CPR, First-Aid, Basic Life Support, AED (Adult and Pediatric)

Compress the chest at a rate of 100 to 120 compressions per minute.

Centered on the chest

You are working in a senior center when you hear a thud and someone yells out that a man has collapsed. The scene is safe, but the man appears unresponsive. What should you do next?

Check for responsiveness by using the shout-tap-shout sequence while checking for breathing, life-threatening bleeding and other life-threatening conditions.

Which of the following are the appropriate depth and rate to use when giving chest compressions to an infant?

Compress the chest to a depth of about 1 ½ inches.Compress the chest at a rate of 100 to 120 compressions per minute.

Which of the following are the appropriate depth and rate to use when giving chest compressions to a child?

Compress the chest to a depth of about 2 inches. Compress the chest at a rate of 100 to 120 compressions per minute.

Responsive Person Choking

Continue giving sets of 5 back blows and 5 abdominal thrusts until the adult or child can cough, cry or speak, or they become unresponsive Chest thrusts if too large or pregnant

caring for a burn

Cool the burn under clean, cool, running water. Cool the burn as soon as possible and for at least 10 minutes, ideally 20 minutes. Leave the burn uncovered unless EMS is delayed, or you are in a remote location. In this case, cover the burn loosely with a sterile dressing.

Cardiac arrest is often due to a blockage of the blood vessels supplying oxygen to the heart muscle (heart attack). However, it can also occur due to the effects of which of the following?

Drowning Breathing emergency

When giving CPR to an unresponsive choking infant, what CPR technique should you use?

Encircling thumbs technique

What should you do if a choking person is coughing forcefully?

Encourage them to keep coughing

Which of the following are signs and symptoms of stroke?

Facial weakness on one side of the body. Arm weakness or grip weakness on one side of the body. Speech disturbance.

The call step involves calling 9-1-1, or telling someone to do so, and what else?

Getting the AED, a first aid kit and a bleeding control kit (if necessary) or telling someone to do so.

When drowning is the suspected cause of cardiac arrest, what should the responder do first?

Give 2 breaths

concussion care

Have the person rest without moving Maintain the person's body temperature Give care for other injuries that may be present

life-threatening illness

Heart attack Asthma attack Anaphylaxis Diabetic emergency Seizures Shock Opioid overdose Stroke High fever in young children and infants Vomiting, diarrhea and dehydration in young children and infants

Unresponsive Person Choking

If the choking person becomes unresponsive while you're giving care, carefully lower them to a firm, flat surface. 2Then immediately begin CPR, beginning with compressions. 3Before attempting breaths, open the mouth and look for an object. If you see an object, remove it with a finger sweep.

heat stroke care

Immerse the person up to their neck in cold water, if you can safely do so. If you can't immerse the person in cold water, apply cold, wet clothes or towels to the skin, then apply ice packs and fan the person. Watch for changes in the person's condition.

When giving chest thrusts, where on the choking infant's chest should the responder give thrusts?

In the center of the infant's chest, just below the nipple line.

Why is it important for you, the first aid responder, to ask questions using SAM and do a focused check of the responsive person?

It can help you to determine what care they may need.As time passes, the person may be less able to say things.You may be able to gather information that others may not be able to gather later.

When giving abdominal thrusts, where on the choking person's abdomen should the responder place their hands?

Just above the navel

The risk of infection when giving first aid care is low. Using what reduces your risk even further?

Latex free disposable gloves Face shield Pocket mask

head neck spine injury care

Leave the person in the position they were found Maintain the person's body temperature Give care for other injuries that may be present

When giving breaths using a pocket mask, what is the technique for opening the person's airway?

Lift the person's face into the mask to open the airway to a past-neutral position

When you ask someone to call 9-1-1 for you in an emergency situation, what communication techniques/instructions should you use?

Look directly at one person.Say, "You, call 9-1-1."

What is important to determine before giving sugar by mouth to the person experiencing a diabetic emergency?

