COUN 601 Midterm
Which is true of the American Psychological Association? a. It was founded in 1892 as an association mostly of experimental psychologists. b. It was founded in 1892 as an association most of clinical psychologists c. It was found in 1892 as an association mostly of clinical and experimental psychologists d. It was founded in 1922 as an association mostly of clinical and experimental psychologists
A. It was founded in 1892 as an association mostly of experimental psychologists
What did E. G. Williamson develop? a. One of the first comprehensive theories of counseling in which decade b. The National Test of Accurate Ability c. One of the first school vocational guidance programs d. The National Employment Office
A. One of the first comprehensive theories of counseling in which decade
____________ is considered the founder of American psychiatry. a. Phillipe Pinel b. Sigmund Freud c. Benjamin Rush d. William James
A. Philippe Pinel
_________'s views on mental health and mental illness were revolutionary. a. Sigmund Freud b. William James c. Wilhelm Wundt d. Ivan Pavlov
A. Sigmund Freud
Paralleling the rise of the vocational guidance movement was the _____________ movement. a. Testing b. Guidance c. Counseling d. Rehabilitation
A. Testing
The 1960s was a decade of expansion, acceptance, and diversification of the counseling profession largely as the result of ___________________. a. The Great Society initiatives b. Accreditation c. Expansion of licensing d. Expansion of social and cultural theories
A. The Great Society Initiatives
The five steps of the Trait and Factor Approach included the following (in order): a. Analysis, Synthesis, Counseling, Diagnosis, Follow Up b. Analysis, Synthesis, Diagnosis, Counseling, Follow Up c. Diagnosis, Synthesis, Analysis, Counseling, Follow Up d. Analysis, Diagnosis, Synthesis, Counseling, Follow Up
B. Analysis, Synthesis, Diagnosis, Counseling, Follow Up
The founder of vocational guidance in America was ___________________. a. Sigmund Freud b. Frank Parsons c. Carl Jung d. Jane Addams
B. Frank Parsons
The 1970s saw the deinstitutionalization of tens of thousands of patients in state mental hospitals who had been _________________. a. Improperly diagnosed b. Held against their own will c. A threat to national security d. In danger of harming themselves
B. Held against their own will
During the 1990s there was an increased focus on all but which of the following? a. Credentials b. Licensure Portability c. Ethics d. Expansion of ACA divisions e. Multicultural Counseling
B. Licensure portability
What was a result of the expansion of psychotropic medications during the 1950s. a. An extremely large number of addicted patients and deaths due to drug overdoses. b. Stabilization of seriously impaired individuals which allowed them no longer to have to be hospitalized c. The first psychologists gaining prescription privileges d. All of the Above
B. Stabilization of seriously impaired individuals which allowed them no longer to have to be hospitalized
Which of the following developed laboratories to examine similarities and differences in responses by individuals to sensory experiments as they attempted to understand how responses to external stimuli related to the mind. a. Sigmund Freud b. Wilhelm Wundt c. James Cattell d. William James
B. Wilhelm Wundt
_________ was considered the first psychologist because he used objectivity and reason to study knowledge and his writings were psychological in nature. a. Hippocrates b. Socrates c. Aristotle d. Augustine
C. Aristotle
Which of the following are the five wellness subfactors of Myers and Sweeney's Indivisible Self: a. Countertransference, attendance to personal issues, examining all aspects of one's life, knowing what it's like to sit in the client's seat, having a positive attitude b. Burnout, compassion fatigue, vicarious traumatization, unfinished psychological issues, stress c. Creative self, coping self, social self, essential self, physical self. d. The known, the unknown, the almost known, the past known, and the future known
C. Creative self, coping self, social self, essential, physical self
The purpose of the ________is to provide uniform criteria for making clinical diagnoses thereby enhancing agreement among clinicians. a. The American Diagnostic Manual (ADM) b. Diagnostic Manual of Medical Disorders (DMM) c. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) d. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Disorders in Psychiatry (DSMDP)
C. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)
This Greek philosopher presented reflections on the human condition that were to greatly change the Western world's view of the person. a. Phonus b. Penolopolus c. Hippocrates d. Pinel
C. Hippocrates
The field of ____________ has affected the counseling profession more than any other related mental health profession. a. Social Work b. Guidance c. Psychology d. Psychiatry
