CRM110- CH. 1 & 2
In 2015, Albuquerque, N.M., with a population of 905,803, reported 7,179 violent criminal offenses. What was the violent crime rate?
793 violent offenses per 100,000 inhabitants
Why is it difficult to measure white-collar and corporate crime?
Much of the investigation and regulation of corporate and white-collar crime is not done by law enforcement.
This is designed to gather data on each criminal act even if several acts are committed within the same complex of behavior.
National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS)
Sutton breaks into a house when the owner is away and looks for valuable items to steal. However, he does not find anything worth taking and leaves. The owner returns later and does not notice anything amiss, nor even realize that the house was entered. How will Sutton's offense be recorded?
The offense will not be recorded; it is part of the dark figure of crime.
Most definitions of victim precipitation assert this.
The victim acted first during the course of the offense. + The victim instigated the commission of the offense.
According to Christie, which is not one of the six attributes typically associated with the idea of an innocent victim?
The victim and perpetrator know each other.
Which is not a reason that a victim would not report an offense?
The victim may have committed the offense.
This is the most extensive and useful measure of crime that is available.
Uniform Crime Reports
This social institution controls crime by detecting, detaining, adjudicating, and punishing and/or rehabilitating people who break the law.
criminal justice
One of the problems in attempting to measure crime is that all offenses are reported.
false
These offenses are punishable by more than a year in a state prison.
felonies
Children in this age range account for the highest percentage of child abuse and neglect victims.
from birth to age 3
This is the administration of a punishment or reward in accordance with morals that a given society considers correct.
justice
In this form of theft, an offender takes possessions that do not belong to him or her with the intent of keeping them.
larceny
According to the wedding-cake model of criminal justice, what does the bottom layer represent?
misdemeanors
This consists of the rules, habits, and customs a society uses to enforce conformity to its norms.
social control
C. Wright Mills urges the use of this to examine issues while removed from our social location.
sociological imagination
This kind of crime includes interpersonal violence and property crime.
street crime
This is the use or threat of violence against a state or other political entity in order to coerce.
terrorism
The advantage of the NIBRS over the UCR is that it allows law enforcement to precisely identify_____.
the characteristics of victims and perpetrators, when and where an offense takes place, & the form of an offense
For rape and sexual assault victims, the criminal justice process is often called this.
the second victimization
Which of the following is an important actor in a criminal offense?
the victim, the perpetrator, and the criminal justice system
Victimization surveys do not attempt to create a comprehensive account of criminal offenses.
true
This is the murder of three or more people in a single incident.
mass murder
Research has shown that children who are physically abused are at a greater risk for this.
mental illness, homelessness, & crime
This minor criminal offense is punishable by a fine and/or jail time for up to one year.
misdemeanor
Which choice best describes the sources of error in the Uniform Crime Reports?
unintentional and intentional
White-collar and corporate offenses are easy to measure using victimization surveys because people are usually aware that they have been victims of corruption or fraud.
false
The protection of this is an integral part of the functioning of law enforcement.
individual rights
In a high school class, a researcher hands out questionnaires that ask the students to identify any criminal offenses they have committed. Which term best describes this type of research?
self-report study
Why does the National Crime Victimization Survey not account for successfully completed drug transactions?
The buyers do not consider themselves crime victims.
How many offenses are never reported to police?
about half
To administer a legal process of judging and to pronounce a judgment.
adjudicate
After searching a suspect who matches a description of a robber and finding a loaded handgun, Officer Cerezo handcuffs the suspect, reads him his rights, and drives him to the station to be placed in a holding cell. Which term best describes this activity?
arrest
According to the wedding-cake model of criminal justice, what does the top layer represent?
celebrated cases
These are offenses committed by a corporation's officers who pursue illegal activity in the corporation's name.
corporate crime
Which part of the crime picture do the UCR, self-report studies, and victimization studies tend to miss?
corporate crime, organized crime, & drug sales
Many offenses that enter the system are systematically excluded for several reasons, which include the following:
cost, discretion, & errors (all of the above)
This is an action taken by a person or a group of people that violates the rules of society to the point that someone is harmed or society's interests are harmed.
crime
This criminal justice model describes the expectation of an efficient criminal justice system.
crime control model
What is the number of Crime Index offenses divided by the population of an area called?
crime rate
This is a state or federal institution that confines people convicted of crime who are serving sentences for longer than a year.
prison
The suspension of all or part of a sentence subject to certain conditions and supervision in the community.
probation
Which is a logistical obstacle to measuring crime effectively and efficiently?
problems of definition, resources, & politics
How does the FBI currently classify arson?
property crime
These offenses include drug use, disturbing the peace, drunkenness, prostitution, and some forms of gambling.
public-order crime
The taking or attempting to take anything of value from the care, custody, or control of a person or persons by force or threat of force or violence and/or by putting the victim in fear.
robbery
In society, which of the following dictates what is acceptable and what is punishable?
rules, laws, & folkways
Criminologists use this term to refer to instances wherein a victim plays an active role in initiating conflict.
victim precipitation
After the trial of James Holmes, who opened fire on an Aurora, Colorado, movie theater in July 2012, about 100 family members of the victims spoke in court about how the crime affected them. Which term best relates to this activity?
victim-impact statement
Deborah's cell phone is stolen from her bag. Later, a census taker interviews her about the incident. Which term best describes this type of research?
victimization survey
Behaviors that are deemed undesirable because they offend community standards rather than directly harm people or property.
victimless crime
How does the FBI classify murder and non-negligent manslaughter, rape, robbery, and aggravated assault?
violent crimes
This criminal offense is committed during the course of business for financial gain.
white-collar crime
This annual FBI publication uses data from participating U.S. law enforcement agencies to summarize the incidence and rate of reported crime.
Uniform Crime Reports (UCR)
Police officers, prosecutors, judges, and corrections officials use this to decide what happens to individual cases.
discretion
This criminal justice model describes the expectation of a just and fair criminal justice system.
due process model
Someday, criminologists will discover the dark figure of crime.
false
The categories the UCR uses to conceptualize types of crime reflect the actual criminal statutes in each jurisdiction.
false
There are several excellent and extensive means of measuring crime other than the Uniform Crime Reports.
false
Although the UCR provides a reasonably good picture of crime, it does not tell the whole crime story.
true
Criminologist Benjamin Mendelsohn believed that most victims had an unconscious attitude that led to their victimization.
true
Once a criminal offense has been committed, the criminal justice system sets the victim aside, and the prosecutor acts in the name of society rather than the victim.
true
One method for trying to understand the level of unreported crime is victimization surveys.
true
Self-report studies are not filtered through criminal justice system agencies.
true
