Cricket

When was the first game recorded?

- 16th century England

What sport was most popular in the India sub-continent than any other sport?

cricket

What did they early cricket games lack?

- coherent set of rules

Where was cricket mainly played?

- grammar schools and farm communities

What players came to the forefront in in the 1990s?

- Steve Waugh and Shane Warne

How does a boundary effect scoring?

•If a batsman bats the ball with a speed resulting the ball to touch the boundary, the batsman scores a Boundary. •In that sense, a Boundary is also a batting shot that makes the ball touch or pass the demarcation.

Explain Test Cricket

•Originally, no limit to the number of innings •Considered the highest standard •Initially, unlimited overs •An over has six consecutive balling turns, all of which are bowled by a single bowler.

Explain Twenty20 Cricket

•T20 •Completed in three hours •Each innings lasting around 75-90 minutes •Two teams have a single innings each, which is restricted to a maximum of 20 overs •Greatly increased the popularity of the game •Purists say it's not real cricket

What are the three different cricket formats?

•Test Cricket •One Day Cricket •Twenty20 Cricket

What is the cricket pitch?

•The rectangle "pitch" in the center is where the game happens. •Players on a pitch

What role do wickets play in this game? How many are there? How far are they apart?

•There are two wickets at each end of the pitch •22 yards apart •A bowling crease is in line with the wicket•Pitch and the Wickets •The batsman should guard the wicket from being hit by the ball. •When the wicket is hit, the batsman is out from the game.

Explain Modern Test Cricket

•Two teams of 11 players play a four innings match •Currently a test match take up to 5 days •Considered the most complete examination of teams' playing ability and endurance

Explain the structure of the wicket

•Wooden structures •made up of a set of three stumps topped by a pair of bails.

When was the first cricket match in India recorded? Where was it played? By who?

- 1712, in Western India as a match played by a group of sailors.

When was the first international match? Who played in it? Where was it held? What was the outcome?

- 1877 - between England and Australia - in Melbourne - Australia beat England by 46 runs

When did Australia win its first Test on English soil?

- 1882

When did New Zealand play its first Test? Who was it against? Who won?

- 1930 - England in Christchurch. - England won

Who was Australia's first real hero? When?

- 1930s - record-breaking batsman Don Bradman

When did New Zealand win its first Test match? Against who? Where?

- 1956 - beating the West Indies at Eden Park.

When was NZ first world tournament played?

- 1975

How long did it take for NZ to win a Test match?

- 26 years

How many times has NZ reached the semi-finals of the World Cup?

- 4 times

How many test matches have been played? Explain the results

- 70 Ashes series: - Australia have won 33, England 32 and five series have been drawn.

What was the early cricket games like?

- A ball of wool bowled at a target - The target was a tree stump or the hurdle gate of a sheep pasture - The target was defended with a shepherd's crook which later evolved into a bat

Government of India Act of 1858- where was the power transferred? What did it establish? Who/what position administered India? Who was crowned as Empress of India? How was all of this achieved?

- All power transferred from the East India Company to the British Crown; British Crown took direct control over India - Established British Raj - An appointed governor-general administered India - Queen Victoria crowned as the Empress of India - All of this was done by force

What is Australasia?

- Australasia: term used to describe a region within the Pacific Ocean - Australia, New Zealand, New Guinea and the neighboring islands of the Pacific

Who were the Australasian cricket giants?

- Australia & New Zealand

When did NZ first co-host the tournament and with who?

- Australia in 1992

Who created the world's first specialist cricket academy? When?

- Australia, 1980s

Explain the relation between Ivo Bligh and The Ashes urn

- Before the match the English captain Ivo Bligh vowed to "regain those ashes." - The English media therefore dubbed the tour "the quest to regain the Ashes". - After England won two of the three Tests on the tour, a small urn was presented to Bligh.

In Australia, who were the initial cricket matches played between?

- British colonies established in the region of Australia - Matches played between the six separate British self-governing colonies

How was cricket introduced to South Asia?

- British colonizers

Cricket in the early 20th century- explain the annual tournament that was held in 1912. Who played in it? Where was it held? How long did it last? What was the atmosphere like?