C. Psychology
Social workers tended to be the impetus behind which of the following? a. Psychodynamic counseling b. Guidance work c. Systems and family counseling d. Psychosocial and attachment theory
C. Systems and family counseling
Which of the following was an early model for assisting the poor? a. National Defense Education Act (NDEA) b. The Freedom of Information Act c. The Poor Laws d. The changes toward a humanitarian world during the dark ages
C. The Poor Laws
The National Defense Education Act was a federal legislation that was: a. Passed largely because the Soviet Union launched the Sputnik satellite b. Led to a dramatic increase in school counselors. c. Was passed to get more children to focus on math and science d. All of the above
D. All of the above
______________ was a humanistic psychologist who had a dynamic impact on the field of counseling during the 1940s till now. a. Sigmund Freud b. Phillipe Pinel c. William James d. Carl Rogers
D. Carl Rogers
According to ACA, a counselor's professional identity is based on all but which of the following? a. Counselors practicing within the boundaries of their competence. b. Counselors consulting with other professionals when necessary. c. When counselors determine that they cannot be of assistance to clients, they terminate the helping relationship or avoid entering into the relationship. d. Counselors understanding of the importance of referring only to other counselors and not to related mental health professionals
D. Counselors understanding of the importance of referring only to other counselors and not to related mental health professionals
One of the early uses of vocational guidance was in ___________. a. Hospitals b. Mental institutions c. Prisons d. Schools
D. Schools
Which of the following was not a test developed around the turn of the 20th century (early 1900's) a. The Army Alpha b. The Strong c. The Binet test of intelligence d. The Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT)
D. The Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT)
State licensure of counselors had its beginnings in 1976, when _____________ became the first state to offer licensing for counselors. a. Washington b. Texas c. Michigan d. Virginia
D. Virginia
Since the year 2000, which of the following has not gained importance in the counseling profession: a. Certification and Licensure b. Cross-Cultural Counseling and Advocacy c. Evidence-Based Practice d. Common Factors e. All of the above have gained importance
E. All of the above have gained importance
In 1908 Clifford Beers, did which of the following? a. Helped to establish the National Committee for Mental Hygiene b. Lobbied Congress to improve the conditions of mental hospitals c. Wrote A mind That Found Itself that was autobiographical about his own schizophrenia. d. Two of the above e. a, b, and c
E. a, b, and c
A counselor says, "I must follow the code in all instances, because it holds the truth." A statement like this is seen as "relativistic."
False
ASCA, AMHCA, and IAMFC have all disaffiliated from ACA
False
Carl Rogers developed Gestalt Therapy
False
Ethics codes are usually ahead of changing values in society.
False
Freud is known as the person who is most attributed to the development of empathy in the counseling relationship.
False
If a clinician's values do not match the client, he or she can refer the client to another clinician because that is what is best for both the client and clinician.
False
In 1773, the Public Hospital for Persons of Insane and Disordered Minds was one of the first hospitals for mental illness that used modern day humane treatments.
False
Ivan Pavlov is the founder of operant conditioning.
False
More than any component, acceptance, is probably the most important ingredient to building a successful working alliance.
False
The Societies for Guidance and Morality (SGM) are seen as the beginnings of social casework.
False
The ethical codes, in the ACA Code of Ethics, prescribes a clear and specific way to deal with almost all ethical issues.
False
When push comes to shove, one should always follow the ACA code over all other codes.
False
ACA is the umbrella association for counselors
True
Counselors who come from a CACREP-accredited school can take the National Certified Counselor Exam prior to graduation. Others cannot.
True
E. G. Williamson developed what is considered to be the first comprehensive theory of counseling.
True
Generally, one is a counselor first, a school counselor, clinical mental health counselor, marriage, and family counselor, etc. second.
True
Mental health professionals have a responsibility, and an urgency, to be aware of the pressures and stresses that impinge on their lives and how these might affect their relationship with clients. Thus, they should stop doing counseling if seriously impaired.
True
One of the first written treatises of a psychological nature can be traced back to an Egyptian papyrus of 3000 BCE.
