cumulative anatomy final
sarcomere
Contractile unit of muscle
ligament
bone to bone
somatic sensory pathway end
brain
somatic motor beginning and end
brain, skeletal muscle
pons
brainstem nuclei, respiratory muscles (rhythm), sensory and motor tracts
medulla oblongata
brainstem nuclei, vital centers for control of respiratory rate (speed) and cardiac function (force of contraction), sensory and motor tracts, coughing, sneezing, gagging, vomiting
what is a nerve
bundle of axons in PNS
how does the pectoral girdle articulate with axial skeleton
do not articulate
meninges layers
dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater
3 primary germ layers
ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm
3 layers of the integument
epidermis, dermis, hypodermis
posterior above elbow movement
extension at elbow
anterior above knee
extension at knee
posterior below elbow
extension at wrist
superficial
external
ceruminous glands
external ear, secretes cerumen (ear wax)
bones of the lower limb
femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges
intervertebral discs type of tissue
fibrocartilage
anterior above elbow movement
flexion at elbow
anterior below elbow
flexion at wrist
compact bone anatomy
formed from osteons, osteocytes, canaliculi, lamellae, central canal, perforating canal
diarthroses joint movement
freely moving
five lobes of cerebral cortex
frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, insula
distal
further away from the trunk
passageway of cerebral spinal fluid through the ventricles of the brain
lateral>interventricular foramen>third>cerebral aqueduct>fourth
sagittal plane
left and right
peritoneum membrane
lines abdominopelvic cavity
histological characteristics of skeletal muscle
long, cylindrical, striated, parallel, multinucleated, voluntary
mammary glands
modified sweat glands, produces milk
ventral root of spinal cord
motor
gray matter
motor neuron and interneuron cell bodies, dendrites, terminal arborization and myelinated axons
tendon
muscle to bone
white matter
myelinated axons
two cell types found in nervous tissue
neuron and neuroglia
syntharoses joint movement
no movement
spongy bone anatomy
no osteons, traneculae, canaliculi, has osteocytes with lacunae lamellae
terminal nerves of lumbar plexus
obturator and femoral
what allows for articulation between the lower limb and axial skeleton
sacrum of pelvis
terminal nerves of sacral plexus
sciatic, tibial, common fibular
sebaceous glands
secretes sebum into hair follicle
merocrine sweat glands
secretes water and electrolytes
dorsal root of spinal cord
sensory
amphiarthroses joint movement
slight movement
apocrine sweat glands
sticky, cloudy, odorous secretions
skeletal muscle characteristics
striated, voluntary, multinucleated, long and branched
parietal serous membranes
superficial to visceral
transverse plane
superior and inferior
neuroglia
supporting cells
pericardium mebrane
surrounds heart
pleural membrane
surrounds lungs
anterior pituitary hormones
thyroid stimulating, prolactin, adrenocorticotropic, growth, follicle stimulating, luteinizing, melanocyte stimulating
dorsal
toward the back side
ventral
toward the belly
medial
toward the midline
how many pairs of ribs
12 (1-7 true, 8-12 false, 11-12 floating)
how many neurons are used in the somatic motor pathway
2 neurons
how many neurons are used in the autonomic motor pathway
2 neurons, PNS
how many neurons are used in the somatic sensory pathway
3 neurons
structure of an embryo
3 primary germ layers
cerebellum
balance, equilibrium, skilled movement
posterior above knee
abduction at hip
contractile proteins of sarcomere
actin, myosin
what type of joint is vertebral colum
amohiarthroses
front/coronal plane
anterior and posterior
hypothalamus
autonomic control (efferent control of HR, BP, digestion), endocrine, body temperature, emotions/behavioral drive (aggression, fear, contentment, sex, hunger, thirst)
lateral
away from the midline
deep
away from the surface
connective tissue characteristics
cellular, extra cellular matrix
epithelial tissue characteristics
cellularity, apical surface, avascular, basement membrane
2 ways embryonic disc will fold
cephalocaudal (head and butt), transverse (trunk and torso)
four major regions of the brain
cerebrum, cerebellum, diencephalon, brainstem
regions of vertebral column
cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccyx
bones of pectoral girdle
clavicle and scapula
inferior
closer to the feet
superior
closer to the head
proximal
closer to the trunk
ganglion
collection of nerve cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system
neuron
conducts impulses, nerve cell
four tissue types in the body
connective, epithelial, muscle, and nervous
corpus callosum
connects hemispheres of the brain
visceral serous membrane
covers viscera
dorsal cavity
cranial and spinal
bones of upper limb
humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges
bones of the pelvic girdle
ilium, ischium, pubis
posterior
in back of
anterior
in front of
how are the vertebrae separated from each other
intervertebral discs
posterior below knee
inversion, dorsiflexion
cardiac muscle characteristics
involuntary contraction and relaxation pump blood in heart
smooth muscle characteristics
involuntary movements and motion, moves material through internal organs, spindle shape, single nucleas
structures of a typical multipolar neuron
one axon, many dendrites
posterior pituitary hormone
oxytocin, antidiuretic hormone
parathyroid gland hormone
parathyroid hormone
how does humerus articulate with axial skeleton
pectoral girdle
anterior below knee
plantar flexion
terminal nerves of brachial plexus
radial, ulnar, median, musculocutaneous, axillary
thalamus
relay center for AP traveling afferently
ventral cavity
thoracic and abdominopelvic
bones of thoracic cage
thoracic vertebrae, ribs, sternum
thyroid gland hormones
thyroid hormone, calcitonin
