CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION CHAPTER 3
involves search in slightly decreasing, less-than-concentric circles
a feature of the spiral pattern of crime scene research
microscopic scene
consists of specific objects and pieces of evidence associated with the commission of a crime
unprotected sex
hepatitis b (HBV) spread through
untenable references
investigative reasoning can be distorted by
grid search
is a variant of the strip/line search pattern
hepatitis b
most common disease worldwide
grid search
person doubles back
during the attainment of the objective of a crime scene investigation
support of specialists will be required to attain certain objectives
deductive reasoning
tests hypothesis against factual situations
preliminary investigation
the actions taken by the first officer to arrive at the scene of a crime after its detection and reporting are collectively termed
crime
the commission of any act that is prohibited or the omission of any act that is required by the penal code of an organised political state is called a
tracing evidence
the identification and location of a suspect are the primary goals of
primary scene
the location where the initial offense was committed
secondary scenes
the locations of all subsequent connected events of a crime are known as
intact skin
the most important protective barrier against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is
they must use the appropriate personal protective equipment
the most important step to be taken by crime scene investigators at crime, accidental, and other scenes with a potential or known human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) risk
chain of custody
the witnessed, unbroken, written chronological history of who had the evidence when
there is no vaccine for hepatitis c (HCV)
true
fiber
type of crime scene evidence that can be located by using trace-evidence vacuums
triangulation
under this method of forensic mapping, each pair of measurements is anchored by a reference point
grid search pattern
used in a crime investigation when the area to be searched is relatively small compared to the significantly large area searched using the zone search pattern
the grid system method
a forensic mapping method that is useful when there is a large outdoor scene with no significant features or landmarks
establishing a decontamination point as required
a forensic services function from the following
crime scene processing is frequently affected by the severity of the offense
a true statement about typical crime scene problems
neighbourhood canvass
an attempt to locate witnesses who may have heard, seen, or smelled something of investigative importance
it is both detected and reported
an offense is of concern to investigators only when
1. panoramic cameras 2. laser scanning
automated digital imaging systems used in crime scene investigations
the end of a crime scene processing and the return of the premises to the owner or another responsible person
crime scene release
violent felony
responsibilities of investigators are particularly heavy during an arrest for a
spiral search pattern
search pattern executed by a single person at an outdoor crime scene
cleared by arrest
situation in which a perpetrator has been arrested and there is sufficient evidence to file criminal charges against him or her
orientation, relationship, identification ,comparison
stages of digital still photography in the order of progression
a supervisor
the person to review and approve the incident report
forensic mapping
the process of taking and recording the precise measurements of items of evidence to be drawn of fixed on a sketch is known as
when deadly force is directed at them
when can investigators legally use deadly force in a place of crime
1. fragile evidence 2. evidence in open-view areas
evidence processed first during a crime investigation
inductive reasoning
moves from the specific details to a general view
can lead to confusion of assignments
a problem caused by the presence of too many investigative officials at a crime scene
move through the crime scene without disturbing evidence
a protocol to be followed when using a digital video camera at a crime scene
1. awareness of difference between knowing things and doing things 2. they supplement an investigation with their own initiative and resourcefulness 3. they use legally approved methods and are highly ethical
characteristic of a competent investigator
1. the searcher proceeds down in lanes, reverse his or her direction, and continues in this pattern 2. grid search
characteristics of a strip/line search pattern of crime scene search
investigative services
conducting neighbourhood canvases, recording the results of a vehicle canvass, and performing field interrogation of the suspect in custody are functions of
corpus delicti evidence
evidence that substantiates elements whose commission or omission must be demonstrated to have occurred in order to prove a case
polar method of forensic mapping
excellent choice for outdoor crime scenes. but not good choice for heavily forested areas or fields where crops or bushes are roughly more than waist high
strip
in the context of pie/wheel search pattern of crime scene, a variation of said method is usually executed after the division of the search area into pie-shaped sections
associative evidence
which of the following evidence is bidirectional in nature ?
investigators must evaluate information accurately and use sound judgement in making investigative decisions because
an arrest will incur economic and/or social costs for a person even if not convicted
panoramic camera
provides an unbroken, continuous view of the area that encircles it
zone search
requires a crime scene is divided into four large quadrants
1. briefing crime scene team members simultaneously 2. obtaining a search warrant
responsibilities of a senior investigator at a crime scene
identify the advantages of using digital video cameras to document a crime scene
1. they incorporate audio 2. they are better than still photography images
use sound judgement when collecting evidence
during a crime investigation, the rule of inclusiveness requires an investigator to
a supervisor
during a crime scene investigation, who is authorised to review and approve the incident report prepared by an investigative officer ?
1. equipment that was brought to the scene is retrieved 2. decides positions of the inner and outer perimeters of the scene of an offense
duty of crime scene coordinator
the cross-projection view
identify the sketching view that lays the walls to a room down so that object of interest in a wall can be mapped
presence of dangerous chemicals
in context of forensic services, identify a factor that shapes the initial plan for processing crime scenes
rectangular coordinate method
in forensic mapping, this is the bets to use with crime scenes having clear and specific boundaries
elimination print
in the context of applying inclusiveness, is useful in determining whether a latent fingerprint found at a crime scene belongs to the suspect
relevant locations
in the context of classifying crime scenes based on sized, a macroscopic scene of a crime includes