criminology ch 3

broken windows theory

crack down on minor offenses to reduce major crimes

classical theory often called

deterrence theory

why did beccarian's model of offending experience a rebirth in the 1960's?

due to scientific studies that showed that rehab programs had no impact on reducing recidvism

rational choice theory

explaining people's choices and behaviors emphasizes factors that go into decisions to engage or no engage in an act

what influence does an individual's behavior have those around the individual?

important variables in decisions to commit crime a strong support system (friends,family, and loved ones) influences whether or not they will engage in criminal activity

what increases the probability of becoming victims/offenders due to the type of lifestle they choose

lifestyle perspective

what does routine activities theory suggest?

motivated offenders is constant; other variables change -suitable targets: homes without fences -lack of capable guardian: absence of police/homeowner

what did the criminological studies in the late 1980'-mid 1900's discover?

official/formal sanctions have some effect on individiuals decisions to commit crime but they are unimportant compared to extralegal or informal factors

crime will decrease in situations when...

opportunities are limited costs are increased benefits are reduced

routine activities theory

presented by Cohen and Felson in 1979 three factors -motivated offender(s) -suitable target -lack of guardianship hese three factors=increase liklihood of recidivism referred as hot spots

what became the model of criminal offending became the modern framework of deterrence?

rational choice thorey

shaming strategies

shames the offender stigmatize labels

most important decision to go back to crime

the pleasure expected to get from offending

look over page 65

third paragraph

Lifestyles perspective

Risky lifestyles of offenders/victims

what are the two varieties of rational choice theory

-routine activities theory= one is built on emerging emphasis on vistimization situational choice thoery- an extension of the rational chouce persepective

Rational choice theory

Includes all traditional deterrence factors, but added: Informal factors (e.g., family, friends, employers) Benefits of the crime (e.g., payoff and pleasure/thrills of offending)

Routine activities theory

Likely opportunity for victimization, given three concepts: Motivated offender Attractive/suitable target Absence of guardianship

Various

Very similar propositions as routine activities theory, but emphasizes the risky behavior (such as hanging out at seedy bars) of offenders, as opposed to victims.

Cohen & Felson

Victimization/crime is much more likely to occur in places where the 3 elements converge in time and place, and that it is typically as individuals are going about their routine daily activities, such as going to school/work, hanging out, and so forth

Cornish & Clarke

adds extra concepts that go into individuals' decisions to engage in criminal activity; these added propositions are that the more people believe their loved ones look poorly on their behavior, the more likely be deterred; the more pleasure of the crime, the less deterred.

types of research

aggregate studies=collection of studies on a topic cross-sectional research= data collected at one point in time longitudinal studies = data collected over time scenario research or vignettes= hypothetica; scenarios

three-strikes-you're-out

assumes offender will make rational decisions becayse they will go to prison for life