?

Ingrid is an excellent cosmetologist but has difficulty taking tests. She meets with a job coach, who advises her to look for quality conditions in test questions. Which question includes a qualifying condition?

Which of the following is usually part of a practical exam?

Salon manager

Which relationship has vested interest in the success of the stylist?

Which foot spa has come under scrutiny because of disease-causing mircoorganisms tend to grow inside it?

Whirhpool foot spas

Which foot spa has come under scrutiny because disease-causing microorganisms tend to grow inside it?

Whirlpool foot spa

Which type of comb is used mainly to detangle the hair?

Wide- tooth comb

The teeth on ___ range i width from medium to large, and have long rounded tips to avoid scratching the scalp.

Wide- tooth combs

Lighter highlights may be used at the temples on a client with a narrow forehead to create the illusion of ___.

Width

A ___ can be defined as an artificial covering for the head consists of a network of interwoven hair and completely covers the client's hair.

Wig

What hair type is very resistant to hair pressing and requires more heat and pressure?

Wiry/ curly

How is the hair wrapped around the roller to create curls in the hair?

With two and a half turns

What unique beauty trend did women in the Renaissance take apart of?

Women elongated their foreheads by plucking their eyebrows and hairline in an attempt to seem more intelligent.

During the Victorian Age, how did women preserve their beauty?

Women used beauty masks and packs

How did Victorian induce natural colors instead of using cosmetics?

Women would bite their lips or pinch their cheeks to induce a natural color.

What styling technique is used to keep curly hair smooth and straight while retaining its shape?

Wrapping

In permanent waving, the shape and type of curl are determined by the shape and type of rod and the ___.

Wrapping method

What types of injuries are most commonly reported by stylists inn salons that do not pratice ergonomics?

Wrist and back injuries

Azalee finds herself working at a salon that does not have job descriptions. What is the best approach for her to take in this situation?

Write a draft job description and share it with her manager.

Extension fibers come in a variety of types: Kanekalon, nylon, rayon, human hair, yarn, lin, and ___.

Yak

What strong extension material comes from the domestic ox found in the mountains of Tibet and central Asia?

Yak

A light, soft extension material that does not reflect light and gives the braid a matte finish is ___.

Yarn

In the early stages, a typical bacterial infection on the nail plate can be identified as a?

Yellow-green spot

Can the salon business usually withstand recessions better than other industries?

Yes, salons can withstand recessions well

How do you go about setting long- and short-term goals?

You goal set by mapping at the destination you want to reach, and then find out the different paths that will get you there.

What factor most affects how well you perform during the written licensing examinations and on tests in general?

Your mastery of course content

Sitting or standing improperly can put a great deal of stress on what?

Your neck, shoulders, back, and legs

Generational differences

Your older clients may not like gum chewing, slang, or the use of yeah instead of yes. Awareness of these______ will help you remain professional with all clientele.

Definition of physical presentation:

Your posture, as well as the way you walk and move

___, are an alternative when hand washing station is not available, but should not take the place of hand washing

`hand sanitizers

when lightly tapped with the handle of a brush, hard nail enhancements make __

a clicking sound

chromophore

a color component within the skin such as blood or melanin

monomer liquid and polymer powder should be stored separately in covered containers in ___

a cool, dark area

desincrustation

a form of anaphoresis, process used to soften and emulsify grease deposits (oil) and blackheads in the hair follicles.

what is one of the most effective ways to ensure safe working conditions in a salon, and especially a nail salon

a local source capture ventilation system

nonconductor

a material that does not transmit electricity.

laser

a medical device that uses electromagnetic radiation for hair removal and skin treatments

intense pulse light

a medical device that uses multiple colors and wavelengths of focused light to treat spide veins, hyperpigmentation, rosacea and redness, wrinkles, enlarged hair follicles and pores, and excessive hair.

light-emitting diode

a medical device used to reduce acne increase skin circulation and improve the collagen content in the skin.

Cosmetology fields:

a term that encompasses a broad range of specialty areas, including hairstyles, nail technology, and estheics.

you should NEVER apply haircolor to a client if the scalp has any obvious signs of

abrasions

cosmetologists should avoid wearing jewelry on the hands or arms while administering facial treatments because rings and bracelets may ____ the client

accidentally injure

nail wraps are removed by immersing the entire enhancement in a small glass bowl filled with ___

acetone

___ primers were developed because acid-based nail primer is corrosive to the skin and potentially dangerous to eyes

acid- free and non-acid

___ is considered a skin type because the tendency to develop this condition is hereditary

acne

what is a skin disorder characterized by chronic inflammation of the sebaceous glands caused from retained secretions

acne

light therapy using a light- emitting diode (LED) uses blue light to treat skin that is ___

acne-prone

powdered persulfate salts added to haircolor to increase its lightening ability are

activators

Muscles that draw the fingers together are called ____.

adductors

Another term for fat is ____ tissue.

