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Toxic Ethylene Oxide residues remaining on a sterilized medical device can be reduced to safe levels by using:

Mechanical aeration should be used to remove residual EtO which if left on the device, could be harmful to the patients.

These bacteria are often pathogenic to humans because they grow well at body temperature

Mesophiles

Which of these regulations established national emission standards for EtO for commercial sterilization facilities?

N E S H A P: RATIONALE National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants regulations established national emission standards for industrial EtO sterilization facilities.

Which agency develops the documentation for the immediately dangerous to life or health (IDLH) values?

NIOSH RATIONALE The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) publishes the immediately dangerous to life or health (IDLH) documentation

What is the preferred pH for detergent used for most cleaning processes?

Neutral pH

Anesthesia breathing circuits and endotracheal tubes are examples of

Non-critical devices

Which sterilants use oxidation as a sterilization mechanism

Ozone (03) and Hydrogen Peroxide (H202) use oxidation for sterilization.

What is the unit of measure used to describe the amount of EtO in the air?

PPM RATIONALE The amount of EIO in the air is measured in parts per million (PPM) The short-term exposure limit (STEL) of 5 ppm for 15 minutes. This means that the average EtO concentration during any 15-minute period of the workday should not exceed 5 ppm. The current OSHA permissible exposure limit (PEL) for EtO is 1 part per million (ppm) based on an 8-hour time weighted average (TWA) exposure

What is the unit of measure used to describe the amount of EtO in the air?

PPM RATIONALE The amount of ElO in the air is measured in parts per million (PPM) The short-term exposure limit (STEL) of 5 ppm for 15 minutes. This means that the average EtO concentration during any 15-minute period of the workday should not exceed 5 ppm.

When loading a steam sterilizer, linen packs should be

Perpendicular to the shelf

Right Water purification usually involves the use of

Pre-filter

An activity designed to identify and resolve work task-related problems is called

Process improvement: this activity us used to identify and resolve work task-related problems that yield poor quality; The strategy of finding solutions to eliminate the root causes of process performance problems

Which of the following tracking methods provides real time information?

R F I D RATIONALE Radio frequency identification (RFID) system uses small, bandage-size transponders that provide real-time data about the location of specific piece of equipment

The part of a surgical instruments that locks the handles in place is the

Ratchet

Steps of decontamination for instruments

Receive sort soak clean rinse

With this inventory system the needed items are requested by the using unit. The order is received and filled from Central Storage location and the requested items are then delivered to the requesting using unit

Requisition

The amount of EtO that remains inside material after sterilization is called:

Residual AERATION is used to remove residual

What happens if there is a discrepancy between the IFU and current standards and recommended practice on the use of a device?

Scientific judgment be applied to make the best medical decision that promotes the safety of patient If there is a discrepancy between the Product Instructions for Use (IFU)

The period of time during which sterile item is considered safe to use is known as

Shelf Life

The quality process that uses the DMADV/DMAIC processes to improve processes is known as:

Six Sigma Six Sigma is a quality process that focuses on developing and delivering near-perfect products and services

Which of the following packaging materials should not be used with steam sterilization?

Spunbond-polyolefin RATIONALE Spunbond polyolefin-plastic (aka Tyvek) packaging material should not be used with Steam sterilization ,as they will melt at high temperature. They are used with hydrogen peroxide and ozone sterilization

Which process is effective in treating prions?

Surfaces contaminated use sodium hydroxide (lye). keep wet at room temperature for one hour of contact time and then rinsed three times with water. This is necessary because Sodium hydroxide is corrosive. None of the other choices an effective treatment method.

The main control unit of the central nervous system is the...

The brain

What action should be taken if a hole is detected in a linen wrapping material?

The hole must be mended using thermo- seal patches

Which of the following can be said of the centralized supply system?

They include consolidated and standardized inventory;efficient use of space;efficient management of time and staff; just-in-time delivery of instruments and supplies to the operating rooms; Improvement of infection control;efficient gathering and dissemination of information

Thermophiles grow best at what temperatures ?

They thrive at relatively high temperatures, between 41 and 122 °C Or 106 and 252 °F

How far should sterile packages be from the wall

Two inches

This body creates and revises standards for packaging requirements for sterilizing water for irrigation

U S P-N F /United States Pharmacopeia-National Formulary It also ensures that drug substances

Who must ensure and verify that devices requiring sterilization have been validated for use in the sterilizers available at a specific facility?

