Cultural Anthropology: Final (Previous Test Questions)
Ann Dunham is a famous applied anthropologist who also is the mother of a person who is very much in the public eye. Who is her world-recognized child?
A. Barack Obama
The position that the values and standards of cultures differ and deserve respect.
A. Cultural Relativism
Americans eating German food and celebrating Oktoberfest for fun.
A. Diffusion
Mexicans voluntarily celebrate Halloween in addition to the Day of the Dead because both are fun for children.
A. Diffusion
The "Pizza Effect" discussed in class.
A. Diffusion
The spread of chocolate and vanilla from Mexico to the rest of the world.
A. Diffusion
Which of the following would clearly violate the AAA Code of Ethics?
A. During fieldwork, an anthropologist participates on a raid on another group and kills a person from the host culture in the conflict in an act of self-defense.
The all-encompassing, systematic study of the whole of the human condition.
A. Holistic Perspective
The genus and species of humans,
A. Homo sapiens
Which of the following is false?
A. If you observe that people in England are different from people in the U.S. because they drive on the left side of the street, you are clearly being ethnocentric in your views.
Which of the following is a prosimian?
A. Lemur
Which of the following is NOT a sub discipline in General Anthropology?
A. Medical Anthropology
What does NAGPRA stand for?
A. The Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act
Which of the following is TRUE.
A. The first Indian Boarding School was opened in Pennsylvania.
Gatherer-Hunters
A. foragers only
The !Kung
A. foragers only
The Netsilik.
A. foragers only
They are considered a Paleolithic people.
A. foragers only
They do not domesticate.
A. foragers only
They practice the earliest human adaptive strategy.
A. foragers only
They represent the universal past human way of life from approximately 200,000 BP until the Neolithic.
A. foragers only
A non-kin based group that is found in a tribe and spans several villages.
A. pantribal society
Acculturation is
A. the exchange of cultural traits between different cultures.
What does IPR stand for?
B. "Intellectual Property Rights"
Which of the following is NOT an example of assimilation?
B. A Hispanic family enrolls their children in Irish step dance because they enjoy the music and costumes that are used.
Which of the following means to give humans like qualities to things which are in fact, not human?
B. Anthropomorphize
Which of the following is FALSE?
B. Ethnology requires the anthropologist to immerse themselves in another culture for an extended period of time in order to understand what it is like to be a member of the other culture
Members of the evolutionary line leading to and including modern humans, as distinct from chimps and gorillas.
B. Hominins
Which of the following is false?
B. Human brain size and number of teeth have both increased significantly in recent evolution.
The development of Pyramids in Egypt and Mesoamerica at different places and times with no contact between the cultures.
B. Independent Invention
The term used to designate the period when domestication is first present in a culture.
B. Neolithic
An organism's evident traits, its manifest biology.
B. Phenotype
Afghanistan
B. agriculturalists only
Also called intensive farming.
B. agriculturalists only
Bali
B. agriculturalists only
Taiwan
B. agriculturalists only
When factory workers produce for their employer's profit and feel little pride or sense of identification with the products they create, often performing one step and not the entire production from beginning to end.
B. alienation
Which is another term for horticulture?
B. slash and burn cultivation
A form of pastoralism in which part of the population moves seasonally with the herds while the other part remains in home villages.
B. transhumance
Which of the following techniques was NOT used to assimilate Native American children in the boarding schools?
C. Children were forced to take classes and write in their native language.
The social process by which culture is learned and transmitted across the generations.
C. Enculturation
Which of the following is FALSE?
C. Humans developing the ability to produce more melanin in environments with intense sunlight is an example of cultural adaption.
Members of the taxonomic order which includes humans, apes, monkeys, and prosimians.
C. Primates
The study of relationships between social and linguistic variation, study of language in its social context.
C. Sociolinguistics
Linked associations between 2 or more variables so that a change in one affects the other.
C. correlates
The Maya
C. horticulturalists only
The Melanesians
C. horticulturalists only
They have fallow periods
C. horticulturalists only
They practice slash and burn cultivation.
C. horticulturalists only
Competitive feasting among Native Americans on the north Pacific coast of North America.
C. potlatch
Social status that people have little or not choice about occupying and cannot be changed.
D. Ascribed
The time-oriented perspective in Anthropology.
D. Diachronic Perspective
A set of processes, including diffusion, migration, and acculturation, that promote change in today's interlinked world.
D. Globalization
Members of the zoological family that includes humans, chimps, and gorillas.
D. Hominids
Which of the following would be a clear example of ethnocentrism?
D. Judging people from other cultures who have more than one spouse, as primitive and immoral.
Netsilik means:
D. People of the Seal
The ethnographer puts their personal feelings and reactions to fieldwork in their writing publications.
