CYS 467 Final

Which type of packet is unable to be filtered by an outbound ACL?

router-generated packet Traffic that originates within a router such as pings from a command prompt, remote access from a router to another device, or routing updates are not affected by outbound access lists. The traffic must flow through the router in order for the router to apply the ACEs.

A company is concerned with leaked and stolen corporate data on hard copies. Which data loss mitigation technique could help with this situation?

shredding Confidential data should be shredded when no longer required. Otherwise, a thief could retrieve discarded reports and gain valuable information.

Which type of firewall makes use of a server to connect to destination devices on behalf of clients?

proxy firewall An application gateway firewall, also called a proxy firewall, filters information at Layers 3, 4, 5, and 7 of the OSI model. It uses a proxy server to connect to remote servers on behalf of clients. Remote servers will see only a connection from the proxy server, not from the individual clients.

What would be the primary reason an attacker would launch a MAC address overflow attack?

so that the attacker can see frames that are destined for other hosts

What is typically used to create a security trap in the data center facility?

IDs, biometrics, and two access doors Security traps provide access to the data halls where data center data is stored. As shown in the figure below, a security trap is similar to an air lock. A person must first enter the security trap using their badge ID proximity card. After the person is inside the security trap, facial recognition, fingerprints, or other biometric verifications are used to open the second door. The user must repeat the process to exit the data hall.

Which two options are security best practices that help mitigate BYOD risks? (Choose two.)

Keep the device OS and software updated. Only turn on Wi-Fi when using the wireless network. Many companies now support employees and visitors attaching and using wireless devices that connect to and use the corporate wireless network. This practice is known as a bring-your-own-device policy or BYOD. Commonly, BYOD security practices are included in the security policy. Some best practices that mitigate BYOD risks include the following: Use unique passwords for each device and account. Turn off Wi-Fi and Bluetooth connectivity when not being used. Only connect to trusted networks. Keep the device OS and other software updated. Backup any data stored on the device. Subscribe to a device locator service with a remote wipe feature.Provide antivirus software for approved BYODs. Use Mobile Device Management (MDM) software that allows IT teams to track the device and implement security settings and software controls.

A researcher is comparing the differences between a stateless firewall and a proxy firewall. Which two additional layers of the OSI model are inspected by a proxy firewall? (Choose two.)

Layer 3 Layer 4 Packet filtering firewalls are usually part of a router firewall, which permits or denies traffic based on Layer 3 and Layer 4 information. They are stateless firewalls that use a simple policy table look-up that filters traffic based on specific criteria.

How does a Caesar cipher work on a message?

Letters of the message are replaced by another letter that is a set number of places away in the alphabet.

Which algorithm can ensure data integrity?

MD5 Data integrity guarantees that the message was not altered in transit. Integrity is ensured by implementing either of the Secure Hash Algorithms (SHA-2 or SHA-3). The MD5 message digest algorithm is still widely in use.

What are two hashing algorithms used with IPsec AH to guarantee authenticity? (Choose two.)

MD5 SHA The IPsec framework uses various protocols and algorithms to provide data confidentiality, data integrity, authentication, and secure key exchange. Two popular algorithms used to ensure that data is not intercepted and modified (data integrity and authenticity) are MD5 and SHA.

What network testing tool can be used to identify network layer protocols running on a host?

Nmap

What are two methods to maintain certificate revocation status? (Choose two.)

OCSP CRL A digital certificate might need to be revoked if its key is compromised or it is no longer needed. The certificate revocation list (CRL) and Online Certificate Status Protocol (OCSP), are two common methods to check a certificate revocation status.

Traffic from the LAN and DMZ can access the Internet. ASA devices have security levels assigned to each interface that are not part of a configured ACL. These security levels allow traffic from more secure interfaces, such as security level 100, to access less secure interfaces, such as level 0. By default, they allow traffic from more secure interfaces (higher security level) to access less secure interfaces (lower security level). Traffic from the less secure interfaces is blocked from accessing more secure interfaces.