Make sure the person is awake.Make sure the person can follow simple commands.Make sure the person can chew and swallow.

Signs and symptoms of a head, neck or spinal injury:

Mechanism of injury Change in behavior or mental status (e.g., unresponsiveness, confusion, stumbling, repeatedly asking the same questions, memory loss, nausea or vomiting, or speech problems) Head, neck or back pain or a visible injury Loss of sensation or movement Seizures Crying Inability to do activities that the person could previously do

You are placing pediatric AED pads on a 7-month-old infant. What is the correct placement of the pads for this infant?

Middle of the chest and on the back, between the shoulder blades.

heat stroke symptoms

Moist, pale or flushed skin Absence of sweating Some degree of sweating Unresponsive Confusion Seizure Headache Nausea Dizziness Weakness Exhaustion

hypothermia care

Move the person to a warmer place. Remove any wet clothes, wrap them in a blanket and cover their head to slowly warm them. Reassure the person until help arrives

A child was running around the house and crashed into a full-length mirror, breaking the glass. You see that she has a wound on the back of her head and there is blood flowing steadily from it and starting to pool on the ground. After calling 9-1-1, what should you do?

Never use a tourniquet to stop bleeding from the head, neck or trunk. Instead, use direct pressure.

When giving breaths to an infant with a face shield, you should cover which body parts of the infant with your mouth?

Nose and mouth

You are working a shift at the local farmer's market when you recognize that a 10-year-old shopping with their parent is choking. You check the scene for safety and approach the child. What do you need to do at this point?

Obtain consent from the parent (who is present) because the person is a minor.

Where on this person's arm should a tourniquet be applied?

On the forearm, about 2 to 3 inches above the wound between the wound and the heart

The three important steps when applying a windlass rod tourniquet are which of the following?

PULL the free end of the strap until the tourniquet is as tight as possible around the arm or leg. TWIST the rod until the bleeding stops or until you cannot twist the rod anymore. CLIP the rod in place to prevent the rod from untwisting and to keep the tourniquet tight.

You are placing adult AED pads on a 3-year-old child. When placing them on the chest, you notice that the pads are touching. What should you do?

Place one pad in the middle of the chest and one on the back, between the shoulder blades.

When applying direct pressure, it is important to do which of the following?

Press hard.Press directly over the wound.

When giving chest compressions, the goal is to do which of the following?

Push hard and fast

You are using a tourniquet to control life-threatening bleeding when the injured person cries out in pain. What should you do?

Reassure the person but continue to tighten the tourniquet until the bleeding stops or you cannot tighten it anymore.

hypothermia symptoms

Shivering (but may be absent as hypothermia worsens) Pale Cold to the touch Disoriented

When giving compressions, how should the first aid responder position their body and arms?

Shoulders directly over the hands and elbows locked

You have obtained consent and are checking a responsive person. You know you need to interview them first using SAM. What does SAM stand for?

Signs and symptoms Allergies Medications and medical conditions as person OR parent if the person is a minor

Before giving breaths to the child, you should open their airway using the head-tilt/chin-lift technique to which position?

Slightly past-neutral

When giving breaths during high-quality CPR, each breath should last about 1 second and make what happen?

The chest begin to rise

You may need to give chest thrusts in which of the following situations?

The person is pregnant. The person is too large for you to stand behind and reach around. The person is in a wheelchair and you are unable to give abdominal thrusts.

Signs that indicate a person is choking may include which of the following?

The person looks surprised. The person is making high-pitched squeaking noises. Coughing

What is the proper positioning for the thumbs when giving compressions to an infant using the encircling thumbs technique?

Thumbs placed side-by-side on the center of the infant's chest

A person who is responsive and breathing but not fully awake should be placed in a recovery position for which of the following reasons?

To lower their risk for choking and aspiration

You are using an AED on an older adult in cardiac arrest. They are wearing a sweatshirt. You need to remove the sweatshirt before you place the pads on the chest.