D. Reflective ethnography
Which of the following is an example of diffusion?
D. The latest style craze in the U.S. is African tribal jewelry with millions of people purchasing and wearing items with designs from Kenya and Cameroon.
Basic unit of social organization among foragers.
D. band
Also known as herding.
D. pastoralist only
The Basseri
D. pastoralist only
The Nuer
D. pastoralist only
The Sherpas
D. pastoralist only
They rely primarily on domesticated animals for subsistence.
D. pastoralist only
"Anthro-" means human and "Ethno-" means culture.
True
Agricultural Anthropology was presented as an example of Applied Archaeology in the video 'Anthropologists at Work.'
True
All cultural anthropologists are both ethnographers and ethnologists.
True
As a result of NAGPRA, a judge ruled that Jim Thorpe's physical remains must be returned to his family and tribe for burial.
True
Business Anthropology is the fastest growing applied specialization in Cultural Anthropology, but Medical Anthropology is the largest.
True
Culture is unique to the human species, but society is not because other animals have societies.
True
Cultures are not homogeneous.
True
Diffusion is the voluntary borrowing of cultural traits between cultures.
True
Domestication is an example of Independent Invention.
True
Dr. Warner's belief that disease is caused by pathogens while she was conducting fieldwork with the Q'eqchi' peoples, is an example of an etic point of view.
True
Edward B. Tylor defined anthropology as the "science of culture."
True
Ethnic cleansing can be accomplished through genocide, forced displacement, and ethnocide.
True
Ethnographic fieldwork is a lengthy process because it requires the anthropologist to learn the language of the people they are studying, establish rapport, and conduct hypothesis-oriented research through a holistic perspective.
True
Foraging was the universal past way of life for humans, until the Neolithic.
True
Franz Boas is considered to be the "father" of American Anthropology.
True
Horticulture and Agriculture are both types of Cultivation.
True
Humans are primates.
True
In the U.S., all archaeologists are anthropologists.
True
In the video 'In the White Man's Image,' the boarding school system of the United States government had the explicit goal of committing ethnocide against Native American peoples.
True
Napoleon Changnon used hallucinogenic drugs during fieldwork to establish rapport and be seen as more human to the Yanomamo.
True
Pastoralism and cultivation are two types of domestication.
True
The !Kung have the greatest cultural continuity of any cultural group on the planet, tracing their culture as far back as 20,000 BP.
True
The Anthropological Code of Ethics puts the well-being and safety of the people that the anthropologist works with above all other ethical concerns.
True
The Netsilik are a culture within the Inuit.
True
The human species (Homo sapiens) first evolved around 200,000 BP.
True
Today, all modern foragers live in nation-states and depend to some extent on government assistance.
True
USAID efforts directly enhance American global security and prosperity.
True
Policies and practices that harm a group and its members.
F. Discrimination
When a child learns the difference between right and wrong from their parents and other family members.
F. Enculturation
The theoretical, comparative study of society and culture, compares cultures in time and space.
F. Ethnology
What was Chagnon's nickname given by the Yanomamo?
F. The man called bee
Form of sociopolitical organization intermediate between the tribe and the state.
F. chiefdom
They are Neolithic.
F. horticulture, agriculture, and pastoralism
They practice domestication.
F. horticulture, agriculture, and pastoralism
Which of the following is an example of the etic perspective?
F. the anthropologist's belief that time progresses in a linear manner
!Kung men contribute most of the food to their groups, through hunting (more than 85%).
False
A belief in linear time is a cultural universal.
False
A generalized cultural trait is found in all cultures, whereas particular traits are unique to a single culture.
False
Anthropologists collect life histories in order to make generalizations about a culture.
False
Anthropologists refer to the people they study as informants, subjects, and consultants.
False
Anthropomorphize means to have a "love" of humankind and to practice charity.
False
As seen in 'Anthropologist's at Work,' USAID is a program developed in business anthropology to study the relationships between corporations, workers, and managers.
False
Biological Anthropology is the largest sub discipline in General Anthropology.
False
By 1932, over 75% of all Native American children were in Indian boarding schools.
False
Cultural Resource Management is an applied specialization in Cultural Anthropology.
False
Cultural anthropologist do both formal and informal interviewing to collect ethnographic data, but not serving as that is a method used exclusively by sociologists.
False
Culture is genetically inherited from one's parents.
False
Culture is shared by all members of the order Primates.
False
Culture was first defined in Anthropology by Franz Boas.
False
Development Anthropologists work exclusively for NGOs, because working for a government agency would bias them in their efforts to help other cultures.
False
Dr. Warner's Fulbright-supported ethnographic research was conducted with the Yanomamo of Guatemala.