Refer to the exhibit. Based on the security levels of the interfaces on ASA1, what traffic will be allowed on the interfaces?

Frames from PC1 will cause the interface to shut down immediately, and a log entry will be made. Manual configuration of the single allowed MAC address has been entered for port fa0/12. PC1 has a different MAC address and when attached will cause the port to shut down (the default action), a log message to be automatically created, and the violation counter to increment. The default action of shutdown is recommended because the restrict option might fail if an attack is underway.

Refer to the exhibit. Port security has been configured on the Fa 0/12 interface of switch S1. What action will occur when PC1 is attached to switch S1 with the applied configuration?

MAC and IP address spoofing To protect against MAC and IP address spoofing, apply the IP Source Guard security feature, using the ip verify source command, on untrusted ports.

Refer to the exhibit. The ip verify source command is applied on untrusted interfaces. Which type of attack is mitigated by using this configuration?​

Which measure can a security analyst take to perform effective security monitoring against network traffic encrypted by SSL technology?

Require remote access connections through IPsec VPN.

An administrator discovers that a user is accessing a newly established website that may be detrimental to company security. What action should the administrator take first in terms of the security policy?

Revise the AUP immediately and get all users to sign the updated AUP.

An administrator is trying to develop a BYOD security policy for employees that are bringing a wide range of devices to connect to the company network. Which three objectives must the BYOD security policy address? (Choose three.)

Rights and activities permitted on the corporate network must be defined. The level of access of employees when connecting to the corporate network must be defined. Safeguards must be put in place for any personal device being compromised.

What are two disadvantages of using an IDS? (Choose two.)

The IDS does not stop malicious traffic. The IDS requires other devices to respond to attacks. The disadvantage of operating with mirrored traffic is that the IDS cannot stop malicious single-packet attacks from reaching the target before responding to the attack. Also, an IDS often requires assistance from other networking devices, such as routers and firewalls, to respond to an attack. An advantage of an IDS is that by working offline using mirrored traffic, it has no impact on traffic flow.

Refer to the exhibit. A network administrator configures AAA authentication on R1. Which statement describes the effect of the keyword single-connection in the configuration?

The authentication performance is enhanced by keeping the connection to the TACACS+ server open. The single-connection keyword enhances TCP performance with TACACS+ by maintaining a single TCP connection for the life of the session. Without the single-connection keyword, a TCP connection is opened and closed per session.

How does a firewall handle traffic when it is originating from the private network and traveling to the DMZ network?

The traffic is selectively permitted and inspected. With a three interface firewall design that has internal, external, and DMZ connections, typical configurations include the following: - Traffic originating from DMZ destined for the internal network is normally blocked. - Traffic originating from the DMZ destined for external networks is typically permitted based on what services are being used in the DMZ. - Traffic originating from the internal network destined from the DMZ is normally inspected and allowed to return. - Traffic originating from external networks (the public network) is typically allowed in the DMZ only for specific services.

Refer to the exhibit. Which two conclusions can be drawn from the syslog message that was generated by the router? (Choose two.)

This message indicates that service timestamps have been configured. This message is a level 5 notification message. The message is a level 5 notification message as shown in the %LINEPROTO-5 section of the output. Messages reporting the link status are common and do not require replacing the interface or reconfiguring the interface. The date and time displayed at the beginning of the message indicates that service timestamps have been configured on the router.

What is a characteristic of a DMZ zone?

Traffic originating from the outside network going to the DMZ network is selectively permitted. The characteristics of a DMZ zone are as follows:​ Traffic originating from the inside network going to the DMZ network is permitted.​Traffic originating from the outside network going to the DMZ network is selectively permitted. Traffic originating from the DMZ network going to the inside network is denied.

How does a firewall handle traffic when it is originating from the public network and traveling to the DMZ network?

Traffic that is originating from the public network is inspected and selectively permitted when traveling to the DMZ network.