adipose

activators come in several different forms: brush on bottle, pump spray- on, and

aerosol

cotton used on the end of a wooden pusher should be changed___

after each use

as a rule of thumb, the lower the grit on abrasive nail file, the more _____ its action will be

aggressive

containers that create the perfect environment for pethogens to grow and reproduce are

airtight

congenital hypopigmentation, or absence of melanin pigment of the body, including the skin, hair, and eyes is called ___

albinism

the term ___ means lack of lipids, and describes skin that does not produce enough sebum, indicated by absence of visible pores

alipidic

as part of their composition, all permanent haircoloring products and lighteners contain both a developer and an ___

alkalizing ingredient

the two types of contact dermatitis are __

allergic and irritant

exfoliants that dissolve the bonds and intercellular cement between cells are ___

alpha hydroxy acids

Alkaline waves

also known as cold waves; 9.0-9.6, uses ATG, exothermic

Farouk Shami

ammonia free hair dye

individual doses of serum, sealed in small vials, are called ___

ampoules

microcurrent

an extremely low level of electricity that mirrors the body's natural electrical impulses.

acne bacteria cannot survive in the presence of oxygen, and therefore, are ___

anaerobic

The study of body structures that can be seen with the eye is called ______.

anatomy

dye precursors that combine with hydrogen peroxide to form larger, permanent dye molecules are called___

aniline derivatives

conductor

any material that conducts electicity.

the ____ , also known as the arch, is the area of the nail with the most strength, oval- shaped, and located in the center of the nail

apex

rectifier

apparatus that changes alternating current a/c to direct current d/c

converter

apparatus that changes direct current to alternating current.

electrode

applicator for directing electric current from an electrotherapy device to the client's skin.

what step would be performed last in a four week fabric wrap maintenance

apply cuticle oil

when the cuticle is slightly raised and the hair is normal and processes in an average amount of time, the hair would be said to have___

average porosity

application of the enhancement product onto the new growth of the nail is commonly referred to as ___

backfill

the technique using a free- form painting of hair lightener directly onto clean, styled hair is

baliage

the most common and least severe type of skin cancer is __

basal cell carcinoma

what term describes the predominant tone of a color

base

as monomer liquid absorbs polymer powder, the chemical interaction produces a small ___

bead of product

The middle part of the muscle is called the ____.

belly

the initiator added to polymer powder to start the chain reaction of curing the nail enhancement is ___

benzoyl peroxide

what is the ideal temperature for a paraffin bath

between 125- 130 degrees Fahrenheit

when all three primary colors are present in equal portions, the resulting color is

black

when applying nail enhancements, surface moisture and natural oils left on the nail plate will ___

block adhesion

the primary color that brings depth or darkness to any color is ___

blue

the nail tip adhesive used to secure the nail tip to a natural nail is also called a ___

bonding agent

the american cancer society recommends using a checklist to recognize potential skin cancer or changes in moles, using the letter B to check mole ___

borders

The largest and most complex organization of nerve tissue in the body is the ____.

brain

too much powder in a mix ratio causes nail enhancements to cure incorrectly and become ___

brittle and discolored

a large blister containing a watery fluid is a ___

bulla

for which of the following skin lesions should the cosmetologist refer the client to his or her physician

bulla

Which statement describes the proper use of waterless hand sanitizers in the salon?

can not clean the hands of dirt and debris; that can only be acomplished with liquid soap a bristle brush, and water.use AFTER soap and water.

what additives are added to monomer liquid to speed up chemical reaction and control the set or curing time

catalysts

The basic units of all living things are ____.

cells

What nervous system controls the voluntary functions of the five senses?

central

How might a cosmetologist notice changes in a client's thyroid function?

changes in the growth rate, quality, or texture of the hair or nails

____ contains chemicals that loosen or dissolve dead cell buildup, can work in a relatively short time, or be combined in a moisturizer for longer effects

chemical exfoliants

oil- absorbing masks that have an exfoliating and stringent effect, making large pores appear smaller, are ___

clay- based masks

remove dust from the natural nail plate with a ___

clean, dry nail brush

the nail professionals chair should be selected for durability, comfort, ergonomics, and ease of ___

cleaning

___ are non- foaming, lotion cleansers designed to cleanse dry and sensitive skin types and to remove makeup

cleansing milks

a whitehead is also called a ___

closed comedo

which term describes follicles impacted with solidified sebum and dead cell buildup that appear as small bumps just underneath the skin's surface

closed comedones

the hair type with a large diameter that can take longer to process hair color is ___

coarse- textured hair

a ___ abrasive is strong enough to thin enhancement product in order to prepare the enhancement for a refill or rebalance

coarse-grit

___ is described as a property of objects that depends on the light they reflect and is perceived ( by the human eye) as red, yellow, blue, or other shades

color

examples of single process permanent coloring applications are virgin color applications and ___

color retouch applications

what is one of the most valuable tools for identifying the natural level in the hair

color wheel

The main arteries that supply blood to the head, neck, and face are the ____.

common carotid arteries

primary and secondary colors that are positioned opposite each on the color wheel are ___

complementary colors

implements requiring disinfection should be placed in a covered container large enough for them to be ___

completely immersed

grounding

completes an electric circuit and carries the current safely away.