True

You are placing AED pads on a person in cardiac arrest. What is the correct placement for the pads?

Upper right side of the chest and lower left side of the chest, a few inches below the left armpit

You are placing adult AED pads on a 10-year-old child. What is the correct placement of the pads for this child?

Upper right side of the chest and lower left side of the chest, a few inches below the left armpit.

Volume

amount of blood present life-threatening when the amount of blood present is equal to about half of what a soda can contains.

You hear a scream and some loud noises coming from a few feet away in the crowded school playground. As you walk quickly across the playground, you tell yourself to do what first?

check the scene for safety

Vomiting and diarrhea in young children and infants can lead to which of the following?

dehydration stroke

If you encounter fire, chemicals, exposed electrical wires or other hazards

do not enter the scene. Instead immediately call 9-1-1 or tell someone to do so and follow your facility protocol.

Which of the following is best to use when applying direct pressure to control life-threatening bleeding?

h

As part of general care for a person with an injury or environmental emergency

it is important to keep the person from getting chilled or overheated. Keep the person in the position they are found in, unless you have to move them due to the scene becoming unsafe or you need to perform CPR reassure them that EMS has been called (if EMS is needed). Finally, continue to watch for changes in the person's condition, including breathing and level of responsiveness

You have a first aid kit and are about to give care to a co-worker who is unresponsive and not breathing. After calling 9-1-1 and getting equipment, what should you do before giving care, if possible?

latex-free disposable gloves

Before giving breaths to the infant, you should open their airway using the head-tilt/chin-lift technique to which position?

neutral

Pediatric AED pads should never be used on anyone

never be used on anyone over 8 years of age or weighing more than 55 pounds (25 kilograms).

Which of the following could be considered signs of an emergency?

noxious smell person who is clutching their throat crying

Before giving breaths to the adult, you should open their airway using the head-tilt/chin-lift technique to which position?

past neutral

Signs and symptoms of a heart attack

persistent chest pain, pressure, or squeezing; isolated, unexplained discomfort in the arms, neck, jaw, back, or stomach; and more general signs and symptoms such as dizziness or light-headedness; trouble breathing including shortness of breath; pale, gray, or bluish skin; nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea; extreme fatigue; sweating; a feeling of anxiety or impending doom; and unresponsiveness.

Child

someone from the age of 1 to the onset of puberty, as evidenced by breast development in girls and underarm hair development in boys

Which of the following images shows life-threatening bleeding?

spurting from wound flowing continuously from wound

When giving high-quality CPR, you should give compressions at a rate of which of the following per minute?

100-120

What would be the best thing to do if applying a tourniquet did not stop the person's bleeding?

Apply a second tourniquet, between the first tourniquet and the heart.

You have been applying direct pressure to a wound on the person's lower back for several minutes, but the bleeding hasn't stopped, and EMS has not arrived. What should you do?

Continue applying direct pressure until the bleeding stops, another person relieves you, you are too exhausted to continue, or the situation becomes unsafe. Never use a tourniquet to stop bleeding from the head, neck or trunk.

signs and symptoms concussion

Dizziness Loss of consciousness Headache Confusion Blurred or double vision Nausea Vomiting Seizures Memory loss Crying Inability to do activities that the person could previously do

During your interview of the person using SAM, they told you that they have a lot of pain in their left arm and that it is throbbing. What should you do next?

Do a focused check of their left arm.

When giving CPR to an infant, which of the following techniques may be used to give chest compressions?

Encircling thumbs technique/two fingers

Which of the following are signs and symptoms of shock?

Grayish skin Nausea Confusion

When giving back blows and abdominal thrusts to a small child, you may need to do which of the following?

Kneel behind the child.

Which of the following would lead you to suspect a person is in cardiac arrest?

Not breathing or gasping Unresponsive

If a person is unresponsive and breathing, which of the following positions is appropriate to use while you wait for EMS to arrive and begin their care of the person?

