CSD 425 All Quizzes
The Transfer-Appropriate Processing (TAP) theory states that... a. Benefits from auditory training are more likely when the same task is used during both training and assessment b. Benefits from auditory training are related to the fact that training reduces patient's anxiety c. Benefits from auditory training are easily generalized from the trained task to other domains
Benefits from auditory training are more likely when the same task is used during both training and assessment
T/F: Alerting devices use amplified sound, light and/or vibrations to make the individual with hearing loss aware of an event ocurring in her/his auditory envirionement
True
T/F: Children with hearing loss are at risk of struggling with socio-emotional development and having lower levels of self-perceived social acceptance than their peers with typical hearing. For that reason, the school is responsible for providing support in this area of development to these children.
True
T/F: If the IEP states that a child with hearing loss must use an assistive listening device in the school setting, the school district must provide it at no cost to the child's family.
True
T/F: In general, hearing assistance technology improve access to speech in noisy environments for individuals with hearing loss
True
T/F: Otitis media and conductive hearing loss are usually chronic in children with Down Syndrome
True
The ASHA position on Auditory Integration Therapy (AIT) states that... a. AIT should only be used for research purposes b. AIT should be used clinically c. AIT should never be used
a
The main difference between mainstreaming and inclusive classrooms is... a. Mainstreaming implies that the child with hearing loss has to adapt to the classroom whereas inclusion implies that the class has to adapt to the child b. Mainstreaming implies that the classroom has to adapt to the child with hearing loss whereas inclusion implies that the child has to adapt to the classroom c. Mainstreaming and inclusion are the same
a
What is true about hearing loss in children... a. Behavioral and learning styles can be mistaken with attention disorders b. It rarely occurs in children with Down syndrome c. It easy to test in children with additional disabilities
a
Which of the following is NOT true about Auditory Intergration Therapies a. They are not used anymore today b. They use music filtered as a treatment c. They were "invented" by Dr. Guy Berard d. Assume that a completely flat audiogram is desirable clinically
a
Which of the following is true about children with minimal hearing loss a. They are at risk of failing at least one school grade b. They show very similar learning profiles (e.g., they all tend to struggle academically) c. Their performance on speech perception in noise task is equivalent to their peers with normal hearing
a
Which of the following statements is NOT true... a. All children with hearing loss receive an IEP b. Only children with hearing loss experiencing speech and language difficulties will likely receive an IEP c. IEPs include description of the child's needs as well as goals and objectives
a
An Aural Rehabilitation Intervention strategy in the school setting may cover the following areas...(mark all that apply) a. amplification and assistive devices b. classroom acoustics c. speech, language, and literacy d. reevaluation of communication mode
a, b, c
In children with bilateral minimal hearing loss which of the following scenarios seems to be preferable when fitting a RM system... a. fitting the child with the RM system bilaterally b. fitting the child with the RM system monaurally c. RM systems should be avoided in children with minimal hearing loss
b
One possible limitation associatied with RM system use in the home is... a. The child does not need to rely on visual cues to communicate b. The child hears speech that is disruptive c. The child has more opportunities to practice listening to speech in noise
b
What is TRUE about bilingual children with hearing loss a. They maintain the home language at a similar pace as their bilingual peers with normal hearing b. Clinicians report that they encounter many children that have not developed language skills at an old age c. Variability in outcomes is larger than in their monolingual peers with hearing loss
b
When a study does not present conflicting information with the treatment proposed we can see that as a sign of... a. It does not really matter as long as the study is well conducted b. Red flag (problematic for the effectiveness of the treatment) c. Green flag (supports the effectiveness of the treatment)
b
When reading an article that presents a new treatment for children we generally want to see.... a. That the authors explain clearly what other populations of children could benefit from the treatment b. That the research questions, hypotheses, analyses, and results are related to one another c. Many self-citations d. Complicated statistical analyses
b
Which of the following factors might be problematic for children with hearing loss even when they perform at an age-appropriate level academically a. language development b. listening effort and fatigue c. failing a school grade
b
Which of the following is TRUE about CROS hearing aids... a. They are the best option for unilateral hearing losses b. They are not recommendee unless the child is able to avoid situations in which noise is reaching the hearing aid transmitter (e.g., bad ear) They are recommended for bilateral hearing losses
b
Some possible benefits of computer-based auditory training are...(mark all that apply) a. It shows exceptional patient compliance b. Training difficulty can vary adaptively c. Costs may be less than labor-intensive clinician-based training d. Instruction is self-paced
b, c, d
According to the article by Sokhadze et.al., Autisim is defined as a pervasive developmental disorder characterized by deficits in ____ (Select all that apply). a. Walking b. Social Interaction c. Language d. Selective Listening e. Restricted Range of Interest
b, c, e
The most prevalent form of cytomegalovirus in newborns is... a. symptomatic b. asymptomatic
asymptomatic
AIT, which stand for _____, is used to reduce sound sensitivity and related auditory problems for children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.