___ is a common bacterial infection of the eye

conjunctivitis

What is the tissue that binds together, protects, and supports various parts of the body?

connective tissue

galvanic current

constant and direct current, having a positive and negative pole, that produces chemical changes when it passes through the tissues and fluids of the body.

direct current

constant even-flowing current that travels in one direction only and is produced by chemical means

What is a exposure incident?

contact with nonintact (broken) skin, blood, body fluid.

what term describes a condition that requires avoiding certain treatments, procedures, or products to prevent undesirable effects

contraindication

decolorizing the hair's natural pigment allows the colorist to create the exact degree of ____

contributing pigment

___ tones absorb more light, therefore they look deeper than their actual level

cool

colors with a predominance of blue are ___ colors, whereas colors with a predominance of red/yellow are ___ colors

cool;warm

a hair follicle filled with keratin sebum forms a ___

cornedo

cosmetology professionals are only allowed to use products that remove dead skin from the stratum

corneum

You notice your instructor watching you perform a service. Your instructor's eyebrows are down and her forehead has vertical wrinkles in it. What muscle is she most likely using?

corrugator muscle

which term describes rosacea conditions with areas of the skin with distended capillaries and diffuse redness

couperose

neutral base colors are often used to

cover gray hair

cutting nail tips with a nail or toenail clipper will cause the nail tip to weaken and ___

crack

The skull consists of the ____.

cranium and facial bones

lighteners that have a thicker consistency and give more control during scalp application are known as

cream lighteners

dead cells that form over a wound or blemish while it is healing comprise a ___

crust

modalities

currents used in electrical facial and scalp treatments

wrap resins are made from ___, a specialized acrylic monomer that has excellent adhesion to the natural nail plate and polymerizes in seconds

cyanoacrylate

What is the fluid of a cell that surrounds the nucleus and is necessary for growth and reproduction?

cytoplasm

use of a nipper to clip away loosened nail enhancements can ___

damage the nail plate

special containers used to hold monomer liquid and polymer powder that minimize contamination and evaporation are ___

dappen dishes

Most cells reproduce by dividing into two cells called ____ cells.

daughter

overlapping haircolor on previously tinted hair can cause breakage and create a visible line of

demarcation

what is the process of softening and emulsifying hardened sebum that is stuck in the hair follicles

desincrustation

the process of treating gray or very resistant hair to allow for better penetration of color is known as

developing

the process in which the hair is pre-lightened and then toned is known as ___

double- process application

a nail polish___ is designed to shorten the time necessary for the client's nail polish to dry

dryer

the impact of a massage treatment depends on the amount of pressure, direction, of movement, and ____

duration of manipulation

every massage should end with which movement

efflerage

what is a light, continuous, stroking movement applied with fingers or palms

effleurage

an applicator used to direct electric current from a machine to the client's skin is an ___

electrode

active electrode

electrode of an electrotherapy device that is used on the area to be treated.

what are oily or fatty ingredients that prevent moisture from leaving the skin

emollients

Ductless glands that release secretion of hormones directly into the bloodstream are ____.

endocrine glands

chemical exfoliants that work by dissolving keratin protein in the surface cells are known as ___

enzyme peels

You hungrily take a bite of steaming hot pizza and the bubbling cheese burns the inside of your mouth. What type of tissue have you damaged?

epithelial

what type of melanin gives black and brown color to the hair

eumelanin

nail wraps are rebalanced with additional resin ___

every two weeks

brushes used in nail polish and other products that are not capable of harboring or supporting the growth of the pathogenic microbes are ___

exceptions to the single-use rule

___ refers to a skin sore or abrasion produced by scratching or scraping

excorciation

the process of removing dead cells from the surface of the skin is

exfoliation

cosmetologists and their clients should always wear ___ when using and handling nail tip adhesives

eye protection

a ___, also known as a facial treatment, is a professional skin treatment that improves the condition and appearance of the skin

facial

to soften skin tissues and follicle accumulations making them easier to extract, it is recommended to first use a

facial steamer

the main food source for acne bacteria is ___

fatty acids

The heavy, long bone that forms the leg above the knee is called the ____.

femur

which nail wrap is made from a closely woven, heavy material and is considered to be the strongest nail wrap fabric

fiberglass wrap

which nail wrap is made from a very thin synthetic mesh with a loose weave and is easy to use

fiberglass wrap

rubbing another clean, unused file across the edge of a new file in order to remove any sharp edges before use is called ___

file prepping

a ___ abrasive is used for finish filing, refining, and buffing

fine-grit

which implement is durable, easy-to-use, made of plastic, metal,glass, or ceramic, and used for soaking the client's fingers in warm water to soften the skin and cuticle

finger bowl

A tennis ball is useful in exercises to release stress from repititive movements of which body part?

fingers

cracks in the skin that penetrate the dermis layer, such as chapped hands or lips, are ___

fissures

the contact areas of nail tips are smoothed with a fine- grit block buffer held___

flat across the nail

electric current

flow of electricity along a conductor.