What network testing tool would an administrator use to assess and validate system configurations against security policies and compliance standards?

Tripwire Tripwire - This tool assesses and validates IT configurations against internal policies, compliance standards, and security best practices.

What characteristic of the Snort term-based subscriptions is true for both the community and the subscriber rule sets?

Both offer threat protection against security threats. There are two types of term-based subscriptions: - Community Rule Set - Available for free, this subscription offers limited coverage against threats. The community rule set focuses on reactive response to security threats versus proactive research work. There is also a 30-day delayed access to updated signatures meaning that newest rule will be a minimum of 30 days old. In addition, there is no Cisco customer support available. - Subscriber Rule Set - Available for a fee, this service provides the best protection against threats. It includes coverage of advance exploits by using the research work of the Cisco Talos security experts. The Subscriber Rule Set also provides the fastest access to updated signatures in response to a security incident or the proactive discovery of a new threat. This subscription is fully supported by Cisco.

What are two drawbacks in assigning user privilege levels on a Cisco router? (Choose two.)

Commands from a lower level are always executable at a higher level. Assigning a command with multiple keywords allows access to all commands using those keywords. Privilege levels may not provide desired flexibility and specificity because higher levels always inherit commands from lower levels, and commands with multiple keywords give the user access to all commands available for each keyword. Privilege levels cannot specify access control to interfaces, ports, or slots. AAA is not required to set privilege levels, but is required in order to create role-based views. The role of root user does not exist in privilege levels.

If AAA is already enabled, which three CLI steps are required to configure a router with a specific view? (Choose three.)

Create a view using the parser view view-name command. Assign commands to the view. Assign a secret password to the view. There are five steps involved to create a view on a Cisco router.1) AAA must be enabled.2) the view must be created.3) a secret password must be assigned to the view.4) commands must be assigned to the view.5) view configuration mode must be exited.

Which three types of traffic are allowed when the authentication port-control auto command has been issued and the client has not yet been authenticated? (Choose three.)

EAPOL CDP STP Until the workstation is authenticated, 802.1X access control enables only Extensible Authentication Protocol over LAN (EAPOL), Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP), and Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) traffic through the port to which the workstation is connected. After authentication succeeds, normal traffic can pass through the port.

What are two drawbacks to using HIPS? (Choose two.)

HIPS has difficulty constructing an accurate network picture or coordinating events that occur across the entire network. With HIPS, the network administrator must verify support for all the different operating systems used in the network.

A company has a file server that shares a folder named Public. The network security policy specifies that the Public folder is assigned Read-Only rights to anyone who can log into the server while the Edit rights are assigned only to the network admin group. Which component is addressed in the AAA network service framework?

authorization After a user is successfully authenticated (logged into the server), the authorization is the process of determining what network resources the user can access and what operations (such as read or edit) the user can perform.

What are two examples of DoS attacks? (Choose two.)

buffer overflow ping of death The buffer overflow and ping of death DoS attacks exploit system memory-related flaws on a server by sending an unexpected amount of data or malformed data to the server.

What command is used on a switch to set the port access entity type so the interface acts only as an authenticator and will not respond to any messages meant for a supplicant?

dot1x pae authenticator Sets the Port Access Entity (PAE) type.dot1x pae [supplicant | authenticator | both] supplicant—The interface acts only as a supplicant and does not respond to messages that are meant for an authenticator. authenticator-—The interface acts only as an authenticator and does not respond to any messages meant for a supplicant. both—The interface behaves both as a supplicant and as an authenticator and thus does respond to all dot1x messages.

Which rule action will cause Snort IPS to block and log a packet?

drop Snort IPS mode can perform all the IDS actions plus the following: - Drop - Block and log the packet. - Reject - Block the packet, log it, and then send a TCP reset if the protocol is TCP or an ICMP port unreachable message if the protocol is UDP. - Sdrop - Block the packet but do not log it.

