CRJ 242 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE
The budgets for all three areas of the criminal justice system (police, courts, corrections) have increased dramatically**
True
The federal prison system and 47 states do random drug testing of inmates for drug use
True
The high volume of jail admissions and releases often results in mistakes
True
2nd-gen jails use a linear design for housing inmates
False
A crime that is punishable by less than 1 year of incarceration is a felony
False
A warden may directly instruct a correctional officer to carry out a function without passing the instruction through correctional supervisors**
False
Administrators, medical persons, and counselors make up 60% of prison staff
False
As many drug crimes were federalized, the federal prison population declined w/ less than 1/3 of all federal prison inmates serving sentences for drug offenses
False
Average length of stay in a jail in 30 months
False
Boot camps are gaining in popularity b/c they are less expensive to operate than other methods of incarceration
False
Community residential center placement rarely occurs after probationers are failing under their current supervision requirement
False
Corrections is more a manufacturing operation than about people managing correctional clients
False
Currently, the US public disagrees that confinement facilities are the most effective way to protect the public, punish criminals, and deter them from committing further crimes after release
False
Electronic monitoring is a criminal sanction, not a method of supervision
False
Federal courts have always been involved in correctional management issues
False
Good oral and written interpersonal skills aren't really necessary for a successful career as a correctional worker
False
Hearing procedures are the same in every state
False
In Maconochie's mark system, during the initial penal stage of incarceration inmates could begin to earn marks through work, program participation, good behavior **
False
In the US, the rate of imprisonment decreased by almost 20% between 1980-2009
False
Inmates consider jail sentences very "easy time" b/c there is so little to do
False
Male and female offenders have always been housed separately in the US, even in the earliest jails
False
Mentally ill offenders are generally deterred by typical punishment
False
Most states don't have unionized correctional work force
False
Most states require that the staff of private prisons be public employees, not employees of the company that owns the prison
False
Offenders are fingerprinted and booked into the jail before arrest
False
Recidivism is a legislative authorization to provide a specific range of punishment for a specific crime
False
SCOTUS still allows the executions of juvenile offenders who have committed very serious crimes
False
Telling prison staff what other inmates are doing is an element of the inmate code
False
The # of offenders on probation, in prison, and on parole has decreased significantly
False
The juvenile system was widely in place elsewhere when Illinois passed the Juvenile Court Act
False
The presentence investigation is not intended to assist courts in sentencing decisions
False
The warden is the elected official who oversees both policing activities within the county and the operation of the jail
False
Transitional employment programs provide subsidized work to current prisoners with close supervision, mentoring, and on-the-job training**
False
Under mandatory minimum sentences, the sentencing judge may impose a sentence of probation, asses a fine, or suspend the prison sentence as long as a reason is given
False
Split sentences have become more common over the past 2 decades thanks to "tough on crime" approach**
True
The % of elderly and juvenile offenders sentenced to adult prisons is increasing
True
The Prison Rape Elimination Act requires the collection of information on the incidence and prevalence of sexual assault within correctional facilities
True
All prisons have a rule against any type of sexual behavior between inmates
True
Almost 80% of the women in state prisons have "severe, long-standing substance abuse problems"
True
By 1944, all states had adopted the use of parole and indeterminate sentences
True
During a revocation hearing, a probationer may be represented by legal counsel and may have the opportunity to testify
True
Each year, jails admit about 5x more offenders as all other correctional components combines
True
For disciplinary processes, the inmate appeal cannot dispute a finding of fact, but is limited to procedural and due process rights
True
In recent years, a result of increasing surveillance/close monitoring of offenders, the number of probation violators has risen significantly
True
Integrity interviews are used to determine whether candidates for correctional employment have issues such as financial problems, past employment problems, current drug or alcohol abuse, or other conditions that could put them in a compromising situation or make them more likely to accept a bribe to show favored treatment to an inmate
True
It is important to provide drug treatment to offenders on probation
True
Jails have limited programs, such as education, substance abuse counseling, or work
True
Majority of prison population is comprised of minorities
True
Most prisons have a military chain of command
True
Nonincarceration sentences include economic sanctions, probation, intermediate sanctions
True
Open prison systems don't permit autonomous wardens who run their prisons as they desire and answer to no one
True
Parole offenders may waive the preliminary hearing and proceed to the full revocation hearing
True
Pretrial diversion programs are also referred to as "deferred prosecution" or "probation without adjudication"
True
Prison systems are predominately planned and administered around the management of male inmates
True
Prisons are designed and operational processes created specifically to hold young and physically active inmates
True
Shock probation is generally believed to be a low-cost and effective intermediate sanction for less serious felons
True
The makeup of the prison population is increasingly black and brown, as white offenders comprise a continually smaller proportion of the prison population
True
The nation's jails employ less than 1/2 as many staff members as state and federal prisons**
True
The role of prisons in the US CJS over the past several years has grown tremendously
True
There is currently little difference between procedural due process requirements of the juvenile and adult justice systems**
True