___ are cleansers containing surfactants that cause the product to foam and rinse off easily

foaming cleansers

When to use exdothermic waves

for coarse/resistant hair

When to use true acid wave

for extremely damaged/porous hair

When to use alkaline perm

for resistant/coarse hair

The facial skeleton has how many bones?

fourteen

what is a deep rubbing massage movement in which pressure is applied to the skin while moving over an underlying structure

friction

___ is a form of pestrissage in which the tissue is grasped, gently lifted, and spread out

fulling

what thin, open- meshed cotton fabric is used to hold mask products on the face

gauze

masks containing hydrators and soothing ingredients that do not dry hard and can be used on sensitive skin

gel masks

when removing softened nail enhancement products, use a wooden or metal pusher and ___

gently push off the softened nail

what is a non- ammonia color that adds shine and tone to the hair

glaze

___ are personal protective equipment (ppe), worn to protect the cosmetologist from exposure to microbes during service

gloves

implements should be removed from a disinfectant solution using a lift tray or basket, tongs, tweezers, and ___ to ensure that disinfectant does not come into contact with the skin

gloves

a cream- type enzyme applied to the face and rolled off the skin is a

gommage

metallic haircolors are also known as ___

gradual colors

what is a chopping movement performed with the edges of the hands whereby both wrists and hands move alternatively in fast, light, firm, and flexible, motions against the skin

hacking

The Greek word trichos means

hair

chemical compounds that lighten hair by dispersing, dissolving, and decolorizing the natural pigment are ___

hair lighteners

___ is a professional, industry- coined term referring to artificial haircoloring products and services

haircolor

when is the most critical part of a color service

haircolor consultation

the cosmetologist must receive ___ instruction in order to properly perform extraction of clogged pores and comedones

hands- on

what is a contagious, recurring viral infection characterized by fever blisters or cold sores

herpes simplex 1

when the cuticle is lifted and the hair is overly porous and takes color quickly, the hair would be said to have ____

high porosity

nikolas tesla is credited with discovering

high- frequency current

the coloring technique that involves coloring some strands of hair lighter than the natural color is known as

highlighting

when securing the tip to the natural nail, use the stop, rock, and ___ method to avoid air bubbles and promote proper adhesive

hold

Acne, loss of scalp hair, facial hair growth and color, and darker skin pigmentations are some of the results of changing or fluctuating ____.

hormones

Insulin, adrenaline, and estrogen are examples of ____.

hormones

water- binding agents in moisturizers are also known as ___

humectants

___ is the most commonly used developer, and an oxidizing agent that, when mixed with an oxidation haircolor, supplies the necessary oxygen gas to develop the color molecules and create a change in natural hair color

hydrogen peroxide

excessive sweating, caused by heat or general body weakness is ___

hyperhidrosis

what term describes dark blotches of color on the skin caused by sun exposure or hormone imbalance

hyperpigmentation

what is the main health issue that a cosmetologist may experience

hypersensitivity

what term describes the tools used to perform manicure services that are either reusable or disposable

implements

any important observations or contraindications should be recorded ___ in the client's record card

in colored pen

The joint pain people complain about is often caused by ____.

inflammation of tissue surrounding the joint

infrared light

infrared light has longer wavelengths, penetrates more deeply, has less energy, and produces more heat than visible light; makes up 60 percent of natural sunlight.

odorless products harden more slowly, which creates the tacky layer called the ___

inhibition layer

what is the substance found in polymer powder, that when activated by a catalyst, will spring into action and cause monomer molecules to prematurely link together into long polymer chains

initiators

___ are created when nail is sandwiched between two layers of product while the nail enhancement is being formed

inlaid design

The part of the muscle that moves and is farthest from the skeleton is the ____.

insertion

Pressure in massage is usually directed from the ____.

insertion to the origin

a patch test is generally conducted behind the ear or

inside the elbow

___ refers to the strength of the color

intensity

Lawernce Gleb

inventor of Clairol, a gentle hair dye

ultraviolet light

invisible light that has a short wavelength is less penetrating than visible light causes chemical reactions to happen more quickly than visible light, produces less heat than visible light and kills germs.

when removing cleanser in the eye area, move outward on the upper lid and

inward on the lower lid

the process of using galvanic current to enable water- soluble products that contain ions to penetrate the skin is __

iontophoresis

an excessively thick scar resulting from overgrowth or fibrous tissue is known as a __

keloid

which of the following is a secondary lesion

keloid

If the hair shrinks when it dries, you will need to cut wet hair ___ than the desired length.

l to ) inch Longer

the system used for understanding color relationships is the ___

law of color

To what part of the heart is oxygenated blood returned?

left atrium

a freckle is an example of a mark on the skin known as a ___

lesion

___ is a skin disorder characterized by abnormal light patches

leukoderma

Which muscle can easily be damaged during makeup application?

levator palpebrae superioris

what unit of measurement identifies the lightness or darkness of a color, or the saturation, density, or concentration of color

level

fabric wraps that are slightly smaller than the nail plate prevent the wraps from ___

lifting

invisible light

light at either end of the visible spectrum of light that is invisible to the naked eye.

fabric wraps are made from silk, fiberglass, and ___

linen

A tension in your shears that is too ___ will allow your shears to fold the hair.

