CSD 277 Final Study Guide

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What percentage of people in the US stutter?

1%

Apraxia often co-occurs with

Aphasia

Due to damage to cerebellum... Incoordination, Dysmetria and Tremors are characteristics of

Ataxic Dysarthria

When sounds are presented through loudspeakers (can be done as young as 3-6 months of age)

BOA: Behavioral Observation Audiometry

Children become aware of their speech disfluencies in this stage of stuttering

Beginning

What type of hearing aid is needed for single sided deafness and doesn't require an electrode?

A Bone-anchored HA

This type of HA is used for severe to profound sensori-neural hearing loss

Cochlear implant

When does hearing loss occur?

Cogenital Pre-lingual Post-lingual

Test used to train a child to respond to a tone by using a game technique

Conditioned Play Audiomerty

What is the difference between a hearing aid and a cochlear implant?

Hearing aids acoustically amplify speech Cochlear implants convert speech info into electrical signals (voltage) - more direct

Laryngeal muscles that are responsible for elevating and lowering the larynx in the neck during respiration phonation, and swallowing.

Extrinsic Laryngeal Muscles

Tobacco smoking, alcohol, smokeless tobacco, GERD and Casual mechanisms are all risk factors for _____________ cancer.

Laryngeal

If a child doesn't know which sounds are contrastive and which are not and doesn't know kinds of positional constraints and sequential constraints placed on various speech sounds he has a ________ disorder

Phonology

Consonants are classified as:

Place Manner Voicing

Rules of language governing of how language is used in social situations

Pragmatics

Which of the following components is unique to a digital hearing aid?

Processor

Surgical excision of entire cartilaginous larynx occurs during a

Total Laryngectomy

Majority of adults with hearing loss (HL), who could benefit from hearing aids (HA's) do not purchase them.

True

Hyperkinetic Dysarthria symptoms

Variable muscle tone involuntary movements

A retention collar separates that part which is inserted into the esophagus from that which is in the trachea.

Voice Prosthesis

Threshold:

Softest sound one can hear at a given frequency 50% of the time.

Major function of the Larynx

Sphincteric muscular organ designed for the protection of the airway AND voice for human communication

What type of articulation error is a child making when her says "wed" instead of "red"

Substitution

Factors influencing speechreading

Talker Message Environment Speechreader

Processors, Tone control, output controls and Telecoil are all additional features of:

digital hearing aids

Dysarthia is a disorder of

motor execution

Dysarthria is a communication disorder that disrupts this phase of oral communication

motor execution

Flaccid Dysarthria symptoms

muscle weakness Atrophy Hypotonicity

The most commonly used artificial larynx or electrolarynx is the ____ type device.

neck

Acquired stuttering occurs from a ____________ or ___________ event.

neurogenic or psychogenic

fluency disorder characterized by breakdowns at the word or phrase level, poor cohesion and coherence in expressing thoughts and organizing sentences, and a fast, spurty speaking rate.

cluttering

Motor Speech Disorders are caused by

cogenital: Down syndrome, cerebral palsy and fragile x syndrome Aqcuired: stroke, parkinsons disease, amyotrophic later sclerosis, TBI, surgical trauma

Apraxia of speech is characterized by

a disturbance in motor planning or programming of sequential movements of volitional speech production

Dysarthia is

a neurologic motor speech disorder that is characterized by slow, weak, imprecise, and/or uncoordinated movements of the speech musculture

All disfluencies are/are not stuttering

are not

AOS affects

articulation

If a child has difficulty with movements of the articulators, coordination of air support and timing of phonation he has a _______ disorder

articulation

A symptom of Laryngeal cancer

hoarseness of 2 or more weeks

Spastic Dysarthria symptoms

increased muscle tone weakness reduced speed & range of motion hyperreflexia

American Sign Language:

is a language all of its own

Hoarseness >3 weeks: glottic lesions is a symptom of

laryngeal cancer

This set of intrinsic laryngeal muscles adduct (close) the vocal folds:

lateral cricoarytenoid/Thyroarytenoid

The fact that /p/, /d/, /k/ are stop sounds refers to their:

manner of articulation

A well established fact about stuttering

many more males than females stutter

This set of intrinsic laryngeal muscles abduct (open) the vocal chords

posterior cricoarytenoid

Function of the True Vocal Fold Sphincter

protects the airway during swallowing and major vibratory source for voice

The core features of stuttering include

repetitions prolongations blockages

escape features, avoidance behaviors and emotional reactions are all _______________ features of stuttering

secondary features

Speech is made up of

sounds and articulators

structural, genetic and hearing loss are all causes of

speech disorders

specific issues that occur with hearing loss

speech production vocabulary

A disorder of fluency characterized by certain types of dysfluencies, excessive amounts of dysfluency in general, or excessive durations of dysfluencies

stuttering

What is not generally affected following a total laryngectomy?

swallowing

Rules of language governing of how words can be ordered to form sentences

syntax

The power source for hearing aids is

the battery

What two structures are separated during a total laryngectomy?

the trachea and the esophagus

What is the purpose of Otoacoustic Emissions (OAE)

to evaluate condition of inner ear-outer hair cells

what is the purpose of Immitance Audiometry

to evaluate the middle ear

What is the purpose of an Auditory Brainstem Response Test?

to test the inner ear and auditory pathways

Which of the following is not used to describe who we produce consonant sounds of english?

tongue height

Vowels are classified as:

tongue height/jaw height tongue placement (front, central, back) tension (tense or lax)

smell and taste are affected after undergoing a

total laryngectomy

Resonance, Phonation and Respiration are component parts of

voice

Results of the infant's speech perception experiments summarized by Hedge in the beginning of chapter 5 suggest infants

Can be taught to discriminate speech that are and are not used in their language

Stuttering begins between the ages of

2 and 5

What percentage of adults with HL use HA's?

22%

Laryngeal cancer affects men ___ times more frequently than women in the US

4

What is the average length of time from diagnosis and intervention of hearing losses?

7 years

What percentage of children who stutter stop with or without intervention?

75%

what percent of deaf children are born to hearing parents?

90%

A patient with Apraxia of speech following a left hemisphere stroke is very likely to also have:

Broca's Aphasia

speech contains a high rate of stoppages that disrupt the flow of communication and are inappropriate for the speaker's age, culture, linguistic background, and dialect

Fluency Disorder

What assessment establishes a threshold for specific frequencies, quantifies amount of hearing loss, and is recorded on an audiogram?

Pure tone testing

These systems make up speech production

Respiratory Articulatory Phonatory Resonatory

Hypokinetic Dysarthria symptoms

Rigidity Tremor Bradykinesia

The person with a total Laryngectomy breathes through a hole in the neck called a

Stoma

Unilateral weakness of lower face or tongue and damage to motor cortex or pathways to lower motor neurons

Unilateral upper motor neuron

True or False: Children do not LEARN to talk by the time by BEGIN to talk

TRUE

What type of articulation error is a child making when he says "top" instead of "stop"?

omission

Effortful speech (slow rate) is a characteristic of

Apraxia of Speech and Dysarthia

Who is affected more by stuttering? boys or girls..

Boys

Speech behaviors that disrupt the forward flow of speech, pauses, interjections, and revisions are

Disfluencies

/r/ and /l/ sounds as in the words "red" and "lose" would be classified as:

Glides


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