CYU Chapters 27, 28, 29, 31 & 33

Hypotension is both a cause of chronic kidney disease and a result of chronic kidney disease.

False

A person with acute pyelonephritis most typically experiences

Fever

The defining characteristic of severe acute kidney injury is

Oliguria

Sexual impotence is rarely because of

Primary causes

The main clinical manifestation of a kidney stone obstructing the ureter is

Renal colic

The pathology report for a patient with penile cancer has this statement. The tumor involves the shaft of the penis. The cancer is at what stage?

Stage II

When a patient experiencing nephrotic syndrome asks, "What causes my urine to be so full of protein," the nurse's response is based on the knowledge that

The glomerular membrane has increase permeability

What problem is a patient likely to experience in end-stage renal disease?

Uremia

In addition to E. Coli, a risk factor for development of pyelonephritis is

Urinary retention and reflux

The risk for contrast media-induced acute tubular necrosis (ATN) is highest in

a 70-year-old patient with heart failure

A ureterocele is

a cystic dilation of a ureter

A major modifiable risk factor for nephrolithiasis is

dehydration

The oliguric phase of acute tubular necrosis is characterized by

fluid excess and electrolyte balance

The most likely cause of anemia in a patient with end-stage renal disease is

insufficient erythropoietin

Sudden, severe testicular pain is indicative of

testicular torsion

The expected treatment of a pregnant woman with hyperemesis gravidarum is

intravenous therapy

The individual at highest risk of pyelonephritis who requires monitoring for signs of its occurence is the

man who has chronic urinary tract infection

Urinary retention with consistent or intermittent dribbling of urine is called

overflow incontinence

Pelvic floor muscle training is appropriate for

urge continence

A patient with gouty arthritis develops renal calculi. The composition of these calculi is most likely to be

uric and crystals

Renal insufficiency occurs when ____ of the nephrons are not functional.

75% to 90%

The HPV vaccine is recommended for 11- to 12-year-old girls, but can be administered to girls as young as ____ years of age.

9

Which intervention has been found to retard the advancement of chronic kidney disease?

ACE inhibitors

Dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB) is caused by

Absent of diminished levels of progesterone

The condition characterized by oliguria and hematuria is

Acute glomerulonephritis

Activation of parasympathetic nerves to the bladder will cause

Bladder contraction

Detrusor muscle over-activity can be improved by administration of

Botulinum toxin

Infection by _____ accounts for nearly half of all reported cases of vulvovaginitis

Candida albicans

Uterine prolapse is cause by relaxation of the

Cardinal ligaments

What reproductive tract disorder is most likely to be associated with urinary stress incontinence

Cystocele

A potential risk factor for breast cancer includes

Early menarche and late first pregnancy

The microorganism that causes the vast majority of urinary tract infections is

Escherichia Coli

Postrenal acute kidney injury may be caused by

bilateral kidney stones

The most common type of renal stone is

calcium

A patient has ureteral colic. The manifestation that requires immediate notification of the physician is

chills and fever

The most common agent resulting in nephrotoxicity and subsequent acute tubular necrosis (ATN) in hospitalized patient is

contrast media

In addition to renal colic pain, signs or symptoms of ureteral stones may frequently include

Hematuria

Excessive vomiting in pregnant women is known as

Hyperemesis gravidarum

osteoporosis commonly occurs in patients with end-stage renal disease because of

Hyperparathyroidism

One of the most frequent causes of chronic kidney disease is

Hypertension

A patient being treated for acute tubular necrosis (ATN) develops mild polyuria. The nurse responds to questions about why this is occurring by stating

"His renal tubules are recovering, so he is making more urine, but he is not able to concentrate urine well, because he is not fully recovered."

A patient, age 3, has vesicoureteral reflux/ "why does that make him have so many bladder infections?" asks his mother. The nurse's best response is

"When he urinates, urine runs back toward his kidneys and then into the bladder again, making it easy for bacteria to grow if they reach the bladder."

Appropriate therapy for prerenal kidney injury includes

Fluid administration

It is true that polycystic kidney disease is

Genetically transmitted

The consequence of an upper urinary tract obstruction in a single ureter is

Hyponephrosis

At his most recent clinic visit, a patient with end-stage renal disease is noted to have edema, congestive signs in the pulmonary system, and a pericardial friction rub. Appropriate therapy at this time would include

Initiation of dialysis

the patient reports persistent pelvic pain and urinary frequency and urgency. She says the pain improves when she empties her bladder. She does not have a fever and her repeated urinalysis over the past months have been normal, although she has a history of frequent bladder infections. She also has a history of fibromyalgia and hypothyroidism. Based on her history and compaints, her symptoms are characteristics of

Interstitial Cystitis

One of the most common causes of acute tubular necrosis (ATN) is

Ischemic conditions

The normal post-void residual urine in the bladder is

Less than 100 ml

It is true that fibrocystic breast disease

May be exacerbated by methylxanthines

The pain that accompanies kidney disorders is called

Nephralgia

The urinalysis finding most indicative of cystitis includes the presence of

Nitrites

A person is unaware that his bladder is full of urine, but complains that he is leaking urine almost constantly. The most accurate term for this type of incontinence is

Overflow

The most common sign/symptom of renal calculi is

Pain

Cervical cancer can be detected in the early, curable stage by the ____ test.

Papanicolaou

One cause of extrinsic renal system obstruction is

Pelvic tumor

Which condition is caused by a genetic defect?

Polycystic kidney disease

If acute tubular necrosis (ATN) does not resolve and continued tubular dysfunction ensues, the patient will experience

Polyuria and sodium wasting

The best intervention for acute kidney injury (AKI) is prevention

True

The most common cause of urinary obstruction in male newborns and infants is urethral valves

True

Findings that should prompt an evaluation for renal cancer include

hematuria

A patient who has difficulty walking without assistance is incontinent of urine when help doesn't get to her quickly enough. The term for this type of incontinence is

functional