Recovery position

shout-tap-shout sequence

Technique used to check for patient responsiveness: First, shout "Are you OK?" using the patient's name if you know it, then tap the patient's shoulder (or bottom of the foot if an infant) and shout again.

Indication of medical emergency?

The person appears unresponsive and is laying on the ground. The person is bleeding.

What are some things to keep in mind about wearing gloves when giving first aid care?

avoid touching surfaces washing your hands after taking off gloves

What is your risk of catching a disease when giving first aid care?

low risk

Minimize necessary interruptions in chest compressions to

10 seconds

When giving high-quality CPR to an adult, you should give compressions at a depth of which of the following?

2 inches

How long should you wash your hands when using soap and water?

20 seconds

Each CPR cycle consists of

30 chest compressions 2 breaths

poison exposure symptoms

Abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea Abnormal skin color, sweating Life-threatening signs and symptoms of poison exposure include: Trouble breathing, breathing too fast, breathing too slow Fast or slow heart rate Unresponsiveness, changes in level of responsiveness, seizures, headache, dizziness, weakness

When giving chest thrusts to an infant, how deep should you press?

About 1 ½ inches.

If more than one responder is available and trained in CPR, when should the responders switch?

After every five cycles of CPR About every 2 minutes When the original responder is tiring

When there are two or more trained responders, one person will give CPR while the other person sets up the AED. When will the responders switch roles?

After the AED says that no shock is advised. After pushing the shock button.

What is it important to do between giving the first and second breath?

Allow the chest to fall and the air to exit

Adult

An adolescent is defined as someone from the onset of puberty through adulthood. When giving care, follow adult techniques and use appropriately sized equipment

Infant

An infant is defined as someone under the age of 1. When giving care, follow infant techniques and use appropriately sized equipment

If the chest does not rise on the first breath, and you reopen the airway and give a second breath and the chest still does not rise, what might be a reason?

An object might be blocking the airway.

A first aid responder is applying direct pressure to a person with life-threatening bleeding on the lower leg. A bystander has returned with a bleeding control kit. What should the responder do next?

Apply a tourniquet immediately.

A 14-month-old toddler has life-threatening bleeding from a wound on her upper arm. After calling 9-1-1, which of the following is the appropriate care for this child?

Apply direct pressure to stop the bleeding.

When giving back blows, where on the choking infant's back should the responder give back blows? On the infant's upper right shoulder blade

Between the infant's shoulder blades

When giving back blows, where on the choking person's back should the responder give back blows?

Between the shoulder blades

flow

Blood that is spurting and/or flowing continuously are signs of life-threatening bleeding movement of blood

Signs and symptoms of burns include

Burned areas can appear red, brown, black or white. You may see swelling, blisters or both. Burns range in severity from minor to life threatening.

burns that require immediate attention

Burns that extend through deeper layers of skin or the fat, muscle or bone underneath. Burns that cover more than one body part or a large percentage of the person's total body surface area. Burns that affect areas that could impair a person's function or their ability to breathe, such as burns on the face, hands, feet, joints or groin. Inhalation burns. Burns caused by electricity, chemicals, radiation or an explosion. Burns in people with medical conditions or other injuries. Burns in a young child, an infant or an older adult.

If your check of the person reveals that they are unresponsive and not breathing, what should you do first?

Call 9-1-1 and get the AED and first aid kit or tell someone to do so

What should you do first if a choking person is making high-pitched noises or is unable to speak, cry or cough forcefully?

Call 9-1-1 and get the equipment, or tell someone to do so.

Your co-worker fell off of a tall ladder and hit their head quite hard. You can see they have a large lump and they are bleeding a lot. You suspect a potentially life-threatening injury. You tell them you are trained in first aid and want to help them. They tell you, no; that they are fine and it is no big deal. What should you do?

Call 9-1-1 or tell someone to do so.