Which three functions are provided by the syslog logging service? (Choose three.)

gathering logging information distinguishing between information to be captured and information to be ignored specifying where captured information is stored Syslog operations include gathering information, selecting which type of information to capture, and directing the captured information to a storage location. The logging service stores messages in a logging buffer that is time-limited, and cannot retain the information when a router is rebooted. Syslog does not authenticate or encrypt messages.

What type of network security test can detect and report changes made to network systems?

integrity checking Integrity checking is used to detect and report changes made to systems. Vulnerability scanning is used to find weaknesses and misconfigurations on network systems. Network scanning is used to discover available resources on the network.

Which two options can limit the information discovered from port scanning? (Choose two.)

intrusion prevention system firewall Using an intrusion prevention system (IPS) and firewall can limit the information that can be discovered with a port scanner. Authentication, encryption, and passwords provide no protection from loss of information from port scanning.

A network administrator is configuring DAI on a switch. Which command should be used on the uplink interface that connects to a router?

ip arp inspection trust In general, a router serves as the default gateway for the LAN or VLAN on the switch. Therefore, the uplink interface that connects to a router should be a trusted port for forwarding ARP requests

Which action do IPsec peers take during the IKE Phase 2 exchange?

negotiation of IPsec policy The IKE protocol executes in two phases. During Phase 1 the two sides negotiate IKE policy sets, authenticate each other, and set up a secure channel. During the second phase IKE negotiates security associations between the peers.

What is the next step in the establishment of an IPsec VPN after IKE Phase 1 is complete?

negotiation of the IPsec SA policy Establishing an IPsec tunnel involves five steps: detection of interesting traffic defined by an ACL IKE Phase 1 in which peers negotiate ISAKMP SA policy IKE Phase 2 in which peers negotiate IPsec SA policyCreation of the IPsec tunnel Termination of the IPsec tunnel

What two ICMPv6 message types must be permitted through IPv6 access control lists to allow resolution of Layer 3 addresses to Layer 2 MAC addresses? (Choose two.)

neighbor solicitations neighbor advertisements

What security countermeasure is effective for preventing CAM table overflow attacks?

port security Port security is the most effective method for preventing CAM table overflow attacks. Port security gives an administrator the ability to manually specify what MAC addresses should be seen on given switch ports. It provides a method for limiting the number of MAC addresses that can be dynamically learned over a switch port.

Refer to the exhibit. What will be displayed in the output of the show running-config object command after the exhibited configuration commands are entered on an ASA 5506-X?

range 192.168.1.10 192.168.1.20 The show running-config object command is used to display or verify the IP address/mask pair within the object. There can only be one statement in the network object. Entering a second IP address/mask pair will replace the existing configuration.

What is the main factor that ensures the security of encryption of modern algorithms?

secrecy of the keys With most modern algorithms, successful decryption requires knowledge of the appropriate cryptographic keys. This means that the security of encryption lies in the secrecy of the keys, not the algorithm.

Which zone-based policy firewall zone is system-defined and applies to traffic destined for the router or originating from the router?

self zone

What are two reasons to enable OSPF routing protocol authentication on a network? (Choose two.)​

to prevent data traffic from being redirected and then discarded to prevent redirection of data traffic to an insecure link The reason to configure OSPF authentication is to mitigate against routing protocol attacks like redirection of data traffic to an insecure link, and redirection of data traffic to discard it. OSPF authentication does not provide faster network convergence, more efficient routing, or encryption of data traffic.

What function is provided by Snort as part of the Security Onion?

to view pcap transcripts generated by intrusion detection tools Snort is an open source network intrusion prevention system (NIPS) and network intrusion detection system (NIDS) developed by Sourcefire. It has the ability to perform real time traffic analysis and packet logging on Internet Protocol (IP) networks and can also be used to detect probes or attacks.

