CRJ 242 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE

The budgets for all three areas of the criminal justice system (police, courts, corrections) have increased dramatically**

True

The federal prison system and 47 states do random drug testing of inmates for drug use

True

The high volume of jail admissions and releases often results in mistakes

True

2nd-gen jails use a linear design for housing inmates

False

A crime that is punishable by less than 1 year of incarceration is a felony

False

A warden may directly instruct a correctional officer to carry out a function without passing the instruction through correctional supervisors**

False

Administrators, medical persons, and counselors make up 60% of prison staff

False

As many drug crimes were federalized, the federal prison population declined w/ less than 1/3 of all federal prison inmates serving sentences for drug offenses

False

Average length of stay in a jail in 30 months

False

Boot camps are gaining in popularity b/c they are less expensive to operate than other methods of incarceration

False

Community residential center placement rarely occurs after probationers are failing under their current supervision requirement

False

Corrections is more a manufacturing operation than about people managing correctional clients

False

Currently, the US public disagrees that confinement facilities are the most effective way to protect the public, punish criminals, and deter them from committing further crimes after release

False

Electronic monitoring is a criminal sanction, not a method of supervision

False

Federal courts have always been involved in correctional management issues

False

Good oral and written interpersonal skills aren't really necessary for a successful career as a correctional worker

False

Hearing procedures are the same in every state

False

In Maconochie's mark system, during the initial penal stage of incarceration inmates could begin to earn marks through work, program participation, good behavior **

False

In the US, the rate of imprisonment decreased by almost 20% between 1980-2009

False

Inmates consider jail sentences very "easy time" b/c there is so little to do

False

Male and female offenders have always been housed separately in the US, even in the earliest jails

False

Mentally ill offenders are generally deterred by typical punishment

False

Most states don't have unionized correctional work force

False

Most states require that the staff of private prisons be public employees, not employees of the company that owns the prison

False

Offenders are fingerprinted and booked into the jail before arrest

False

Recidivism is a legislative authorization to provide a specific range of punishment for a specific crime

False

SCOTUS still allows the executions of juvenile offenders who have committed very serious crimes

False

Telling prison staff what other inmates are doing is an element of the inmate code

False

The # of offenders on probation, in prison, and on parole has decreased significantly

False

The juvenile system was widely in place elsewhere when Illinois passed the Juvenile Court Act

False

The presentence investigation is not intended to assist courts in sentencing decisions

False

The warden is the elected official who oversees both policing activities within the county and the operation of the jail

False

Transitional employment programs provide subsidized work to current prisoners with close supervision, mentoring, and on-the-job training**

False

Under mandatory minimum sentences, the sentencing judge may impose a sentence of probation, asses a fine, or suspend the prison sentence as long as a reason is given

False

Split sentences have become more common over the past 2 decades thanks to "tough on crime" approach**

True

The % of elderly and juvenile offenders sentenced to adult prisons is increasing

True

The Prison Rape Elimination Act requires the collection of information on the incidence and prevalence of sexual assault within correctional facilities

True

All prisons have a rule against any type of sexual behavior between inmates

True

Almost 80% of the women in state prisons have "severe, long-standing substance abuse problems"

True

By 1944, all states had adopted the use of parole and indeterminate sentences

True

During a revocation hearing, a probationer may be represented by legal counsel and may have the opportunity to testify

True

Each year, jails admit about 5x more offenders as all other correctional components combines

True

For disciplinary processes, the inmate appeal cannot dispute a finding of fact, but is limited to procedural and due process rights

True

In recent years, a result of increasing surveillance/close monitoring of offenders, the number of probation violators has risen significantly

True

Integrity interviews are used to determine whether candidates for correctional employment have issues such as financial problems, past employment problems, current drug or alcohol abuse, or other conditions that could put them in a compromising situation or make them more likely to accept a bribe to show favored treatment to an inmate

True

It is important to provide drug treatment to offenders on probation

True

Jails have limited programs, such as education, substance abuse counseling, or work

True

Majority of prison population is comprised of minorities

True

Most prisons have a military chain of command

True

Nonincarceration sentences include economic sanctions, probation, intermediate sanctions

True

Open prison systems don't permit autonomous wardens who run their prisons as they desire and answer to no one

True

Parole offenders may waive the preliminary hearing and proceed to the full revocation hearing

True

Pretrial diversion programs are also referred to as "deferred prosecution" or "probation without adjudication"

True

Prison systems are predominately planned and administered around the management of male inmates

True

Prisons are designed and operational processes created specifically to hold young and physically active inmates

True

Shock probation is generally believed to be a low-cost and effective intermediate sanction for less serious felons

True

The makeup of the prison population is increasingly black and brown, as white offenders comprise a continually smaller proportion of the prison population

True

The nation's jails employ less than 1/2 as many staff members as state and federal prisons**

True

The role of prisons in the US CJS over the past several years has grown tremendously

True

There is currently little difference between procedural due process requirements of the juvenile and adult justice systems**

True