auditory integration training
Hearing loss can be in some cases underlying behaviors that are associated with... a. learning disabilities b. attention disorders c. neurodevelopmental disorder
b
One possible strategy to foster spoken language development in bilingual or multilingual children with hearing loss is... a. Using only one language to communicate with the child b. Making sure sign language is part of the child's toolkit c. Supporting the home language
c
The two most prevalent conditions that co-occur with hearing loss are...
intellectual and learning disabilities
There is enough evidence to suggest that the theory that most likely explain cognitive decline in adults with hearing loss is... a. Cognitive Load Theory b. Change in Brain Structure c. Common Cause Theory d. Reduced Socialization e. None of the above. The most likely scenario is that they all interact with one another to explain cognitive decline in adults with hearing loss
none of the above
Variability/Heterogeneity in language outcomes in multilingual children with hearing loss is ________ monolingual children with hearing loss
similar to
T/F: According to the article, abnormal cortical processing of auditory stimuli is one of the core deficits in autism.
true
T/F: Assessing quality of life in our patients with hearing loss is an important aspect of aural rehabilitation
true
T/F: Auditory training is supposed to trigger neuronal changes in the central auditory system leading participants to increase their speech perception
true
T/F: Children with additional disabilities are more likely to experience delays in hearing loss identification and intervention than children with no additional disabilities
true
T/F: Children with hearing loss and multiple disabilities are more likely than their typically developing peers to require physiologic hearing testing (e.g., ABRs) to define the type and degree of hearing loss
true
T/F: Children with minimal hearing loss are at risk of poor psychosocial outcomes, including dysfunction in the classroom setting and low-self esteem.
true
T/F: IDEA states that the school is responsible for ensuring that children with hearing loss wear appropriate amplification throughout the school day
true
T/F: Research is clear, there is a strong correlation between hearing loss and cognitive functions in the elderly. That is, sensory function is a strong predictor of cognitive function late in life
true
T/F: The researchers hypothesize a possible cause for the variability in the MMN responses could have been caused by a range of IQ difference in the participants.
true
T/F: Uncorrected hearing loss in the adult population affects the person's participation in social interactions which leads to social isolation
true
What percentage of children with Down Syndrome have hearing loss?
~80%
From the results of the surveys, it was found that there was a significant _______ in challenging behaviors from the participants.
decrease
Assistive Technologies for sound enhancement include...(mark all that apply) a. Television amplification b. Closed captioning c. Telephone amplifiers d. Lesson capture devices e. All of the above
e
T/F: Auditory and communication skills learned through perceptual training (a.k.a auditory training) always generalize to day-to-day listening environments
false
T/F: Auditory training is an effective treatment for cognitive decline in adults with hearing loss
false
T/F: Due to the wide variability of results, the authors discussed that there were no future studies that needed to be conducted on the population.
