cumulative anatomy final

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sarcomere

Contractile unit of muscle

ligament

bone to bone

somatic sensory pathway end

brain

somatic motor beginning and end

brain, skeletal muscle

pons

brainstem nuclei, respiratory muscles (rhythm), sensory and motor tracts

medulla oblongata

brainstem nuclei, vital centers for control of respiratory rate (speed) and cardiac function (force of contraction), sensory and motor tracts, coughing, sneezing, gagging, vomiting

what is a nerve

bundle of axons in PNS

how does the pectoral girdle articulate with axial skeleton

do not articulate

meninges layers

dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater

3 primary germ layers

ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm

3 layers of the integument

epidermis, dermis, hypodermis

posterior above elbow movement

extension at elbow

anterior above knee

extension at knee

posterior below elbow

extension at wrist

superficial

external

ceruminous glands

external ear, secretes cerumen (ear wax)

bones of the lower limb

femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges

intervertebral discs type of tissue

fibrocartilage

anterior above elbow movement

flexion at elbow

anterior below elbow

flexion at wrist

compact bone anatomy

formed from osteons, osteocytes, canaliculi, lamellae, central canal, perforating canal

diarthroses joint movement

freely moving

five lobes of cerebral cortex

frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, insula

distal

further away from the trunk

passageway of cerebral spinal fluid through the ventricles of the brain

lateral>interventricular foramen>third>cerebral aqueduct>fourth

sagittal plane

left and right

peritoneum membrane

lines abdominopelvic cavity

histological characteristics of skeletal muscle

long, cylindrical, striated, parallel, multinucleated, voluntary

mammary glands

modified sweat glands, produces milk

ventral root of spinal cord

motor

gray matter

motor neuron and interneuron cell bodies, dendrites, terminal arborization and myelinated axons

tendon

muscle to bone

white matter

myelinated axons

two cell types found in nervous tissue

neuron and neuroglia

syntharoses joint movement

no movement

spongy bone anatomy

no osteons, traneculae, canaliculi, has osteocytes with lacunae lamellae

terminal nerves of lumbar plexus

obturator and femoral

what allows for articulation between the lower limb and axial skeleton

sacrum of pelvis

terminal nerves of sacral plexus

sciatic, tibial, common fibular

sebaceous glands

secretes sebum into hair follicle

merocrine sweat glands

secretes water and electrolytes

dorsal root of spinal cord

sensory

amphiarthroses joint movement

slight movement

apocrine sweat glands

sticky, cloudy, odorous secretions

skeletal muscle characteristics

striated, voluntary, multinucleated, long and branched

parietal serous membranes

superficial to visceral

transverse plane

superior and inferior

neuroglia

supporting cells

pericardium mebrane

surrounds heart

pleural membrane

surrounds lungs

anterior pituitary hormones

thyroid stimulating, prolactin, adrenocorticotropic, growth, follicle stimulating, luteinizing, melanocyte stimulating

dorsal

toward the back side

ventral

toward the belly

medial

toward the midline

how many pairs of ribs

12 (1-7 true, 8-12 false, 11-12 floating)

how many neurons are used in the somatic motor pathway

2 neurons

how many neurons are used in the autonomic motor pathway

2 neurons, PNS

how many neurons are used in the somatic sensory pathway

3 neurons

structure of an embryo

3 primary germ layers

cerebellum

balance, equilibrium, skilled movement

posterior above knee

abduction at hip

contractile proteins of sarcomere

actin, myosin

what type of joint is vertebral colum

amohiarthroses

front/coronal plane

anterior and posterior

hypothalamus

autonomic control (efferent control of HR, BP, digestion), endocrine, body temperature, emotions/behavioral drive (aggression, fear, contentment, sex, hunger, thirst)

lateral

away from the midline

deep

away from the surface

connective tissue characteristics

cellular, extra cellular matrix

epithelial tissue characteristics

cellularity, apical surface, avascular, basement membrane

2 ways embryonic disc will fold

cephalocaudal (head and butt), transverse (trunk and torso)

four major regions of the brain

cerebrum, cerebellum, diencephalon, brainstem

regions of vertebral column

cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccyx

bones of pectoral girdle

clavicle and scapula

inferior

closer to the feet

superior

closer to the head

proximal

closer to the trunk

ganglion

collection of nerve cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system

neuron

conducts impulses, nerve cell

four tissue types in the body

connective, epithelial, muscle, and nervous

corpus callosum

connects hemispheres of the brain

visceral serous membrane

covers viscera

dorsal cavity

cranial and spinal

bones of upper limb

humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges

bones of the pelvic girdle

ilium, ischium, pubis

posterior

in back of

anterior

in front of

how are the vertebrae separated from each other

intervertebral discs

posterior below knee

inversion, dorsiflexion

cardiac muscle characteristics

involuntary contraction and relaxation pump blood in heart

smooth muscle characteristics

involuntary movements and motion, moves material through internal organs, spindle shape, single nucleas

structures of a typical multipolar neuron

one axon, many dendrites

posterior pituitary hormone

oxytocin, antidiuretic hormone

parathyroid gland hormone

parathyroid hormone

how does humerus articulate with axial skeleton

pectoral girdle

anterior below knee

plantar flexion

terminal nerves of brachial plexus

radial, ulnar, median, musculocutaneous, axillary

thalamus

relay center for AP traveling afferently

ventral cavity

thoracic and abdominopelvic

bones of thoracic cage

thoracic vertebrae, ribs, sternum

thyroid gland hormones

thyroid hormone, calcitonin


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