Criminology Exam 3

relationship between mental illness and criminal offending

- if seeking mental help they are less likely to commit crimes - if not seeking mental help, depending on diagnosis, suffer from substance abuse, or are unhoused, they are more likely to act upon crime

relationship between mental illness and victimization

- more likely to be victimized and not be the offender due to vulnerability or diagnosis

define "age-crime curve"

-most people age out of crime the older they get -the older you are the less likely you are to act upon deviant behavior. - crimes increases between ages 16-20 (juvenile and young adult)

cultural deviance

crimes seen as unclean, unhealthy, or perverted receive more coverage: theft by someone on drugs vs theft by someone while sober or an 8- year old victim vs 30 year old victim

normative deviance

crimes that carry harsher punishments receive more coverage: felony vs misdemeanors

define ethnic groups

defined by cultural customs (religion, language, diet, etc.) and they see themselves as a group member

traits that make news, "newsworthy"

how much reporting is taken into account: -statistical deviance -status deviance -cultural deviance -normative deviance

public sphere model of mass media

ideal way, reposting on facts and bringing truth upon facts to inform people - doing public good goals: promote knowledge, education, positive social values

Statistical deviance

uncommon crimes receive more coverage than typical crimes: murder vs petty theft

status deviance

victims with a higher social status receive more coverage: rich white male victim vs poor black female victim

Identify whether street crimes or white-collar crimes cost the country more

white collar crime

define pathways perspective

women who have experienced trauma, health problems, low socioeconomic status, poor self-image, and self-efficacy lead to female offending

Identify the relationship between youth employment and delinquency

working over 20 hours or late night shift can cause stress factors which makes youth act upon deviant behaviors, not wanting to go home or see family can cause youth to work, also being associated with deviant influences - intensive work

deviant prostitution

(fall from grace) argument: moral failing, fault of women themselves Cause: individual promiscuity, low self control Policy: advocates for outright criminalization

Montos research- were his participants inclined towards violence? what were their motives for hiring prostitutes'?

-violence committed by the minority, they are not more inclined towards rape or violence -there isn't one specific thing that draws men to engage with prostitutes'

Identify which social class groups are most likely to be involved in crimes based on individuals' self-reports about their own behavior

Self Report: overall people engage in similar amounts of crime regardless of class statues, acts of crime are all different though

measurers of news worthiness:

Whether a story receives any coverage • Number of times covered • Placement of story (e.g., front page, first in program) • Length of story (e.g., number of words, amount of time spent)

involuntary prostitution

argument: could never be voluntary, socially physically and psychologically harmful, victims not criminals Causes: trauma, harsh lives, cultural repression, communalization of the female body (men have power and control women) policy: harsh punishments to customers and the workers, decriminalization

Voluntary Prostitution

argument: legitimate work, free will their choice to sex work, prostitution is inevitable Causes: economic forces as other kinds of work, cultural repression, sex needs not being met Policy: criminalization makes sex work more dangerous, should be legalized or decriminalized

integrative reform

calls to educated people of deviant individuals in order to gain compliance - want people to change for themselves

first generation immigration

child is foreign born

third generation immigration

child is us born with grandparents who are foreign born

second generation immigration

child is us born with one or both parents being foreign

which crime types are women more likely to engage in than men?

drug and substance abuse offenses

market model mass media

focus on capitalist goals, new making is a business, not so much for the public but mainly for shareholders goals: earing profit, selling products people want to consume

what current research indicates about the deterrent effect of the death penalty

general deterrence, death penalty equals bad behavior that reaches severe consequences - not significantly associated with the crime rates, meaning it doesn't scare people into not committing crime or makes people change

Define mental illness deinstitutionalization

going from treatment in large funded hospitals to using community out patient treatments. medication. -General hospitals, everyone can go there to receive help and the recourses they need to get them back out into the community -removing people from hospitals using community help and resources

define racial groups

grouping by physical differences, don't see themselves as apart of one single group

relationship between status and crime

micro- 1st generation is less likely to participate in crime than 2nd and 3rd gen, the higher the generation the more likely they are to act upon crime macro- higher immigration or immigration populated cities have lower crime rates than others

Coercive Reform

punishment of deviant behaviors through formal social control instructions (criminal justice- forcing them together)

identify relationship between race/ethnicity and crime

offenders: minority groups are disproportionately incarcerated (blacks, natives, and Hispanics) victims: minority groups are disproportionately victimized (blacks, natives, and Hispanics) - most crime is intra-racial

Identify which social class groups are most likely to be involved in crimes based on official data from law enforcement and corrections

official: lower socioeconomic and working class are involved in criminal justice more, all higher rates

moral entrepreneurs

people or groups lead movements for social change based of moral viewpoints to change views of deviance and norms - normalization, criminalization, medicalization

moral panics (type of moral entrepreneurs)

public fear about real or imagined behaviors of a group - concerned of behavior - hostility towards the group -consensus among segments or society as whole - disproportionately in relation to actual harm caused by behavior - volatility involves activity by moral entrepreneurs over a short period of time