User facility personnel

Cleaning instructions must be

Validated by the manufacturer

Larynx

Voice box

Right At the end of the sterilization cycle, the EtO cartridges and the gloves used to handle them should be

aerated

Intermediate to low level disinfectant include

alcohols, iodophor compounds and phenolic compound's

Which of the following are removed by water softeners?

calcium and magnesium in the water

Right Which of the following is the flexible connective tissue that provides framework to the body?

cartilage is a flexible connective tissue that provides framework to the body. Most bone mature from cartilage through a process called OSSIFICATION

For successful steam sterilization, the steam pressure on the chamber and jacket gauges during the exposure phase of the cycle for a 270 degree F ( 132 degree C) should be:

chamber and jacket gauges must be equal during the exposure phase of the cycle: 27 pounds per square inch gauge (psig) for a 270 degree F ( 132 degree C) setting

The Bowie Dick test is considered which type of monitoring process?

chemical monitoring process

The optimum amount of a supply to order called the

economical order quantity RATIONALE The Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) is the number of units that a company should add to inventory with each order to minimize the total costs of inventory-such as holding costs, order costs, and shortage costs

Bowie Dick exposure time should be

set for a 3.5 minute exposure at 273 degrees F (134 degrees

Which of the following devices are compatible with ozone sterilization?

stainless steel instruments

The three parameters of steam sterilization

steam under pressure, time and temperature

Dry steam in

sterilizer cycle causes Items in the sterilizer to remain dry and microorganisms cannot be killed readily RATIONALE Dry steam also called superheated steam is the condition of steam when its temperature is too high relative to its pressure in a steam table. Dry steam causes; items in the sterilizer to remain dry which makes it more challenging to kill microorganism compared to under steam conditions. The inner portion of the wrapped will remain cool as the dry heat is not potent enough to reach the inner parts of the items

Why must textile packs be placed on their sterilization?

textile packs be placed on their sides to facilitate air removal and steam penetration

For routine monitoring, AAMI recommends that a conventional biological testing be done at least:

weekly preferably every day that the sterilizer is used

Strict labeling requirements on manufacturers of chemicals used by Central service departments are imposed by

ЕРА

Hairbrush,tissues,doorknobs are examples of

fomites which Is an object that can transfer germs

Which of the following microorganisms is used to biologically monitor the low-temperature gas plasma sterilizer?

geobacillus stearothermophilus RATIONALE Geobacillus stearothermophilus is used to biologically monitor the low-temperature gas plasma sterilizer

How much space should be left on each side a peel pouch when filling it with instruments?

1/4 inch of space should be left on each side of the pouch. A total of one inch of free space should be left in the pouch

What should be the ideal chloride concentration in tap water?

100 ppm or lessn

Right What should be the ideal chloride concentration in tap water?

100ppm or less

How many inches should sterile packages be from the sprinkler head

18

Pathogenic microorganisms have an optimum pH of

7 to 7.8. Note that the human blood has the same pH of 7.0 to 7.8. Pathogenic bacteria are bacteria that can cause disease

What is the recommended temperature for the sterile storage area?

75°F. There should be at least 4 air exchanges per hour Relative humidity should not exceed 70%

What is the minimum relative humidity to ensure adequate moisture contact for steam sterilization?

97% Saturated steam should possess a relative humidity level of 97%-100% for effective steam sterilization

How often should mechanical cleaning equipment be tested for cleaning effectiveness?

At least weekly

Cleaning and decontamination should begin:

At the point-of-use Cleaning and decontamination should begin at the point-of-use.

Which of the following microorganisms is used to biologically monitor the dry heat sterilizer?

Bacillus atrophaeus

Which of the following microorganisms is used biologically monitor the dry heat sterilizer?

Bacillus atrophaeus used to biologically monitor the dry heat sterilizer

How does biofilm impact the cleaning process?

Biofilm prevents antimicrobial agents, such as sterilants, disinfectants, and antibiotics, from reaching microorganisms, and is difficult to clean from contaminated instrumentation and processing equipment

Which of the following is an example of regulated medical waste?

Blood soaked sponges

The inventory system that stocks supplies by established levels is

Case cart

Which class of indicators does autoclave fall under?

Class 1

Class 1 Right Which class of indicators does autoclave tape falls under?

Class 1 RATIONALE Tape and indicators found on paper or plastic peel pouches are examples of Class 1 indicato

The FDA classifies sterilization packaging as a:

Class II Medical Device

A group of employees from different departments within the healthcare facility that work together to solve operating problems Is called a

Cross functional team

P E L is for E t o

Current OSHA standard Permissible exposure limit for E T O is 1 part per million base on an 8 hour T W A time weighted average

The most frequent cause of Central Service errors is probably:

Cutting corners

Right The amount of time that it takes to kill 90% of the microorganisms present on an object is called:

D value

Which of the following is used to treat the final rinse water used for cleaning?