What are three attributes of IPS signatures? (Choose three.)

type action trigger IPS signatures have three distinctive attributes: type trigger (alarm) action

What are three characteristics of the RADIUS protocol? (Choose three.)

uses UDP ports for authentication and accounting is an open RFC standard AAA protocol supports 802.1X and SIP RADIUS is an open-standard AAA protocol using UDP port 1645 or 1812 for authentication and UDP port 1646 or 1813 for accounting. It combines authentication and authorization into one process; thus, a password is encrypted for transmission while the rest of the packet will be sent in plain text. RADIUS offers the expedited service and more comprehensive accounting desired by remote-access providers but provides lower security and less potential for customization than TACACS+.

Which two types of hackers are typically classified as grey hat hackers? (Choose two.)

vulnerability brokers hacktivists Grey hat hackers may do unethical or illegal things, but not for personal gain or to cause damage. Hacktivists use their hacking as a form of political or social protest, and vulnerability brokers hack to uncover weaknesses and report them to vendors. Depending on the perspective one possesses, state-sponsored hackers are either white hat or black hat operators. Script kiddies create hacking scripts to cause damage or disruption. Cyber criminals use hacking to obtain financial gain by illegal means.

What is a characteristic of a role-based CLI view of router configuration?

A single CLI view can be shared within multiple superviews. A CLI view has no command hierarchy, and therefore, no higher or lower views. Deleting a superview does not delete the associated CLI views. Only a root view user can configure a new view and add or remove commands from the existing views.​

When describing malware, what is a difference between a virus and a worm?

A virus replicates itself by attaching to another file, whereas a worm can replicate itself independently. Malware can be classified as follows: Virus (self-replicates by attaching to another program or file) Worm (replicates independently of another program) Trojan horse (masquerades as a legitimate file or program) Rootkit (gains privileged access to a machine while concealing itself) Spyware (collects information from a target system) Adware (delivers advertisements with or without consent) Bot (waits for commands from the hacker) Ransomware (holds a computer system or data captive until payment isreceived)

A company implements a security policy that ensures that a file sent from the headquarters office to the branch office can only be opened with a predetermined code. This code is changed every day. Which two algorithms can be used to achieve this task? (Choose two.)

AES 3DES The task to ensure that only authorized personnel can open a file is data confidentiality, which can be implemented with encryption. AES and 3DES are two encryption algorithms. HMAC can be used for ensuring origin authentication. MD5 and SHA-1 can be used to ensure data integrity.

What is a limitation to using OOB management on a large enterprise network?

All devices appear to be attached to a single management network. OOB management provides a dedicated management network without production traffic. Devices within that network, such as terminal servers, have direct console access for management purposes. Because in-band management runs over the production network, secure tunnels or VPNs may be needed. Failures on the production network may not be communicated to the OOB network administrator because the OOB management network may not be affected.​

What will be the result of failed login attempts if the following command is entered into a router? login block-for 150 attempts 4 within 90

All login attempts will be blocked for 150 seconds if there are 4 failed attempts within 90 seconds. The components of the login block-for 150 attempts 4 within 90 command are as follows:The expression block-for 150 is the time in seconds that logins will be blocked.The expression attempts 4 is the number of failed attempts that will trigger the blocking of login requests.The expression within 90 is the time in seconds in which the 4 failed attempts must occur.

A network analyst is configuring a site-to-site IPsec VPN. The analyst has configured both the ISAKMP and IPsec policies. What is the next step?

Apply the crypto map to the appropriate outbound interfaces.

In the implementation of security on multiple devices, how do ASA ACLs differ from Cisco IOS ACLs?

Cisco IOS ACLs are configured with a wildcard mask and Cisco ASA ACLs are configured with a subnet mask. The Cisco IOS ACLs are configured with a wildcard mask and the Cisco ASA ACLs are configured with a subnet mask. Both devices use an implicit deny, top down sequential processing, and named or numbered ACLs.

A security analyst is configuring Snort IPS. The analyst has just downloaded and installed the Snort OVA file. What is the next step?