True
Problem-solving models provide the clinician with a step-by-step approach to making ethical decisions.
True
Sigmund Freud was a psychiatrist who initially practiced hypnotism but later developed the first comprehensive theory of psychotherapy.
True
The 1970s passage of legislation for individuals with disabilities, sparked the development of laws which increased the demand for highly trained rehabilitation counselors and expanded the role of school counselors.
True
The Community Mental Health Centers Act provided twelve categories of services that mental health centers were required to provide.
True
The field of social work can be traced back to work with the poor and destitute in the United States and England
True
The fields of psychology, psychiatry, counseling, and social work have moved slowly toward many of the same theoreticalconclusions and today can be seen on slightly different yet parallel paths.
True
Vocational counseling is often considered one of the first forms of counseling.
True
The word "guidance" is mostly associated with which of the follow? a. Advice giving b. Social and emotional support c. Counseling d. Psychotherapy
a. Advice giving
Which is not listed in the text as being one of the nine important counselor characteristics: a. Being thoughtful, caring, and kind b. Being accepting, genuine, and empathic c. Having the "it" factor and being culturally competent d. Believing in your theory e. Being competent and cognitively complex f. Having a wellness orientation
a. Being thoughtful, caring, and kind
___________________________is an independent organization that develops standards and provides accreditation processes for counseling programs. a. CACREP b. CCE c. ACAF d. NBCC e. Two of the above
a. CACREP
Which of the following can be statewide or national, sometimes requires an exam, identifies expertise in an area, but does not focus on scope of practice? a. Certification b. Registration c. Accreditation d. Licensure
a. Certification
Relative to the working alliance, the effective counselor needs to be ____________ competent if he or she is going to connect with his or her clients. a. Culturally b. Ethically c. Legally d. Psychologically
a. Culturally
People who have this view of the world, see things in black and white, are very concrete, rigid, and authoritarian. a. Dualistic b. Modern c. Post-Modern d. Flexible
a. Dualistic
Which of the following is not one of the ethical "hotspots" identified in the chapter? a. Gatekeeping b. Social and Cultural Issues c. Informed Consent d. Technology
a. Gatekeeping
Multicultural competencies reflect attitudes, beliefs and ________________ areas. a. Knowledge b. Social c. Justice d. World view
a. Knowledge
Which is not true of psychiatric nurses? a. They have little or no training in mental health counseling b. They can write prescriptions c. They can acquire certifications in a number of mental health areas d. None of the above (all are true)
a. They have little or no training in mental health counseling
Pick the association not matched correctly a. ARCA: Rehabilitation counselors b. AATA: Testing and assessment counselors c. AAPC: Pastoral counselors d. ACPA: College counselors e. NASP: School psychologists
b. AATA: Testing and assessment counselors
Which is not a core content area of CACREP: a. Helping relationships b. Diagnosis and psychopathology c. Group work d. Assessment e. Research and Program Evaluation
b. Diagnosis and psychopathology
How often is the ACA ethics code revised, more or less? a. Every 5 years b. Every 10 years c. Every 15 years d. Every 20 years e. Never
b. Every 10 years
Which is true about CACREP? a. Just about all programs are CACREP-accredited b. For the most recent standards, all programs will have to be 60 credits c. CACREP has been around for about 100 years d. CACREP is the only credentialing body in counseling
b. For the most recent standards, all programs will have to be 60 credits
Which of the following are not one of the three areas of competence encompassed by the Advocacy Competencies? a. Client/student b. Global/International c. School/community d. Public arena
b. Global/international
CACREP has created an international association to address accreditation concerns. Its name is? a. International Association of Counseling Programs (IACP) b. International Registry of Counselor Education Programs (IRCEP) c. Global Reach And Counselor Education (GRACE) d. Counselor Education Global (CEG)
b. International Registry of Counselor Education Programs (IRCEP)
______________ is the most rigorous form of credentialing. a. Accreditation b. Licensure c. Certification d. Registration
b. Licensure
_______________ usually have extensive training in counseling techniques but less preparation in career counseling, assessment techniques, and quantitative research methods. a. Marriage and family therapists b. Social Workers c. Rehabilitation Counselors d. Psychotherapists
b. Social Workers
There are now approximately ______________ licensed counselors nationally. a. 100,000 b. 115,000 c. 120,000 d. 80,000
c. 120,000
_________ is sometimes called positive regard. a. Empathy b. Genuineness c. Acceptance d. Active listening
c. Acceptance
Pick the item not properly matched: a. Jane Addams: Hull House b. Augustine and Thomas Aquinas: Consciousness and self-examination c. Charcot: Classical conditioning d. Wundt and Galton: Experimental psychologists
c. Charcot: Classical Conditioning
Which best describes how most people view the difference between counseling, and psychotherapy? a. They are seen as virtually the same b. Although similar, counseling is generally viewed as a word that describes more in-depth, deep seated personality construction c. Counseling is generally seen as shorter-term, more preventive, and less oriented toward personality reconstruction than psychotherapy d. Counseling is seen as a more integrative, focused, and objectivist approach compared to psychotherapy.