Deionization: these systems are used for heating and cooling therapy units, and for the final rinse water in manual and automated cleaning processes

Which agency regulates emission standards for ethylene oxide (EtO)?

E P A, regulates chemical disinfectants/sterilants used in CSDS. Regulations under the Clean Air Act are administered by the EPA. The agency also imposes very strict labeling requirements on manufacturers of chemicals used by Central Service departments

Which agency imposes very strict labeling requirements on manufacturers of chemicals used by Central Service departments?

EPA requires that manufacturers comply with EPA's labeling regulation for products made with or containing class I and class II

Which of the following requirements are important for low temperature sterilization?

Eight basic requirements are Effectiveness,Monitoring,Quality Assurance, Penetration, Material Compatibility, Adaptability, Approval and Safety

Which of the following agencies regulate EtO?

EtO is regulated by OSHA, EPA, FDA

Which of the following should not be sterilized with Ethylene Oxide?

Ethylene Oxide does not penetrate through water and will not sterilize the surface under the water, therefore excessively wet items should be avoided. Leather items should not be sterilized in EtO because the tanning chemicals in the leather may combine with EtO to form chlorohydrin, which could be harmful.

Which of the following sterilants d uses akylination as a sterilization mechanism?

Ethylene Oxide. E t o

Internal Nurses, physicians, and other professionals working in the healthcare facility are of Central Service are referred to as

internal customers

The percentage of items filled when an order placed is called:

inventory service level

After sterilization, the wrapped package should

not be touched until they cool to room or ambient temperature

What property of Hydrogen Peroxide (H202) makes it highly effective to quickly inactivate microorganisms?

oxidation. Hydrogen peroxide acts as a strong oxidizing agent. This is how it inactivates microorganisms relatively quickly

Right Which of the following are cleaned by multi enzymatic cleaning products containing lipase?

Fats

when an emergency situation arises, unwrapped instruments can be steam sterilized for immediate use. This process is know as:

Flash sterilization

Which of the following will you use to kill microorganisms?

Germicidal detergents RATIONALE Detergents in general do not kill microorganisms, but germicidal detergents have this capability

Which of the following will you use to kill microorganisms?

Germicidal detergents: Detergents in general do not kill microorganisms, but germicidal detergents have this capability

What type of bacteria develops spores?

Gram-positive They survive in hostile environmental conditions.

Right Which of these disinfectant families is lodophors a member of:

Halogens, antiseptic or disinfectant that combines iodine with another agent

Marking tape for Retractors should be taped on the

Handle

Another name for the THROAT is:

pharynx Throat; Trachea (Windpipe ) connects the pharynx and larynx to the lungs, allowing the passage of air; Esophagus (foodpipe ) the tube that carries food, liquids and saliva from your mouth to the stomach

A molecular reaction that creates an uncontrolled release of energy is called

polymerization, this is the molecular reaction that creates an uncontrolled release of energy

What type of hepatitis vaccine is strongly recommended for most healthcare workers?

Hepatitis B

Markings tape for Forceps should be taped on the:

proximal end.

Which of the following disinfectants is also known as a "wetting agent?"

quaternary ammonium compounds (quats) are known as wetting agents

What Containers used to transport contaminated endoscopes should be:

red or red-orange

The increasing pressure and demands for reprocessing services have led to the formation of

I D N Integrated Delivery Network which is system of health care providers and organization which provide a coordinated range of services to a specific population

The international standard used by participating organizations help assure that they consistently deliver quality services and products?

IS9000

Right In an ABC Inventory Control system, what does the "A" items represent?

In an ABC Inventory Control system, the "A" items representthe smallest number of items and the largest dollar value so they cost the most to handle and store

Right Which of the following when present in water cause bluish or rainbow-type stains on surgical instruments?

Iron and silicates

Which of the following when present in water causes bluish or rainbow-type stains on surgical instruments?

Iron and silicates create bluish or rainbow-type stains

The body that requires preventive maintenance standards be established for medical equipment is?

Joint commission

Which of the following is most responsible for sterilization failures in the hospital?

Lack of steam contact

Which of the following is most responsible for sterilization failures in the hospital?

Lack of steam contact RATIONALE Steam sterilization requires four conditions: adequate contact, sufficiently high temperature, correct time and sufficient moisture.