Configure Virtual Port Group interfaces. To deploy Snort IPS on supported devices, perform the following steps: - Step 1. Download the Snort OVA file. - Step 2. Install the OVA file. - Step 3. Configure Virtual Port Group interfaces. - Step 4. Activate the virtual services. - Step 5. Configure Snort specifics. - Step 6. Enable IPS globally or on desired interfaces. - Step 7. Verify Snort IPS.

A recently created ACL is not working as expected. The admin determined that the ACL had been applied inbound on the interface and that was the incorrect direction. How should the admin fix this issue?

Delete the original ACL and create a new ACL, applying it outbound on the interface.

What is the best way to prevent a VLAN hopping attack?

Disable trunk negotiation for trunk ports and statically set nontrunk ports as access ports.

Which statement describes a characteristic of the IKE protocol?

It uses UDP port 500 to exchange IKE information between the security gateways.

What network testing tool is used for password auditing and recovery?

L0phtcrack

What technology has a function of using trusted third-party protocols to issue credentials that are accepted as an authoritative identity?

PKI certificates Digital certificates are used to prove the authenticity and integrity of PKI certificates, but a PKI Certificate Authority is a trusted third-party entity that issues PKI certificates. PKI certificates are public information and are used to provide authenticity, confidentiality, integrity, and nonrepudiation services that can scale to large requirements.

Which network monitoring technology uses VLANs to monitor traffic on remote switches?

RSPAN Remote SPAN (RSPAN) enables a network administrator to use the flexibility of VLANs to monitor traffic on remote switches

bidirectional NAT NAT can be deployed on an ASA using one of these methods:inside NAT - when a host from a higher-security interface has traffic destined for a lower-security interface and the ASA translates the internal host address to a global addressoutside NAT - when traffic from a lower-security interface destined for a host on the higher-security interface is translatedbidirectional NAT - when both inside NAT and outside NAT are used togetherBecause the nat command is applied so that the inside interface is mapped to the outside interface, the NAT type is inside. Also, the dynamic keyword in the nat command indicates that it is a dynamic mapping.

Refer to the exhibit. A network administrator has configured NAT on an ASA device. What type of NAT is used?

R1(config)# crypto isakmp key 5tayout! address 64.100.0.2 R2(config)# crypto isakmp key 5tayout! address 64.100.0.1

Refer to the exhibit. A network administrator is configuring a VPN between routers R1 and R2. Which commands would correctly configure a pre-shared key for the two routers?

What network security testing tool has the ability to provide details on the source of suspicious network activity?

SIEM

A technician is to document the current configurations of all network devices in a college, including those in off-site buildings. Which protocol would be best to use to securely access the network devices?

SSH Telnet sends passwords and other information in clear text, while SSH encrypts its data. FTP and HTTP do not provide remote device access for configuration purposes.

Which two protocols generate connection information within a state table and are supported for stateful filtering? (Choose two.)

TCP HTTP

Refer to the exhibit. According to the command output, which three statements are true about the DHCP options entered on the ASA? (Choose three.)

The dhcpd address [ start-of-pool ]-[ end-of-pool ] inside command was issued to enable the DHCP server. The dhcpd enable inside command was issued to enable the DHCP server. The dhcpd auto-config outside command was issued to enable the DHCP client. Symmetric encryption algorithms use the same key (also called shared secret) to encrypt and decrypt the data. In contrast, asymmetric encryption algorithms use a pair of keys, one for encryption and another for decryption.

Which two statements describe the characteristics of symmetric algorithms? (Choose two.)

They are referred to as a pre-shared key or secret key. They are commonly used with VPN traffic. Symmetric encryption algorithms use the same key (also called shared secret) to encrypt and decrypt the data. In contrast, asymmetric encryption algorithms use a pair of keys, one for encryption and another for decryption.

Which statement describes a difference between the Cisco ASA IOS CLI feature and the router IOS CLI feature?