loose

when the cuticle is tight and the hair is resistant, it is difficult for moisture or chemicals to penetrate. what term describes this condition

low porosity

the technique of coloring strands of hair darker than the natural color is ___

lowlighting

monomer liquid and polymer powder nail enhancements are ___ services

lucrative

a flat spot or discoloration on the skin is a ___

macule

what tool provides a magnifying lens surrounded by a circular light, providing a well- lit, enlarged view of the skin

magnifying lamp

what term describes when a nail enhancement needs to be services after two or more weeks from the initial application of the nail enhancement product

maintenance

dark, brown patches on the skin that may appear uneven in texture, jagged, or raised may be a warning sign of ___

malignant melanoma

what cosmetic treatment of the hands involves cutting, shaping, and often painting of the nails, removal of the cuticles, and softening of the skin

manicure

___ services are currently the fastest- growing services on salon and spa menus

manicure and pedicure

nail tips are available in ___ sizes, colors, and shapes, making it easy to fit each client with precisely the right size and shape

many

what are concentrated treatment products often composed of mineral clays, moisturizing agents, skin softeners, aromatherapy oils, botanical extracts, and other beneficial ingredients to cleanse, exfoliate, tighten, tone, hydrate, and nourish the skin

masks

the manual or mechanical manipulation of the body by rubbing, kneading, or other movements is known as ___

massage

what is a lubricating cream that must be thoroughly removed for additional products to penetrate the skin

massage cream

what products are used to physically remove dead cell buildup

mechanical exfoliants

a __ abrasive is used for initial shaping of the perimeter of the nail, refining the overall surface shape of a nail enhancement, or for smoothing the surface before buffing

medium- grit

the natural coloring pigment found in the cortex layer of the hair is

melanin

a ___ is designed to gently scrape cuticle tissue from the natural nail plate

metal pusher

haircoloring products that change color gradually by progressive buildup and exposure to air contain ___

metallic salts

the ingredients in two- part monomer liquid and polymer powder enhancement systems belong to a branch of the acrylic family called ___

methacrylates

what are tiny, often unseen openings in the skin, which can allow microbes to enter the skin, leading to infection

micro traumas

what are scrubs that contain aluminum oxide crystals, along with other granular scrubs

microdermabrasion

what is a mechanical exfoliation that uses a closed vacuum to shoot crystals on the skin

microdermabrasion

___ are keratin- filled cysts that are usually associated with newborns and are commonly founf around the eyes, cheeks, and forehead

milia

benign, keratin- filled cysts that appear just under the epidermis and have no visible opening are ___

milia

What were some ingredients in Romans' face masks?

milk and bread/ fine wine/ corn with flour and milk/ flour and fresh butter

In living organisms, cell reproduction is called ____.

mitosis

the amount of polymer powder and liquid monomer used to create a product bead is called the

mix ratio

___ is a widely used monomer with a long history of safe use in medical and dental products, is fine for making bulletproof windows and shatterproof eyeglasses, but is extremely unsuitable for use in artificial nail liquids

mma

which masks contain special crystals and dry to a plaster- like consistency

modelage masks

to provide a buffer for the skin when using a brushing machine, apply a thick layer of cleaner or ___

moisturizer

products used to increase the water content of the skin surface are known as

moisturizers

choose a protective mask designed specifically for dusts, mists, and ___ to ensure the mask will be effective in the salon setting

molds

mono means one and mer stands for units, so a monomer is one unit called a ___

molecule

fine hair takes color faster and can look darker because the melanin granules are grouped

more tightly

the point over a muscle where pressure or stimulation will cause contraction of the muscle is the ___

motor point

___ implements, also known as reusable implements, are generally stainless steel because they must be properly cleaned and disinfected after use in one client prior to use on another. Less- expensive metal implements will corrode during disinfection and sterilization

multiuse

what is a stainless steel implement that can shorten the free edge of the nail quickly and efficiently

nail clipper

what substance is used to remove surface moisture and tiny amounts of oil left on the natural nail plate

nail dehydrator

offering ___ expands your service offerings and enables clients to have a " one stop shop" experience in your salon

nail extension and wrap services

what nail supply is placed under the free edge and used as a guide to extend a nail enhancement

nail form

what is a stainless steel implement used to carefully trim away dead skin around the nails

nail nipper

which product is used on the natural nail prior to application to assist in adhesion and serves to chemically bond the enhancement product to the natural nail

nail primer

what are pre- formed nail extensions made from ABS or tenite acetate plastic

nail tips

which product is made of plastic, pre- molded nails shaped from a tough polymer of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene plastic

nail tips

any method of securing a layer of fabric or paper on and around the nail tip to ensure its strength and durability is called a ___

nail wrap

the ___ is the heart of a nail wrap system and gives this system its unique properties

nail wrap material

electromagnetic spectrum

name given to all of the forms of energy that exist.

to test for porosity, take several strands from four different areas of the head: the front hairline, the temple, the crown, and the ___

nape

___ haircolors, also known as vegetable haircolors, such as hena, are colors obtained from the leaves or bark of plants

natural

The word integument means ____.

natural covering

cathode

negative electrode of an electrotherapy device (black)

polarity

negative pole or positive pole of an electric current

The type of tissue that controls and coordinates body functions is ____ tissue.

nerve

The whitish cords made up of bundles of nerve fibers, held together by connective tissue that make up the nervous system are called ____.

nerves

The scientific study of the structure, function, and pathology of the nervous system is called ____.

neurology

tones can be described as cool, warm, or ___

neutral

the part of the hair shaft between the scalp and the hair that has been previously colored is known as

new growth

what type of gloves are recommended by OSHA because they provide more protection from chemicals

nitrile

demipermanent colors are also known as ___

no-lift, deposit- only colors

when applying color using the brush-and- bowl method, the mixing bowl should be __

nonmetallic

When to use a low-ph perm

normal, porous, or damaged hair

nail tips that do not have the reinforcement provided by the overlay are ___

not long-wearing and can break easily

The bone that forms the back of the skull above the nape is the ____.

occipital

what type of skin appears shiny or greasy from clogged, dead cells in the follicle

oily skin

obvious pores on the surface of the skin indicate ___

oily skin areas

single- use or disposable implements are used ___ on a client then discarded, preferable while the client can view it being done

once

high- frequency electrotherapy machines have how many elctrodes

one

which term describes follicles impacted with solidified sebum and dead cell buildup, also known as blackheads

open comedones

inactive electrode

opposite pole from the active electrode.