False
During the Paleolithic, humans domesticated plants, but not animals.
False
During the Upper Paleolithic, the human population greatly decreased because there was insufficient food and not enough land to feed everyone.
False
Ethnocentrism always results in genocide and ethnocide because it has no positive function or purpose.
False
Ethnography interprets, analyzes, and compares the results of ethnology and is used to formulate and test hypotheses.
False
For the Q'eqchi', red is a color associated with everything good, healthy, and beneficial.
False
For the sake of scientific accuracy, ethnographers maintain impersonal relationships with their informants at all times.
False
Foragers no longer exist in our modern world.
False
Forensic Anthropology and Contract Archaeology are examples of applied Archaeological Anthropology.
False
Forensic Anthropology has the main goal of reconstructing past human behavior through the material remains of a culture.
False
Historically, agriculture came before horticulture.
False
Humans have been practicing domestication for over 100,000 years as an adaption to the Ice Age climate.
False
Ideal culture refers to what people actually do.
False
In anthropology, science and culture are interchangeable concepts.
False
In foraging cultures such as the !Kung, men domesticate animals and women gather plants.
False
In the film "The Arrival", the aliens introduced a virus that caused humans to travel in time.
False
Indigenous is a term that refers to the most recent, or newest inhabitants of a region.
False
Informed consent is only required if you are studying people from your own culture.
False
Linguistic Anthropology, Development Anthropology, Business Anthropology, and Urban Anthropology are all specializations in the sub discipline of Cultural Anthropology.
False
Malinowski's ethnographic research hypothesis focused on the issue of male violence in Yanomamo culture.
False
NAGPRA established the rights of European immigrants to practice their religion and speak their languages in the United States.
False
Napoleon Chagnon (How Cultures are Studied) maintained distanced, impersonal relationships with all of his informants.
False
People's thoughts, beliefs, and ideas are examples of material culture.
False
Rapport is an optional field method for cultural anthropologist when conducting fieldwork.
False
Salvage Anthropology was first proposed by Edward B. Tylor.
False
Sapien means human, whereas homo means wise.
False
The Anthropological Code of Ethics does not require anthropologists to obtain informed consent from their informants because if their informants knew their true motives, they may not want to give the anthropologist truthful information about their culture.
False
The Indian Removal Act called for genocide against all Native Americans west of the Mississippi River.
False
The Institutional Review Board does requires that all research be secretly conducted (without people knowing that they are being studied), to ensure scientific accuracy.
False
The Melanesians earth-dive as a ritual to ensure victory in warfare.
False
The Q'eqchi' believe that illness is caused by sin and time moves in a linear manner.
False
The San are a distinct culture within the !Kung.
False
The Yanomamo belief that the soul is in the bones, as observed by Napoleon Chagnon, is an example of the etic perspective.
False
The anthropologist working for GM in the film 'Anthropologist's at Work' specialized in Development Anthropology, establishing automotive factories in remote, underdeveloped regions of the world.
False
The development of greater lung capacity at high elevations over time in human populations is an example of cultural adaption.
False
The earliest Neolithic period occurred in Europe around 40,000 BP.
False
The earliest Neolithic period occurred in the Mesoamerica approximately 20,000 BP.
False
The end of the last ice age meant more land and food were available to humans because sea levels fell.
False
The first animal domesticated was the cow.
False
The first plant domesticated was corn.
False
The funding by USAID goes first and foremost to those nations that are most impoverished and most in need in the world today.
False
Today, 1/4 of the global population has an urban way of life.
False
Tomatoes were first domesticated in Italy and potatoes in Ireland, and then diffused from Europe to the Americas.
False
USAID is the United States Association for Increasing Development
False
Map Question
LOCATED ON ACTUAL TEST
Which of the following statements is true about American Anthropology?
E. American Anthropology was first developed under Franz Boas at Columbia University.
Which of the following is TRUE about culture?
E. Culture is learned through the process of enculturation.
If Canadians were to invade and claim Pennsylvania for themselves, and after a prolonged war, march all of the U.S. survivors into New York State and then build a wall to keep the Pennsylvania refugees from returning.
E. Ethnic Cleansing
The Indian Removal Act (The Trail of Tears).
E. Ethnic Cleansing
The attempt to kill all of the members of the Yahi Culture in California by European-American settlers who paid hunters to kill and scalp them as evidence of their deaths.
E. Ethnic Cleansing
Where did Bronislaw Malinowski conduct fieldwork?
E. The Trobriand Islands
They cultivate plants.
E. both horticulture and agriculture only
Small-scale agriculturalists living in a state, with rent fund obligations.
E. peasants
Complex sociopolitical systems that administer a territory and populace with formal leaders and substantial contrasts in wealth, prestige, and power.
E. states
