CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION CHAPTER 3

involves search in slightly decreasing, less-than-concentric circles

a feature of the spiral pattern of crime scene research

microscopic scene

consists of specific objects and pieces of evidence associated with the commission of a crime

unprotected sex

hepatitis b (HBV) spread through

untenable references

investigative reasoning can be distorted by

grid search

is a variant of the strip/line search pattern

hepatitis b

most common disease worldwide

grid search

person doubles back

during the attainment of the objective of a crime scene investigation

support of specialists will be required to attain certain objectives

deductive reasoning

tests hypothesis against factual situations

preliminary investigation

the actions taken by the first officer to arrive at the scene of a crime after its detection and reporting are collectively termed

crime

the commission of any act that is prohibited or the omission of any act that is required by the penal code of an organised political state is called a

tracing evidence

the identification and location of a suspect are the primary goals of

primary scene

the location where the initial offense was committed

secondary scenes

the locations of all subsequent connected events of a crime are known as

intact skin

the most important protective barrier against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is

they must use the appropriate personal protective equipment

the most important step to be taken by crime scene investigators at crime, accidental, and other scenes with a potential or known human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) risk

chain of custody

the witnessed, unbroken, written chronological history of who had the evidence when

there is no vaccine for hepatitis c (HCV)

true

fiber

type of crime scene evidence that can be located by using trace-evidence vacuums

triangulation

under this method of forensic mapping, each pair of measurements is anchored by a reference point

grid search pattern

used in a crime investigation when the area to be searched is relatively small compared to the significantly large area searched using the zone search pattern

the grid system method

a forensic mapping method that is useful when there is a large outdoor scene with no significant features or landmarks

establishing a decontamination point as required

a forensic services function from the following

crime scene processing is frequently affected by the severity of the offense

a true statement about typical crime scene problems

neighbourhood canvass

an attempt to locate witnesses who may have heard, seen, or smelled something of investigative importance

it is both detected and reported

an offense is of concern to investigators only when

1. panoramic cameras 2. laser scanning

automated digital imaging systems used in crime scene investigations

the end of a crime scene processing and the return of the premises to the owner or another responsible person

crime scene release

violent felony

responsibilities of investigators are particularly heavy during an arrest for a

spiral search pattern

search pattern executed by a single person at an outdoor crime scene

cleared by arrest

situation in which a perpetrator has been arrested and there is sufficient evidence to file criminal charges against him or her

orientation, relationship, identification ,comparison

stages of digital still photography in the order of progression

a supervisor

the person to review and approve the incident report

forensic mapping

the process of taking and recording the precise measurements of items of evidence to be drawn of fixed on a sketch is known as

when deadly force is directed at them

when can investigators legally use deadly force in a place of crime

1. fragile evidence 2. evidence in open-view areas

evidence processed first during a crime investigation

inductive reasoning

moves from the specific details to a general view

can lead to confusion of assignments

a problem caused by the presence of too many investigative officials at a crime scene

move through the crime scene without disturbing evidence

a protocol to be followed when using a digital video camera at a crime scene

1. awareness of difference between knowing things and doing things 2. they supplement an investigation with their own initiative and resourcefulness 3. they use legally approved methods and are highly ethical

characteristic of a competent investigator

1. the searcher proceeds down in lanes, reverse his or her direction, and continues in this pattern 2. grid search

characteristics of a strip/line search pattern of crime scene search

investigative services

conducting neighbourhood canvases, recording the results of a vehicle canvass, and performing field interrogation of the suspect in custody are functions of

corpus delicti evidence

evidence that substantiates elements whose commission or omission must be demonstrated to have occurred in order to prove a case

polar method of forensic mapping

excellent choice for outdoor crime scenes. but not good choice for heavily forested areas or fields where crops or bushes are roughly more than waist high

strip

in the context of pie/wheel search pattern of crime scene, a variation of said method is usually executed after the division of the search area into pie-shaped sections

associative evidence

which of the following evidence is bidirectional in nature ?

investigators must evaluate information accurately and use sound judgement in making investigative decisions because

an arrest will incur economic and/or social costs for a person even if not convicted

panoramic camera

provides an unbroken, continuous view of the area that encircles it

zone search

requires a crime scene is divided into four large quadrants

1. briefing crime scene team members simultaneously 2. obtaining a search warrant

responsibilities of a senior investigator at a crime scene

identify the advantages of using digital video cameras to document a crime scene

1. they incorporate audio 2. they are better than still photography images

use sound judgement when collecting evidence

during a crime investigation, the rule of inclusiveness requires an investigator to

a supervisor

during a crime scene investigation, who is authorised to review and approve the incident report prepared by an investigative officer ?

1. equipment that was brought to the scene is retrieved 2. decides positions of the inner and outer perimeters of the scene of an offense

duty of crime scene coordinator

the cross-projection view

identify the sketching view that lays the walls to a room down so that object of interest in a wall can be mapped

presence of dangerous chemicals

in context of forensic services, identify a factor that shapes the initial plan for processing crime scenes

rectangular coordinate method

in forensic mapping, this is the bets to use with crime scenes having clear and specific boundaries

elimination print

in the context of applying inclusiveness, is useful in determining whether a latent fingerprint found at a crime scene belongs to the suspect

relevant locations

in the context of classifying crime scenes based on sized, a macroscopic scene of a crime includes