Suppose you instruct a client to close his or her eyes before you apply makeup. Which muscle are you instructing your client to use?

orbicularis oculi

Structures composed of specialized tissues that perform specific functions in plants and animals are called ____.

organs

The part of the muscle that does not move is the ____.

origin

the direction of movement in massage should always be from insertion of the muscle toward is ___

origin

the difference between open and closed comedones is the size of the follicle opening, called the ___

ostium

Which organ is part of the female reproductive system?

ovaries

what is a layer of any kind of nail enhancement product that is applied over the natural nail and tip application for added strength

overlay

what brushes should not be used because they hold excessive amounts of liquid and alter the mix ratio of powder and liquid

overly large

what is the process by which oxygen is released within the cortex of the hair shaft

oxidation

the abbreviation used for potential hydrogen; represents the quantity of hydrogen ions

pH

A measure of the acidity and alkalinity of a substance; the pH scale has a range of 0 to 14, with 7 being neutral.

pH Scale

The ___ measures the acidity and alkalinity of a substance by measuring the quantity of hydrogen ions it contains.

pH scale

What are the shampoos that help close the hair cuticle and are balanced to the pH of skin and hair by the addition of citric, lactic, or phosphoric acid?

pH- balanced shampoos

What are the shampoos that help close the hair cuticle and are balanced to the pH of skin and hair by the addition of citric, lactic, or phosphoric acid?

pH-balanced shampoos

clients most enjoy the ___ that manicures provide

pampering

a small elevation on the skin that contains no fluid, but may develop pus is a ___

papule

masks containing ___ and other beneficial ingredients are melted at a little more than body temperature before application and applied over treatment creams to allow the cream's ingredients to penetrate more deeply into the surface layers of the skin

paraffin

what is the petroleum by-product that has excellent sealing properties to hold moisture in the skin

paraffin

before performing a coloring service with an aniline derivative product, the client must have a ___

patch test

salon alpha hydroxy acid exfoliants are often refered to as ___

peels

when giving facials, ___ in the presence of your clients as much as possible

perform your disinfection procedures

oxidative haircolor is classified as demipermanent (deposit only) and ___ (lift and deposit)

permanent

what coloring products are regarded as best for covering gray hair

permanent haircoloring

what kneading movement is performed by lifting, squeezing, and pressing tissue with light, firm pressure

petrissage

The bones in the fingers or digits are called ____.

phalanges

what type of melanin gives bold and red colors to the hair

pheomelanin

clients who present skin abnormalities, open sores, or fever blisters should be referred to a

physician

The scientific study of the functions and activities performed by the body's structures is called ____.

physiology

additives such as ___ are blended with polymer powders to produce a wide range of shade, including pink, whites, and milky translucent shades, as well as reds, blues, greens, purples, yellows, oranges, browns, and even jet black

pigments

Which glands play a major role in sexual development, sleep, and metabolism?

pineal

gauze squares, also called ___, have many uses in manicure services, from product removal to application

pledgets

what is formed by combining many small molecules (monomers) into very long, chain-like structures

polymer

sculptured nails are created by combining monomer liquid with ___

polymer powder

polymer powder is made using a special chemical reaction called ___, also known as curing or hardening

polymerization

the amount of sebum produced by the sebaceous glands determines the size of the ___

pores

the ability of the hair to absorb moisture is known as

porosity

When to use thio-free perm

porous to normal

When to use ammonia free perm

porous to normal hair

When to use acid balanced perm

porous/damaged hair

the ___ is the point where the free edge of the natural nail meets the nail tip, and where the tip is adhered to the nail

position stop

anode

positive electrode of an electrotherapy device ( red )

an enzyme peel that does not dry the skin and can be used during a steam treatment is the ___

powder form

what is the first step of double- process haircoloring

pre- lightening

When a cosmetologist understands the history of their profession they can _____ and _____ future trends?

predict and understand

fuse

prevents excessive current from passing through a circuit.

fundamental or pure colors that cannot be achieved from a mixture are known as ___

primary colors

completed client intake forms and service record cards may contain ___ information about the client and must be kept in a secured room or cabinet

private

cataphoresis

process of fusing an acidic (positive) product into deeper tissues using galvanic current from the positive pole toward the negative pole.

iontophoresis

process of infusing water-soluble products into the skin with the use of electric current such as the use of the positive and negative poles of a galvanic machine.

photothemolysis

process that turns the light from a medical laser device into heat.