- By 1912 an annual tournament between Parsees, Hindus, Muslims and Europeans was organized in Bombay - Tournament lasted up to 15 days - 15-day carnival - Celebratory atmosphere - People took days off from work to watch the matches - Great deal of enthusiasm surrounding community matches - Matches were played between the teams of Hindus, Muslims

In 1901, Australian colonies united to form __________________, establishing a system of _____________ in Australia.

- Commonwealth of Australia - federalism

How has cricket evolved in South Asia?

- Cricket has also become a major commercial sport in these countries especially with the introduction of regional championships like Indian Premier League

Where did cricket spread to first in the late 19th century India?

- Cricket spread in the Parsee community first

West India Company- what did it do? Where was it based?

- Drove the expansion of the British Empire in Asia. Transformed from a commercial trading venture to one which virtually ruled India. Increasingly acquired auxiliary governmental and military functions - Based in India

Explain England's success, or lack of, in modern cricket.

- England have never won a Cricket World Cup so far. - They were the losing finalists in 1979, 1987, and 1992. - However, England won the T20 World Cup in 2010.

Explain The Ashes origins/reason

- English cricket had died, and the "body will be cremated and the ashes taken to Australia."

When was the British Empire established? How did it originate? How many people did it rule over in 1913? By 1920 what percent of land area in the world did it cover? What was a quote associated with it?

- Established by England between the late 16th and early 18th centuries - Originated with overseas possessions and trading posts - By 1913: ruled over 412 million people - By 1920: covered 24% of land area in the world. - "The sun never sets in the British empire"

When are Test matches played? How often? How many?

- Five Test matches, hosted in turn by England and Australia at least once every two years.

Who were some star players of Australian Cricket in the 1970s?

- Ian and Greg Chappell and fast bowler Jeff Thomson

Explain what Queen Elizabeth did in 1600 in relation to the British Rule in India

- In 1600, Queen Elizabeth I granted Royal Charter to the East India Company - Effectively gave it a monopoly on trade in the region

What played a key rule in the spread of cricket? Where did it spread to?

- colonization, West Indies, India, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa

What were Gymkhanas?

- elite sports clubs in India and Pakistan - Places in which sport competitions including cricket matches took place

Explain the significance of Captain James Cook's voyage to Australia.

- In 1766, Captain James Cook was commissioned to lead an astronomical expedition to the Pacific Ocean. - Captain Cook also wanted to search for a southern continent called Terra Australis - In April 1770, James Cook claimed the east coast of Australia for Britain. - He landed on coast of Victoria - This voyage was a significant step of the worldwide spread of cricket. - Soon after colonization, cricket became popular as a sport in Australia, especially in the south-eastern colonies. - The first definite reference to cricket in Australia comes from 1804, when the January edition of The Sydney Gazette recorded that recent weather had been favorable to cricketers.

Parsee Gymkhana- when was this formed and where?

- In 1888, they formed the Parsi Gymkhana in Bombay (Mumbai)

What countries were the South Asian Cricket Giants?

- India - Sri Lanka - Pakistan - Bangladesh

Who were the Maharajas? Where were they educated? What rule did they play in promoting cricket?

- Indian princes (royalty) - Educated in English public schools and Oxbridge - Promoted cricket by building grounds and running their own teams

What were Indians rule in early cricket?

- Initially, Indians were mere spectators, then they began to play.

What were the initial Gymkhanas like?

- Initially, the clubs were whites only - Later, a group of Indians played cricket in Gymkhanas in emulation of the whites

East India Company

- Late 18th and early 19th Century: British Crown assumed an increasingly large role in the Company - Series of Acts of Parliament regulated the Company's affairs

Indian Rebellion of 1857- what did it result in? What act did they do?

- Led to the end of the East India Company - Cartridges greased with lard from cows and pigs.

What were three Gymkhana communities?

- Parsee Gymkhana - Delhi Gymkhana - Hindu Gymkhana

Parsee Community

- Parsees: centuries earlier fled Persia to seek asylum in India - Their descendants formed a powerful business and professional class

Explain the British Empire in the 19th Century

- Population of Britain increased at a dramatic rate - Rapid urbanization - A period of imperialist expansion was launched - Britain sought new sources of raw materials and markets

Explain the Suppression of Indian Rebellion.

