CSD 277 Final Study Guide
What percentage of people in the US stutter?
1%
Apraxia often co-occurs with
Aphasia
Due to damage to cerebellum... Incoordination, Dysmetria and Tremors are characteristics of
Ataxic Dysarthria
When sounds are presented through loudspeakers (can be done as young as 3-6 months of age)
BOA: Behavioral Observation Audiometry
Children become aware of their speech disfluencies in this stage of stuttering
Beginning
What type of hearing aid is needed for single sided deafness and doesn't require an electrode?
A Bone-anchored HA
This type of HA is used for severe to profound sensori-neural hearing loss
Cochlear implant
When does hearing loss occur?
Cogenital Pre-lingual Post-lingual
Test used to train a child to respond to a tone by using a game technique
Conditioned Play Audiomerty
What is the difference between a hearing aid and a cochlear implant?
Hearing aids acoustically amplify speech Cochlear implants convert speech info into electrical signals (voltage) - more direct
Laryngeal muscles that are responsible for elevating and lowering the larynx in the neck during respiration phonation, and swallowing.
Extrinsic Laryngeal Muscles
Tobacco smoking, alcohol, smokeless tobacco, GERD and Casual mechanisms are all risk factors for _____________ cancer.
Laryngeal
If a child doesn't know which sounds are contrastive and which are not and doesn't know kinds of positional constraints and sequential constraints placed on various speech sounds he has a ________ disorder
Phonology
Consonants are classified as:
Place Manner Voicing
Rules of language governing of how language is used in social situations
Pragmatics
Which of the following components is unique to a digital hearing aid?
Processor
Surgical excision of entire cartilaginous larynx occurs during a
Total Laryngectomy
Majority of adults with hearing loss (HL), who could benefit from hearing aids (HA's) do not purchase them.
True
Hyperkinetic Dysarthria symptoms
Variable muscle tone involuntary movements
A retention collar separates that part which is inserted into the esophagus from that which is in the trachea.
Voice Prosthesis
Threshold:
Softest sound one can hear at a given frequency 50% of the time.
Major function of the Larynx
Sphincteric muscular organ designed for the protection of the airway AND voice for human communication
What type of articulation error is a child making when her says "wed" instead of "red"
Substitution
Factors influencing speechreading
Talker Message Environment Speechreader
Processors, Tone control, output controls and Telecoil are all additional features of:
digital hearing aids
Dysarthia is a disorder of
motor execution
Dysarthria is a communication disorder that disrupts this phase of oral communication
motor execution
Flaccid Dysarthria symptoms
muscle weakness Atrophy Hypotonicity
The most commonly used artificial larynx or electrolarynx is the ____ type device.
neck
Acquired stuttering occurs from a ____________ or ___________ event.
neurogenic or psychogenic
fluency disorder characterized by breakdowns at the word or phrase level, poor cohesion and coherence in expressing thoughts and organizing sentences, and a fast, spurty speaking rate.
cluttering
Motor Speech Disorders are caused by
cogenital: Down syndrome, cerebral palsy and fragile x syndrome Aqcuired: stroke, parkinsons disease, amyotrophic later sclerosis, TBI, surgical trauma
Apraxia of speech is characterized by
a disturbance in motor planning or programming of sequential movements of volitional speech production
Dysarthia is
a neurologic motor speech disorder that is characterized by slow, weak, imprecise, and/or uncoordinated movements of the speech musculture
All disfluencies are/are not stuttering
are not
AOS affects
articulation
If a child has difficulty with movements of the articulators, coordination of air support and timing of phonation he has a _______ disorder
articulation
A symptom of Laryngeal cancer
hoarseness of 2 or more weeks
Spastic Dysarthria symptoms
increased muscle tone weakness reduced speed & range of motion hyperreflexia
American Sign Language:
is a language all of its own
Hoarseness >3 weeks: glottic lesions is a symptom of
laryngeal cancer
This set of intrinsic laryngeal muscles adduct (close) the vocal folds:
lateral cricoarytenoid/Thyroarytenoid
The fact that /p/, /d/, /k/ are stop sounds refers to their:
manner of articulation
A well established fact about stuttering
many more males than females stutter
This set of intrinsic laryngeal muscles abduct (open) the vocal chords
posterior cricoarytenoid
Function of the True Vocal Fold Sphincter
protects the airway during swallowing and major vibratory source for voice
The core features of stuttering include
repetitions prolongations blockages
escape features, avoidance behaviors and emotional reactions are all _______________ features of stuttering
secondary features
Speech is made up of
sounds and articulators
structural, genetic and hearing loss are all causes of
speech disorders
specific issues that occur with hearing loss
speech production vocabulary
A disorder of fluency characterized by certain types of dysfluencies, excessive amounts of dysfluency in general, or excessive durations of dysfluencies
stuttering
What is not generally affected following a total laryngectomy?
swallowing
Rules of language governing of how words can be ordered to form sentences
syntax
The power source for hearing aids is
the battery
What two structures are separated during a total laryngectomy?
the trachea and the esophagus
What is the purpose of Otoacoustic Emissions (OAE)
to evaluate condition of inner ear-outer hair cells
what is the purpose of Immitance Audiometry
to evaluate the middle ear
What is the purpose of an Auditory Brainstem Response Test?
to test the inner ear and auditory pathways
Which of the following is not used to describe who we produce consonant sounds of english?
tongue height
Vowels are classified as:
tongue height/jaw height tongue placement (front, central, back) tension (tense or lax)
smell and taste are affected after undergoing a
total laryngectomy
Resonance, Phonation and Respiration are component parts of
voice
Results of the infant's speech perception experiments summarized by Hedge in the beginning of chapter 5 suggest infants
Can be taught to discriminate speech that are and are not used in their language
Stuttering begins between the ages of
2 and 5
What percentage of adults with HL use HA's?
22%
Laryngeal cancer affects men ___ times more frequently than women in the US
4
What is the average length of time from diagnosis and intervention of hearing losses?
7 years
What percentage of children who stutter stop with or without intervention?
75%
what percent of deaf children are born to hearing parents?
90%
A patient with Apraxia of speech following a left hemisphere stroke is very likely to also have:
Broca's Aphasia
speech contains a high rate of stoppages that disrupt the flow of communication and are inappropriate for the speaker's age, culture, linguistic background, and dialect
Fluency Disorder
What assessment establishes a threshold for specific frequencies, quantifies amount of hearing loss, and is recorded on an audiogram?
Pure tone testing
These systems make up speech production
Respiratory Articulatory Phonatory Resonatory
Hypokinetic Dysarthria symptoms
Rigidity Tremor Bradykinesia
The person with a total Laryngectomy breathes through a hole in the neck called a
Stoma
Unilateral weakness of lower face or tongue and damage to motor cortex or pathways to lower motor neurons
Unilateral upper motor neuron
True or False: Children do not LEARN to talk by the time by BEGIN to talk
TRUE
What type of articulation error is a child making when he says "top" instead of "stop"?
omission
Effortful speech (slow rate) is a characteristic of
Apraxia of Speech and Dysarthia
Who is affected more by stuttering? boys or girls..
Boys
Speech behaviors that disrupt the forward flow of speech, pauses, interjections, and revisions are
Disfluencies
/r/ and /l/ sounds as in the words "red" and "lose" would be classified as:
Glides