false
T/F: English language learners with hearing loss (i.e., children that speak a language other than English at home) are estimated to constitute less than 5% of the school-aged children in the United States
false
T/F: Evidence-based practices are well-established when working with multilingual children with HL
false
T/F: ITDs and ILDs are preserved in RM systems
false
T/F: In the school setting, the school's SLP is the professional in charge of making all decisions regarding intervention and services received by children with hearing loss
false
T/F: Minimal hearing loss usually means inconsequential effects on communication and academic outcomes
false
T/F: Most children with minimal hearing loss receive hearing amplification at an early age
false
T/F: Remote microphone systems should be recommended only for children with hearing loss
false
T/F: Research is clear, there is strong evidence to support that hearing loss causes cognitive decline in the elderly.
false
T/F: The majority of the adult population with hearing loss use hearing aids in a consistent basis
false
T/F: There is clear evidence supporting that untreated hearing loss causes cognitive decline and dementia in the elderly
false
T/F: There is strong evidence showing that multilingualism has a negative impact on children's spoken language development, including children with hearing loss
false
T/F: There is strong evidence to support that Central Auditory Processing Disorder is a unique and distinct clinical disorder
false
Technology that might be beneficial for children with mild bilateral hearing loss include
hearing aids & RM systems
A patient comes to your clinic complaining about difficulties listening in busy environments. You conduct an audiometry and obtain normal results in both ears. What's the most likely cause of the patient's listening difficulties? a. Hidden Hearing Loss b. Nothing. It's probably a subjective experience c. Auditory Processing Disorder (APD)
hidden hearing loss
When using a holistic approach in aural rehabilitation with adults we often have to... a. Simply focus on providing the best audibility possible via hearing devices b. Adjust patients' expectations related to benefits provided by the technology c. "Tell" the patient how to use the hearing device
Adjust patients' expectations related to benefits provided by the technology
Which of the following is NOT considered an auditory training technique... a. Sentence-based Training b. Phone-based Training c. Congitive Skill-Based Training d. Music-based Training e. Auditory Integration Training f. Word-based Training
Auditory Integration training
Which of the following statements would be true assuming that there is a common cause for hearing loss and cognitive decline in the elderly... a. Hearing aids would not provide much benefit to patients with dementia b. Cognitive decline would exacerbate the negative consequences of hearing loss on communication c. Early detection of hearing loss would not be that important given that these patients will experience cognitive decline regardless of their hearing status
Cognitive decline would exacerbate the negative consequences of hearing loss on communication
The four main aspects we need to address in a holistic approach to aural rehabilitation with adults are...
Function, activity, participation, and quality of life
Which of the following statements is TRUE... a. Individuals with high degrees of hearing loss are at a lower risk of cognitive decline and dementia than those with low degrees of hearing loss b. Hearing aid could prevent cognitive decline in adults with hearing loss c. Hearing aid fitting reverts cognitive decline in adults with dementia who have hearing loss
Hearing aid could prevent cognitive decline in adults with hearing loss
Which of the following statements is TRUE... a. Individuals with high degrees of hearing loss are at a lower risk of cognitive decline and dementia than those with low degrees of hearing loss b. Monoaural hearing aid fitting seem to provide good outcomes in adults with bilateral hearing loss c. Hearing aids seem to minimize symptoms of cognitive decline in the elderly
Hearing aids seem to minimize symptoms of cognitive decline in the elderly
Technology that might be beneficial for children with unilateral hearing loss include
Hearing aids, RM systems, and CROS hearing aids
Does auditory rehabilitation improve outcomes in adults with hearing loss? a. Yes, it always improves outcomes b. No, it barely makes a difference in people's lives c. It depends on how and in which domains of auditory rehabilitation we define "improvement"
It depends on how and in which domains of auditory rehabilitation we define "improvement"
What's one possible downside of a holsitic approach in auditory rehabilitation? a. It tends to diminish the quality of the sensory management aspect of rehabilitation b. There are no opportunities to minimize its costs which ends up leaving minorities unserved c. It's costly, therefore its efficiency is not maximized