c. Counseling is generally seen as shorter-term, more preventive, and less oriented toward personality reconstruction then psychotherapy
Which section was added to the latest edition of the ACA Code of Ethics (2014)? a. Resolving Ethical Issues b. Advocacy and Social Justice c. Distance Counseling, Technology, and Social Media d. Research and Publication
c. Distance counseling, technology, and social media
A ___________ is a licensed physician who generally has completed a residency, or had extensive field placement training, in a mental health setting. a. Psychologist b. Social Worker c. Psychiatrist d. Counselor
c. Psychiatrist
Which is not true about the word "psychotherapist"? a. Most states do not legislate the word and don't offer licensure for someone who calls themselves a psychotherapist. b. Although in most states anyone can call themselves a psychotherapist, they cannot practice as one because it is not a licensed term c. Psychotherapists can practice counseling and psychotherapy in most states d. Two of the above are not true
c. Psychotherapists can practice counseling and psychotherapy in most states
A recent addition to ethical decision-making is the __________ model. a. Beneficent b. Cultural c. Social-constructionist d. Existential-humanistic
c. Social-constructionist
Two "common factors" include: a. Evidenced-based practice and the working alliance b. Evidenced-based practice and empathy c. The working alliance and the ability at delivering a theoretical approach d. The ability at delivering a theoretical approach and evidenced-based practice
c. The working alliance and the ability at delivering a theoretical approach
Which is true about licensed professional counselors? a. They can practice independently and obtain third-party reimbursement b. They are licensed by the specific state in which they work c. They are licensed by the National Board for Certified Counselors d. a and b e. b and c f. a and c
d. A and B
______________ has to do with protecting the independences, self-determination, and freedom of choice for clients. a. Nonmaleficence b. Beneficence c. Justice d. Autonomy
d. Autonomy
Which of the following would be ethically sound to do most of the time? a. Disregard the law if the counselor knows it will harm the client. b. Not keep records if the records will be used to harm the client. c. Break confidentiality when the client told you he or she has done something illegal in the past. d. Barter for counseling services if there is no exploitation or harm.
d. Barter for counseling services if there is no exploitation or harm
An empathic person is one who: a. Has experienced the problem of another person b. Has dealt with that kind of problem before c. Has been certified as being empathic d. Can understand the inner world of a person
d. Can understand the inner world of a person
Which is true about confidentiality? a. It should never be broken b. All counselors have privileged communication c. Parents do not have the right to obtain information about their children in counseling d. Confidentiality can be broken if one is in danger of harming self or others e. Two of the above are true
d. Confidentiality can be broken if one is in danger of harming self or others
Pick the correct item(s): a. Credentialing has to do with programs, accreditation with the individual b. Credentialing has to do with adherence to standards, accreditation with individual knowledge attainment c. Credentialing and accreditation are synonyms d. Credentialing has to do with individual knowledge attainment, accreditation with program adherence to standards. e. a and b f. c and d
d. Credentialing has to do with individual knowledge attainment, accreditation with program adherence to standards
__________ is the responsibility under the law for a violation of federal or state criminal statute. a. Forensic accountability b. Civil liability c. Felony malfeasance d. Criminal liability
d. Criminal Liability
___________ therapists include art therapists, play therapists, dance/movement therapists, poet therapists, music therapists and others who use creative tools to work with individuals who are experiencing significant trauma or emotional problems in their lives. a. Alternative b. Complementary c. Artistic d. Expressive.