To use a show command in a general configuration mode, ASA can use the command directly whereas a router will need to enter the do command before issuing the show command. The ASA CLI is a proprietary OS which has a similar look and feel to the Cisco router IOS. Although it shares some common features with the router IOS, it has its unique features. For example, an ASA CLI command can be executed regardless of the current configuration mode prompt. The IOS do command is not required or recognized. Both the ASA CLI and the router CLI use the # symbol to indicate the EXEC mode. Both CLIs use the Tab key to complete a partially typed command. Different from the router IOS, the ASA provides a help command that provides a brief command description and syntax for certain commands.

How do modern cryptographers defend against brute-force attacks?

Use a keyspace large enough that it takes too much money and too much time to conduct a successful attack. In a brute-force attack, an attacker tries every possible key with the decryption algorithm knowing that eventually one of them will work. To defend against the brute-force attacks, modern cryptographers have as an objective to have a keyspace (a set of all possible keys) large enough so that it takes too much money and too much time to accomplish a brute-force attack. A security policy requiring passwords to be changed in a predefined interval further defend against the brute-force attacks. The idea is that passwords will have been changed before an attacker exhausts the keyspace.

A user complains about being locked out of a device after too many unsuccessful AAA login attempts. What could be used by the network administrator to provide a secure authentication access method without locking a user out of a device?

Use the login delay command for authentication attempts. The login delay command introduces a delay between failed login attempts without locking the account​. This provides a user with unlimited attempts at accessing a device without causing the user account to become locked and thus requiring administrator intervention.

Which protocol is an IETF standard that defines the PKI digital certificate format?

X.509 To address the interoperability of different PKI vendors, IETF published the Internet X.509 Public Key Infrastructure Certificate Policy and Certification Practices Framework (RFC 2527). The standard defines the format of a digital certificate.

What are two benefits of using a ZPF rather than a Classic Firewall? (Choose two.)

ZPF policies are easy to read and troubleshoot. The ZPF is not dependent on ACLs. There are several benefits of a ZPF:- It is not dependent on ACLs. - The router security posture is to block unless explicitly allowed. - Policies are easy to read and troubleshoot with C3PL. - One policy affects any given traffic, instead of needing multiple ACLs and inspection actions.

Which method is used to identify interesting traffic needed to create an IKE phase 1 tunnel?

a permit access list entry

When the CLI is used to configure an ISR for a site-to-site VPN connection, which two items must be specified to enable a crypto map policy? (Choose two.)

a valid access list the peer After the crypto map command in global configuration mode has been issued, the new crypto map will remain disabled until a peer and a valid access list have been configured.

What two features are added in SNMPv3 to address the weaknesses of previous versions of SNMP? (Choose two.)

authentication encryption

Which three services are provided through digital signatures? (Choose three.)

authenticity integrity nonrepudiation Digital signatures use a mathematical technique to provide three basic security services: Integrity; Authenticity; Nonrepudiation

In an AAA-enabled network, a user issues the configure terminal command from the privileged executive mode of operation. What AAA function is at work if this command is rejected?

authorization Authentication must ensure that devices or end users are legitimate. Authorization is concerned with allowing and disallowing authenticated users access to certain areas and programs on the network. The configure terminal command is rejected because the user is not authorized to execute the command.

What are the three signature levels provided by Snort IPS on the 4000 Series ISR? (Choose three.)

balanced security connectivity

A web server administrator is configuring access settings to require users to authenticate first before accessing certain web pages. Which requirement of information security is addressed through the configuration?

confidentiality Confidentiality ensures that data is accessed only by authorized individuals. Authentication will help verify the identity of the individuals.

The use of 3DES within the IPsec framework is an example of which of the five IPsec building blocks?

confidentiality The IPsec framework consists of five building blocks. Each building block performs a specific securty function via specific protocols. The function of providing confidentiality is provided by protocols such as DES, 3DES, and AES.

What are two security measures used to protect endpoints in the borderless network? (Choose two.)

denylisting DLP MEASUREPURPOSEantimalware softwareProtect endpoints from malware.spam filteringPrevent spam emails from reaching endpoints.blocklistingPrevent endpoints from connecting to websites with bad reputations by immediately blocking connections based on the latest reputation intelligence.data loss prevention (DLP)Prevent sensitive information from being lost or stolen.