It's costly, therefore its efficiency is not maximized
What's TRUE about hearing loss in adults a. Affects only the person with hearing loss b. People with hearing loss are usually not aware of how hearing loss is affecting their well-being c. It's only problematic in cases with high degress of hearing loss (e.g., moderate to profound hearing loss)
People with hearing loss are usually not aware of how hearing loss is affecting their well-being
Presbycusis is characterized by... a. Conductive hearing loss high frequency hearing loss b. Sensorineural low-frequency hearing loss c. Conductive hearing loss low frequency hearing loss d. Sensorineural high frequency hearing loss
Sensorineural high frequency hearing loss
One important skill that audiologists need to acquire beyond evaluating hearing loss and fitting hearing devices is... a. Understanding psychosocial issues surrounding acquired hearing loss b. Treating psychological or emotional disturbances (e.g., depression) associated with hearing loss c. Conducting cochlear implant surgery
Understanding psychosocial issues surrounding acquired hearing loss
Not providing classroom accomodations oriented to maximize the signal-to-noise ratio for the child with hearing loss might... a. Increase the child's listening effort and fatigue b. Not have any consquences if the child is already used to it c. Be benefitial for the development of speech-in-noise skills (i.e., the child has to practice listening in noise)
a
One difference between DM and FM systems is... a. DM do not require specific programming channels (interference is not a problem) b. FM system' audio signals are digitized c. FM systems work with hearing aids while DM systems work with cochlear implants
a
In children with bilateral minimal hearing loss, hearing aids might be detrimental when...(mark all that apply) a. the child is overamplified before perceiving any benefit from the amplification b. the hearing aid's circuit noise overides the amplification provided c. the child has normal language development d. RM systems are used simultaneously
a and b
Personal systems that can be used in the classroom to improve the speech-to-noise ratio to the student with hearing loss or auditory attention deficits include... a. Frequency-modulated (FM) systems b. Digital modulation (DM) systems c. Soundfield systems d. Classroom audio distributor systems
a and b
The limitations of the study were ____ (Select all that apply). a. no placebo control group b. behavior difference in the children c. reported only mean values of results
a and c
Which of the following are signs of a pseudotherapy (mark all that apply) a. Concepts and theory do not align with prior knowledge b. Evidence relies primarily on large scale studies c. It is announced as effective for a variety of disabilities d. There are many contradictory findings
a and c
In which of the following cases cochlear implants could be benefitial for a child with auditory neuropathy...(mark all that apply) a. auditory nerve synaptic lesion b. auditory nerve post synaptic lesion c. auditory nerve absence d. auditory nerve pre-synaptic lesion
a and d
Which of the following is true about cytomegalovirus (CMV) and hearing loss (mark all that apply) a. Progressive hearing loss is common b. When hearing loss is diagnosed there is always some additional disability present c. hearing loss is only present in symptomatic cases d. Profound hearing losses are rare e. CMV is the leading cause of non-genetic sensorineural hearing loss
a and e
In which of the following components should audologists focus when providing aural rehabilitation to adults? a. Sensory management (e.g., hearing amplification management) b. Instruction on how to use the technology and control the listening environment c. Perceptual training to improve speech perception and communication (e.g., auditory training) d. Counseling to enhance participation and deal with emotional costs of hearing loss e. Provide clinical/psychological therapy when adults with hearing loss are depressed
a, b, c, d
Some helpful strategies that teachers can use to overcome the negative effects of noise in the classroom include...(mark all that apply) a. encourage all students to minimize noise b. using visual aids c. avoid group discussions because noise levels are likely to increase d. facing students when talking and avoid covering one's mouth e. ensuring that the child with hearing loss has preferential seating f. elevate the voice as much as possible when noise is present
a, b, d, e
Factors that explain language variability in multilingual children with hearing loss include...(mark all that apply) *Note that here we are referring to children who use two or more spoken languages. a. Language and literacy skills in each language of family members b. Age of exposure to each language c. Whether or not they use sign-language d. Language/s of literacy e. Age of amplification f. Degree of hearing loss