d. Expressive
According to the book, which of the following factors affects how well a client does in counseling? a. If there is a significant other in counseling simultaneously b. Having a DSM-5 diagnosis c. If the client has previously been in counseling d. If a client is ready to change, has support, and psychological resources
d. If a client is ready to change, has support, and psychological resources
Which is not a core content area of CACREP: a. Professional orientation and ethical practice b. Social and cultural diversity c. Human growth and development d. Marriage and family counseling e. Career development
d. Marriage and Family Counseling
The ACA code of ethics has a section on all but which of the following? a. The Counseling Relationship b. Confidentiality, Privileged Communication, and Privacy c. Supervision, Training, and Teaching, Evaluation, Assessment, and Interpretation d. Professional Propriety
d. Professional propriety
Which is not true about the Multicultural and Social Justice Counseling Competencies? a. They used to be two separate competencies b. They have four domains, three focusing on multicultural issues and one on social justice issues c. They talk about how clients may be impacted by the group identity of the counselor and client (marginalized or privileged) d. They address the three "I's": ignorance, ineptitude, and ignoring in the counseling relationship
d. They address the three "I's": ignorance, ineptitude, and ignoring in the counseling relationship
Which is not true of an ethics code? a. They are a statement about the maturity and professional identity of a profession. b. They guide professionals toward certain types of behaviors that reflect the underlying values considered to be desirable in the profession. c. They offer a framework for the sometimes difficult ethical decision-making process. d. They are legal documents that can be used in a court of law to defend a counselor against malfeasance. e. They can be offered as one measure of defense if the professional is sued for malpractice.
d. They are legal documents that can be used in a court of law to defend a counselor against malfeasance
What role of school psychologists is most common? a. To do counseling in the schools b. To provide advice on medication for learning disabilities c. To offer ways of administrating new innovative counseling programs d. To test children in the schools
d. To test children in the schools
Which association would pastoral counselors most likely join? a. AAPC b. ASERVIC c. IAMFC d. ARPA e. a and b f. c and d g. all of the above
e. A and B
Which of the following helped the underprivileged and the poor and were the beginnings of social work in the U.S.? a. Charity Organization Societies b. The Settlement Movement c. The Civil Rights Legislation of the 1960's d. The National Defense Education Act (NDEA) e. a and b f. c and d g. a, b, c, and d
e. A and B
Individuals who serve as human service professionals have generally obtained what level of degree in human services? a. Associate's b. Bachelor's c. Master's d. Doctorate e. A or B f. C or D
e. A or B
Which is not a CACREP specialty area a. School counseling b. Rehabilitation counseling c. Pastoral counseling d. Marriage and family counseling e. Addiction counseling f. Clinical mental health counseling
e. Addiction counseling
There are sometimes conflicts within an ethics code and? a. Other Codes b. One's sense of morality c. The law d. Two of the above e. All of the above
e. All of the above
Which is not one of the six working alliance characteristics? a. Empathy b. Acceptance c. Genuineness d. Wellness e. Ethics f. Cultural Competence g. The "It Factor"
e. Ethics
Based on ACA's 2014 Ethics Code, which statement is true about having an intimate relationship with a client or former client? a. You can never do it b. You can have a sexual relationship if it's more than five years since the time the person was a client. c. You can have a sexual relationship if it's more than five years since the person was a client and you have documented the potential for exploitation. d. You can have a sexual relationship if it's more than two years since the person was a client and you have documented the potential for exploitation shown there is no potential for exploitation. e. You can have a sexual relationship if it's more than five years since the person was a client and you have documented the potential for exploitation shown there is no potential for exploitation.
e. You can have a sexual relationship if it's more than five years since the person was a client and you have documented the potential for exploitation shown there is no potential for exploitation.
Which content areas would be different between clinical mental health counselors and school counselors? a. Helping relationships b. Group work c. Testing d. Research and program evaluation e. Career counseling f. All of the above would be studied by both mental health and school counselors
f. All of the above would be studied by both mental health and school counselors