- Rebels disorganized - British military troops took 6 months to suppress - Suppression was very violent, brutal - Wanted to ensure that such a large-scale rebellion would never happen again - British government dissolved the East India Company in 1858 as a result of this rebellion

Who did the story of Australia's rise begin with? When?

- Richie Benaud, the young captain who rejuvenated the post-war game in the 1950s

Explain the British Raj

- Rule of the British Crown between 1848 and 1947 - During this time, the British Raj was directly administered by the United Kingdom by indigenous rulers. - Ended in 1947, with the partition of the British Indian Empire into two sovereign states: Dominion of India and Dominion of Pakistan

Explain the early start of Hindus and Muslims with cricket in relation to Gymkhanas. What did this lead to?

- Soon Hindus and Muslims also took up the game - Hindus and Muslims were denied space to play in central Bombay - Instead, each community was given land on the seafront to play - Later built gymkhanas for each community next to each other in mutual rivalry

Cricket in 19th century India- how did it spread? Where was it most popular?

- Spread as a result of East India Company - Madras, Bombay (Mumbai), Calcutta: leading centers of cricket - Cricket was popular among the native population

Why did the British like the separate communities of Gymkhanas?

- The British liked this system because it resulted in a disunity among the communities (making them easier to govern)

Explain the popularity of cricket in India

- The most popular sport in India, despite hockey being the national sport - Major matches are watched by almost 90% of the population - A national obsession - A perfect example of the colonized appropriating a sport to fight against the colonizer.

How is Australia in modern day cricket?

- The most successful team in the Cricket World Cup, dominated the World Cup

Explain the relation between the urn and the official trophy of The Ashes

- The urn has never been the official trophy of the Ashes series. It was only a personal gift to Bligh. - replicas of the urn are often held by victorious teams as a symbol of their victory in an Ashes series. - The urn presented to Bligh remains in the MCC Museum at Lord's.

What aided to the growth of club cricket?

- Travel constraints among the colonies

What is The Ashes?

- a Test cricket series played between England and Australia

When did the European colonization of New Zealand begin?

- after 1800

In the 19th century, what group did the MCC promote cricket upon?

- among boys at public schools (Eton, Harrow, Winchester)

Where does the earliest definite reference to cricket in New Zealand appear and when? What does it mention?

- appears in 1832 diary of Archdeacon Henry Williams - In an entry from December 1832, he mentions boys in and around Paihia on Horotutu Beach playing cricket

Who eventually took control of cricket? How did they adopt the game?

- aristocracy - adopted as a betting game using professional players (hired people to play it and place bets)

What was cricket spread as according to the English?

- as an expression of "English morality"

What equipment is used in cricket?

- bat, ball, wicket, stumps, bails

What is Lord's in London known as?

- birthplace of cricket

How was cricket invented?

- by children in Southeast England (a sheep-rearing region)

What are the contents of the urn of The Ashes?

- he ashes of a wooden bail, and were humorously described as "the ashes of Australian cricket"

What did the MCC promotion of cricket encourage?

- ideals of fair play and courtesy to the opposition

When was cricket establish as a major sporting code in New Zealand?

- late 19th century

In the 18th century, what classes took up cricket? Where was it popular amongst these classes?

- leisure classes - Sussex, Kent, London

When was cricket finally played at every level of society?

- middle of the 18th century

What did the British Rule in India consist of?

- modern-day India, Pakistan and Bangladesh (before the partition on 1947)

Explain cricket in New Zealand. When is it most popular? Where is it played? When was it first played?

- most popular summer sport - Played everywhere from backyards and beaches to parks and stadiums. - Played since the 1830s, oldest organized sport in New Zealand

Why has white been the uniform color of cricket?

- people with money could afford the have their clothes washed if they got dirty

Where and when was the first match recorded with scores played?

- played at Wellington in December 1842.

Who were English tours popular amongst? Who was it highly profitable for? Who was one of these English team captains?

- popular among spectators - highly profitable for the cricketers and promoters - W.G. Grace

Cricket's Popularity

- second most popular sport in the world - most popular "traditional" sport

What is the origin of the bat? The wicket?

- sheperd's crock, gates for sheep

How long have Australians been playing cricket?

- since the country was established as a British Penal Colony at the beginning of the 19th century.

Who was the MCC sponsored by? Who were the players?