a, b, d, e, f
Minimal hearing loss is an umbrella term used to capture which of the following hearing loss profiles...(mark all that apply). Note: assume air-bone gaps within 10dB in all hearing profiles a. Unilateral sensorineural hearing loss b. High-frequency sensorineural hearing loss: Air-conduction thresholds >25 dBH at two or more frequencies above 2kHz in one or both ears c. Conductive hearing loss bilaterally d. Low-frequency sensorineural hearing loss: Air-conduction thresholds >25 dBH at two or more frequencies below 1kHz in one or both ears e. Bilateral sensorineural hearing loss with average pure tone thresholds between 20 and 40dB in both ears
a, b, e
In the school setting, the SLP may perform any of the following functions when providing services to children with hearing loss...(mark all that apply) a. Maintain active communication with other professionals and parents b. Provide Auditory Verbal Therapy c. Evaluate speech and language performance d. Provide clinical counseling to families e. Evaluate literacy skills f. Perform visual inspection and listening checks of amplification devices
a, c, e, f
Some strategies to minimize the level of noise and reverberation in the classroom setting include...(mark all that apply) a. Removing the hearing device when the noise is bothering the child b. Installing carpeting on the floor c. Hanging acoustical panels on the classroom's walls
b & c
Connecting hearing aids/cochlear implants to the FM/DM system can be accomplished in which of the following ways...(mark all that apply) a. neck loop receiver b. audio shoe/boot c. integrated FM/DM system
b and c
Which of the following syndromes are associated with visual impairment AND hearing loss? (mark all that apply) a. Down syndrome b. Usher syndrome c. FragileX syndrome d. Charge syndrome
b and d
Based on the evidence, which of the following interventions should be recommended for children diagnosed with a. Central Auditory Processing Disorder? b. Computer-based auditory training Hearing aids c. Environmental Modifications (e.g., reducing noise in the classroom)
c
In children with single-sided deafness cochlear implants seem to provide best outcomes when... a. children lose their hearing before learning to talk b. children are implanted after five years of age c. children are implanted quickly after the onset of hearing loss
c
What's TRUE about hearing evaluation and intervention in children with multiple disabilities... a. Behavioral hearing assessments are too difficult to perform to even try b. Hearing aid fitting should be performed only when all the audiological information is available c. Audiological testing can be performed in the operating room while the child is having surgery to treat other conditions
c
Which of the following is NOT true about audiological management in children with minimal hearing loss... a. Some of them might benefit from just acoustic environment modification (e.g., preferential seating) b. Management should be provided on a case-by-cases basis c. Monitoring the child progress is important d. It is pretty straightforward to figure out which children need amplification and which children do not
d
Data on the benefits of music training on auditory skills of individuals with hearing loss are... a. Conclusive. Music training benefits auditory skills b. Inconclusive c. Conclusive. Music training does not provide any benefits
inconclusive
Based on systematic reviews and meta-analyses of the benefits of computerized auditory training, it seems like gains in speech recognition are...
modest
Which of the following training targets bottom-up processing... a. Sentence-based training b. Cognitive-Based Training c. Phoneme-based training
phoneme-based training
In Auditory Neuropathy diagnosis OAEs are _______ while ABRs are _______
present; absent
FM/DM systems include a microphone, a signal transmission modality, and a....
receiver
Which of the following areas of development does not seem to be particularly problematic for children with minimal hearing loss... a. psychosocial b. listening in noise c. academic outcomes d. speech and language
speech and language
Which technology CANNOT be used with an FM/DM device...
television
The primary goal of auditory training is... a. to eliminate the need for hearing aid fitting in adults with hearing loss b. to revert cognitive decline associated to hearing loss c. to develop patient's ability to recognize speech
to develop patient's ability to recognize speech
The primary goal of auditory training is... a. to develop patient's ability to recognize speech in variety of listening scenarios b. to revert cognitive decline associated to hearing loss c. to eliminate the need for hearing aid fitting in adults with hearing loss
to develop patient's ability to recognize speech in variety of listening scenarios