The muscles that turn the hand inward so the palm faces downward are the ____.

pronators

The cells of all living organisms are made of a substance called _____.

protoplasm

______ is to a raw egg white as _______ is to a raw egg yolk.

protoplasm; nucleus

a noncontagious skin disease characterized by red patches covered with silver- white scales found on the scalp, elbows, knees, chest, and lower back is ___

psoriasis

a ___ forms from a papule when dead white blood cells accumulate in it

pustule

pimples that have a pus head are called ___

pustules

powdered off- the- scalp lighteners contain persulfate salts for ___ and stronger lightening

quicker

The smaller bone of the forearm, on the same side as the thumb, is the ____.

radius

alternating current

rapid and interrupted current, flowing first in one direction and then in the opposite direction.

The simplest form of nervous activity that includes a sensory and motor nerve is called a(n) ____.

reflex

clients with hair in questionable condition who request chemical services should be required to sign a ___

release statement

a piece of fabric cut to completely cover a crack or break in a nail is a ___

repair touch `

Which item is inculded in the "identification" section of the MSDS?

restrictions on product use

___ implements without properly cleaning and disinfecting them is against the law in every state

reusing

pressing and twisting the tissues with a fast back- and- forth movement is a form of friction known as ___

rolling

treatments that produce heat or stimulate the skin should be avoided for clients with which skin disorder

rosacea

any thin dry or oily plate of epidermal flakes is known as a ___

scale

the list of services that you are legally allowed to perform in your specialty and in your state is known as

scope of practice

a ___ is a large protruding pocket- like lesion filled with sebum

sebaceous cyst

inflammation of the sebaceous glands characterized by redness, dry or oily scaling, crusting, and/or itchiness is called ___

seborrheic dermatitis

a color obtained by mixing equal parts of two primary colors is a____

secondary color

lesions of the skin characterized by piles of material or a depression on the skin surface are ___

secondary skin lesions

non- oxidative hair color is classified as temporary and ___ (traditional)

semipermanent

___ is an allergic reaction created by repeated exposure to a chemical or a substance

sensitization

skin products that have a higher concentration of ingredients are ___

serums

a ___ is a buffer used to create a high shine on a natural nail or nail enhancement when no polish will be worn

shiner

the ___ runs straight from the cuticle down the side or wall of the nail to the end of the extension

sidewall

properly sized nail tips for a client should cover the nail plate from ___

sidewall to sidewall

which material is thin and tightly woven, and becomes transparent when wrap resin is applied

silk

what process lightens hair and deposits color in one application

single- process haircoloring

The physical foundation of the body consisting of bones connected by joints is the ____.

skeletal system

an important part of a facial treatment that determines skin type, condition, and the recommended treatment is the ___

skin analysis

a ___ is a small brown or flesh- colored outgrowth of the skin

skin tag

___ is determined by how oily or dry the skin is

skin type

nail tips are softened with acetone or tip remover and are ___

slid off

moisturizers for oily skin are most often found in lotion form and generally contain ___ amounts of emollient

smaller

what is the curved line where the pink and white areas meet each other on a french manicured nail

smile line

The bone that joins all of the bones of the cranium together is the ____.

sphenoid bone

ingestion of ___ foods can aggravate rosacea

spicy

what type of skin cancer is often characterized by scaly red papules or nodules

squamous cell carcinoma

____ refers to an abnormal brown or wine- colored skin discoloration with a circular or irregular shape

stain

fashion continuously changes, and a professional cosmetologist should always ___ new trends and services in all facets of the beauty industry

stay current with

hair texture is determined by the diameter of individual hair

strands

Regardless of whether a client is interested in wearing long, medium, or short nails, she may decide to have nail tips applied over her natural nails for ___

strength and durability

what are small pieces of fabric used to strengthen a weak point in the nail or repair a crack

stress strips

the ___ of the client's hair and the desired results determine which hair color to use

structure

catalysts

substances that speed up chemical reactions.

between 80 percent and 85 percent of skin aging is caused by ___

sun exposure

shielding the skin from ___ is probably the most important habit to benefit the skin

sun exposure

which of the following is an extrinsic skin- aging factor

sun exposure

what skin condition contains areas of hyperpigmentation, wrinkled areas including areas not in the normal facial expression, and sagging skin from damage to elastic fibers due to chronic and frequent exposure to the sun over the client's lifetime

sun- damaged skin

Which nerve supplies impulses to the skin on the outer side and back of the foot and leg?

sural nerve

foaming cleansers that wash off easily contain a detergent that is also known as a

surfactant

circuit breaker

switch that automatically interrupts or shuts off an electric circuit at the first indication of overload.

An important practical step that promotes effective communication it to do what?

talk less and listen more

what is a stimulating form of massage that consists of short, quick tapping, slapping, and hacking

tapotement

distended or dilated surface blood vessels are called ___

telangiectasias

which term describes rosacea conditions with dilated surface blood vessels

telangiectasias

all haircoloring products require a patch test, with the exception of ___

temporary colors

coloring products that have a coating action on the hair and are removed by shampooing are ___

temporary colors

A color achieve mixing equal parts of a secondary color and its neighboring primary color on the color wheel is a ___

tertiary color

The primary male reproductive hormone is ____.

testosterone

What was the period in history during which Western civilization made the transition from medieval to modern history?

the Renaissance

light therapy

the application of light rays to the skin for the treatment of wrinkles, capillaries, pigmentation, or hair removal.