- sponsored by wealthy patrons - players were local tradesmen and farmers

What was established in the Codification of Cricket by the MCC?

- techniques of batting and bowling

What gave cricket its first formal laws? When? Are they still intact today?

- the MCC, 1835, still largely intact

Over time, how did the colonized take up cricket? Were they successful?

- the colonized excelled in cricket and started beating the English colonizers in their own game

"It's not cricket" is a phrase used to do what?

- to describe something crooked, not quite right

What was the aim of promoting cricket among boys at public schools?

- to turn cricket into a "test" of moral character

How did Australia turn the game of cricket?

- turned the game of the colonizers into a game for all

When did cricket in Australia experience a major boost?

- when English teams began touring the colonies in the 1860s.

How many countries play cricket?

120 countries around the world

When was cricket invented? During what periods?

13th Century; Saxon and Norman periods

When was the Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) established?

1760s

In the ______ century, cricket became popular as a rough rural pastime

17th century

In 1864, the English team "__________________" arrived in Melbourne

All-England Eleven

An organized match was held at the ______________, Finsbury, London, in 1730.

Artillery Grounds

In what social class is cricket especially popular?

British Commonwealth

What was the primary means for spreading English language and culture, including cricket?

East India Company and Cricket

Because of the MCC, where did cricket shift to?

London

Where were the MCC headquarters?

Lord's ground

How was cricket spread out of Mumbai?

Outside of Mumbai, cricket was spread through the patronage of the maharajas (the Hindu and Muslim princes of India)

What landscape of western India was a popular scene for cricket matches?

The beaches of western India in the early 18th-Century were often the scene for impromptu cricket matches played by British soldiers.

What is a hat trick?

When the same bowler dismisses three batsmen with consecutive deliveries. All forms of dismissals count, except a run out.

What is the national sport of England?

cricket

Equipment of the players

helmet, gloves, pads

What was in the main centers of New Zealand cricket?

inter-club competitions

Cricket was thought to be Asia's new found "____________"

religion

What is a boundary on the cricket field?

•A Boundary is a visible demarcation marking the edge of the field.

Explain innings in cricket

•A Cricket match is divided into periods called innings. •Who bats first is decided before the game begins, by tossing a coin by the team captains. •A team can elect to either bat or field first. •The teams reverse roles after an inning. •During the first inning, two players from the team that elected to bat first and all the players of the fielding team should be present on the pitch.

What is cricket?

•A bat and ball game •The basic concept of cricket is similar to that of baseball •Played between two teams, 11 players each - Played on a field that has a rectangular 22-yard-long pitch in the center.

How do you play cricket?

•A bowler throws the ball to the batsman •Bowler's objective: to hit the wicket and prevent the batsmen from scoring runs and boundaries •Batsman's objective: protect the wicket and try to score as many runs as possible •The striker is the one who bats •The non-striker helps the striker to score runs •Two ways the batsman can score runs 1. Hit the ball beyond the boundary 2. Batsmen run to the other side of the pitch after batting •In order to win, a team has to score more runs (points/marks) than the opposing team.

Explain One Day International Cricket

•A match with a limited number of overs, usually 50. •Each team faces the fixed number of overs. •Only two innings •The ICC Cricket World Cup is played in this format, which is generally held every four years.

What are bails?

•Bails are the two pieces that rest atop the stumps and usually falls when these are hit.

How can one be dismissed from the game? (ways of getting out/ dismissal)

•Clean-bowled: When the ball hits the wicket straight. •Caught: When the ball is in the air and caught by a fielder before landing. •Leg Before Wicket (LBW): When the ball strikes any part of the batsman's body before hitting the bat. •Run out: When a fielder removes bail while batsman is outside the crease.

What are the two types of boundary shots?

•Fours: shots that score four runs from a single delivery. If the ball bounces before touching or going over the edge of the field (boundary line), the batting team gets four runs. •Sixes: shots that score six runs. If the ball does not bounce before passing over the boundary/if the ball passes the boundary line in the air, the batting team gets six runs from a single delivery.

Explain the cricket ball. What is it similar to?

•Hard, cork and string ball, covered with leather •A bit like a baseball (in size and hardness), but the leather covering is thicker and joined in two hemispheres, not in a tennis ball pattern.