What is the function of the pass action on a Cisco IOS Zone-Based Policy Firewall?

forwarding traffic from one zone to another The pass action performed by Cisco IOS ZPF permits forwarding of traffic in a manner similar to the permit statement in an access control list.

Upon completion of a network security course, a student decides to pursue a career in cryptanalysis. What job would the student be doing as a cryptanalyst?

making and breaking secret codes

What ports can receive forwarded traffic from an isolated port that is part of a PVLAN?

only promiscuous ports PVLANs are used to provide Layer 2 isolation between ports within the same broadcast domain. The level of isolation can be specifiedwith three types of PVLAN ports: - Promiscuous ports that can forward traffic to all other ports - Isolated ports that can only forward traffic to promiscuous ports - Community ports that can forward traffic to other community ports and promiscuous ports

Which two features are included by both TACACS+ and RADIUS protocols? (Choose two.)

password encryption utilization of transport layer protocols Both TACACS+ and RADIUS support password encryption (TACACS+ encrypts all communication) and use Layer 4 protocol (TACACS+ uses TCP and RADIUS uses UDP). TACACS+ supports separation of authentication and authorization processes, while RADIUS combines authentication and authorization as one process. RADIUS supports remote access technology, such as 802.1x and SIP; TACACS+ does not.

Which threat protection capability is provided by Cisco ESA?

spam protection Email is a top attack vector for security breaches. Cisco ESA includes many threat protection capabilities for email such as spam protection, forged email detection, and Cisco advanced phishing protection.

ACLs are used primarily to filter traffic. What are two additional uses of ACLs? (Choose two.)

specifying internal hosts for NAT identifying traffic for QoS ACLs are used to filter traffic to determine which packets will be permitted or denied through the router and which packets will be subject to policy-based routing. ACLs can also be used to identify traffic that requires NAT and QoS services. Prefix lists are used to control which routes will be redistributed or advertised to other routers.

A network technician has been asked to design a virtual private network between two branch routers. Which type of cryptographic key should be used in this scenario?

symmetric key A symmetric key requires that both routers have access to the secret key that is used to encrypt and decrypt exchanged data.

A client connects to a Web server. Which component of this HTTP connection is not examined by a stateful firewall?

the actual contents of the HTTP connection Stateful firewalls cannot prevent application layer attacks because they do not examine the actual contents of the HTTP connection.

What are the three core components of the Cisco Secure Data Center solution? (Choose three.)

threat defense visibility secure segmentation Secure segmentation is used when managing and organizing data in a data center. Threat defense includes a firewall and intrusion prevention system (IPS). Data center visibility is designed to simplify operations and compliance reporting by providing consistent security policy enforcement.

The crypto map has not yet been applied to an interface. According to the show crypto map command output, all required SAs are in place, but no interface is currently using the crypto map. To complete the tunnel configuration, the crypto map has to be applied to the outbound interface of each router.

Refer to the exhibit. Which conclusion can be made from the show crypto map command output that is shown on R1?

Refer to the exhibit. A network administrator configures a named ACL on the router. Why is there no output displayed when the show command is issued?

The ACL name is case sensitive.

What are three characteristics of ASA transparent mode? (Choose three.)

This mode is referred to as a "bump in the wire." This mode does not support VPNs, QoS, or DHCP Relay. In this mode the ASA is invisible to an attacker.

Which two tasks are associated with router hardening? (Choose two.)

disabling unused ports and interfaces securing administrative access

The security policy in a company specifies that employee workstations can initiate HTTP and HTTPS connections to outside websites and the return traffic is allowed. However, connections initiated from outside hosts are not allowed. Which parameter can be used in extended ACLs to meet this requirement?

eq

Which attack is defined as an attempt to exploit software vulnerabilities that are unknown or undisclosed by the vendor?

zero-day