Definition of cosmetology

the art and science of taking hair, nails, and skin and beautifying it

Definition of game plan:

the conscious act of planning your life, instead of just letting things happen

The career possiblilites are endless for a hard working cosmetologist when

the continues their education and approaches his or her career with a strong sense of personal integrity

Blood is generally bright red in the arteries and dark red in the veins. What accounts for the difference in color?

the exchange of carbon dioxide for oxygen

the system used by colorist to analyze the lightness or darkness of a hair color is

the level system

when using the brush to shape the enhancement on the free edge area, use___

the middle portion brush

Definition of ethics:

the moral principles by which we live and work by.

electricity

the movement of particles around an atom that creates pure energy

visible spectrum of light

the part of the electromagnetic spectrum that can be seen.(35%)

complete electric circuit

the path of negative and positive electric currents moving from the generating source through the conductors and back to the generating source.

Definition of personal grooming:

the process of caring for parts of the body and maintaining an overall polished look

What factors differs between relaxation scalp massage and treatment scalp massage?

the products the are used

tesla high frequency current

thermal or heat producting current with a high rate of oscillation or vibration that is commonly used for scalp and facial treatments

to press fabric wraps onto the natural nail plate and avoid the transfer of dust or oil, use ___

thick plastic

for natural- looking nails, product application near the eponychium, sidewalls, and free edge must be ___

thin

The elastic, bony cage that acts as a protective framework for the heart and lungs is the ____.

thorax

prior to being placed in a disinfectant solution, implements must be___

thoroughly cleansed

The nervous system as a whole is divided into how many main subdivisions?

three

Which of the following is part of the lymphatic system?

thymus gland

With regard to the wave pattern or configuration, textured hair is defined as hair with a ___.

tight curl pattern

which implement is similar to a nail clipper that is used on nail tips

tip cutter

A collection of similar cells that perform a function is called a(n) ____.

tissue

Definition of prioritize:

to make a list of tasks that need to be done in the order of most-to-least important

each color is identified by a number and a letter, with the number indicating the level and the letter indicating the ___

tone

the hue or balance of color seen in the hair is referred to as ___

tone

products that are designed to rebalance the pH and remove remnants of cleanser from theskin are known as ___

toners

what hair coloring product is used primarily on pre- lightened hair to achieve pale and delicate colors

toners

The muscle that covers the back of the neck and upper and middle region of the back is the ____.

trapezius

The largest of the cranial nerves also called the fifth cranial nerve, is the ____.

trigeminal nerve

most cosmetologists prefer___ fluorescent bulb lamps because they show the skin and polishes in their actual color in natural light

true-color

an abnormal cell mass that varies in sixe, color, and shape is a ___

tumor

what are multitask implements for lifting small bits of debris from the nail plate, retrieving and placing nail art, removing implements from disinfectant solutions, a much more

tweezer

what is shaped like two sided nail file, long and narrow, with one or two additional grit abrasives and a final shine surface

two way buffer

oily or dry conditions of skin that cannot be permanently changed, only improved with treatments, are determined by the skin ___

type

an open lesion of the skin or mucous membrane, accompanied by pus and characterized by loss of skin depth, is a ___

ulcer

The inner and larger bone of the forearm, attached at the wrist and located on the side of the little finger, is the ____.

ulna

contributing pigment, also known as ___, is the varying degrees of warmth exposed during a permanent color or lightening process

undertone

`volt

unit that measures the pressure or force that pushes electric current forward through a conductor.

ohm

unit that measures the resistance of an electric current.

ampere

unit that measures the strength of an electric current.

during an analysis procedure, cleansing milk is applied to the skin using

upward circular movements

which tool is NOT designed to dry traditional nail polish

uva or led lamp

masks are designed to prevent inhalation of excessive dust, but they offer no protection from ___

vapors

Thin walled blood vessels that are less elastic than arteries and located closer to the skin surface are ____.

veins

hypertrophy of the papillae and epidermis is a ___

verruca

a ___ application refers to the first time the hair is colored `

virgin

the concentration and strength of hydrogen peroxide is measured in terms of ___

volume

___ tones reflect more light, therefore they look lighter than their actual level

warm

shallow depressions that serve as contact points for nail tips and the natural nail are called

wells

they make up the largest part of the nutrition we take in

what is true of macronutrients?

a ___ is an itchy, swollen lesion that can be caused by a number of factors and usually resolves by itself

wheal

which of the following is considered to be a primary skin lesion

wheal

what is the best color for your terry cloth towels

white

a trash container___ is one of the best ways to prevent excessive odors and vapors in the salon

with a self-closing lid

what single- use implement is used to remove cuticle tissue from the nail plate, to clean under the free edge of the nail, or to apply products

wooden pusher

what product is used to coat and secure fabric wraps to the natural nail and nail tip

wrap resin

___. also known as activator, acts as the dryer that speeds up the hardening process of the wrap resin or adhesive overlay

wrap resin accelator

in the weaving foil technique selected strands are picked up from narrow section of hair with a ___

zigzag motion

The cheekbones are also called the ____.

zygomatic bones