D & I Final_1

Define a clipping mask and detail how it is used as a cropping tool.

A clipping mask is an object used to hide part of an image. If you have an image and place a second object on top of it, creating a clipping mask will hide the image below except for that which appears in the area bounded by the object on top. The cropped part of the image is not removed but merely hidden behind a mask.

Differentiate between the ways in which a computer screen and paper send color images to our brain.

A computer screen uses light to send an image to our brain, and a paper uses ink, which absorbs light.

Define a jog dial.

A jog dial is often found on a digital camera. It is used to change the camera functions.

Discuss the differences between the background layer and a new layer.

A new layer has none of the restrictions of the background layer. New layers are transparent by default. You can reorder them, rename them, move them, delete them, or lock and unlock them.

Identify the advantage of using a raster graphic.

A raster graphic is useful for photographs and images with many colors.

Explain "out of gamut."

When you create a color in RGB that cannot be matched in CMYK, it is referred to as out of gamut.

Differentiate between a selection tool and a direct selection tool.

A selection tool selects the entire object while a direct selection tool can select a part of the object, such as a single anchor point or line segment.

Explain what describes a strong password.

A strong password has a minimum of eight characters, uses both upper- and lowercase letters, and includes at least one number or special character.

Identify the advantage of using a vector graphic.

A vector graphic can be resized without losing sharpness.

Differentiate between an AI vector file and an SVG or EPS one.

AI vector files are native files created by Adobe Illustrator. SVG and EPS are nonnative vector files.

Define Adjustment Layers and the purpose of using them on your image.

Adjustment Layers allow you to change elements such as the lighting, color, and tones of an image without changing the original image.

Detail how Adobe Color helps to generate a color theme.

Adobe Color generates a color theme by selecting a base color and then selecting a color rule such as complementary or triadic. It can also extract a color theme from a photo based on a mood you designate.

Cite the determining factors in what message is communicated by color.

Age, gender, and culture of the person viewing the color determine the message received by that person.

Define points and explain how they relate to vector images.

An endpoint is found at each end of the vector path. The point along a vector path at which the direction is changed is a corner point. A smooth point is a point along a vector curve.

Define an f-number.

An f-number is a measurement of aperture settings. A large f value allows less light, and a small f value allows more light.

Define anchors in vector images.

Anchors are points on either end or within a path.

What can you do with Arrange options?

Arrange options allow you to move an object up or down in the stack of objects.

List some options for backing up files.

Backups can be made to hardware such as a flash drive or another hard drive. Backing up over a network means that the information is stored on another computer within the network. A third option is an online backup.

Explain how digital cameras increase your chance of taking the perfect picture.

Because of the lower cost of taking images, many pictures can be taken. This increases your chances of getting a better picture. You can also see your picture immediately and determine if the picture meets your needs. If not, you can delete it and try again.

List at least four types of bitmap image extensions.

Bitmap image extensions include BMP, JPG, TIF, GIF, JPG, and PNG.

Explain blending modes.

Blending modes affect how a layer blends into the layers below it. The default blending mode is Normal, but there are many other effects available.

Define a bounding box in vector graphics.

Bounding boxes are created automatically around a vector object, making it easy to move or reshape it. It is the outline that defines the vector object.

Identify what has replaced film in storing images on cameras and state the advantage of this new storage medium.

Cameras today rely primarily on flash memory cards. The flash memory cards can be erased and reused many times, which makes them cheaper than film.

Indicate the primary advantages of a vector image.

Changes can easily be made to curves, and lines can be added with no break in color.

Describe the advantages and disadvantages of cloud computing.

Cloud computing may be less expensive than purchasing software, but it has a disadvantage in that it requires a constant Internet connection.

Summarize the relationship between different colors and how those relationships are determined.

Color wheels are used to demonstrate the relationship of different colors. Colors opposite each other on the color wheel are called complementary colors. Analogous colors are those next to each other on the color wheel, which can also be combined successfully.

Explain the difference between complementary and analogous color themes.

Complementary colors are two colors directly across from each other on the color wheel. Analogous colors are colors that are next to one another on the color wheel.

Describe what composition has to do with taking a good photograph.

Composition is the selection and arrangement of subjects within the picture area. Your choices of what to include and where to locate your subject in the photograph make the difference between a picture that conveys a message and one that merely captures the random moment.

Define digital media.

Digital media can be defined as any combination of audio, video, images, and text used to convey a message using technology.

Differentiate between a digital and an optical zoom.

Digital zoom is the enlargement of an image in a camera lens. This is done by enlarging the pixels rather than capturing more of the image. The optical zoom uses a lens to magnify the image.

Define focal point and explain how this can be changed in an image.

Focal point is the element within an image that the viewer's eye focuses on. The focal point can be changed by moving the camera slightly. Walking around the subject to find the best angle can help to create a better image.

List four areas that are important to understand when using computers.

Four areas that are important to review are software, file management, storage, and backups.

Assess what makes a background that frames the subject effective in an image.

Framing is effective in giving the viewer a sense of location and distance. The frame will encourage the viewer's eye to move out to the image beyond the frame.

Describe the HSB color model.

HSB is a color model based on human perception of color (hue, saturation, and brightness). It is used to make adjusting colors easier and can be used in either RGB or CMYK mode.

Explain the differences between the three levels of brightness and contrast: highlights, shadows, and midtones.

Highlights represent the lightest part of the image, which is usually white; shadows represent the darkest, which is usually black; and midtones represent the middle range of colors in an image.

In your own words, explain Web-safe colors.

Web-safe colors are the 216 colors that can be seen on even the most limited computer screen.

Give an example of how the settings of shutter speed would affect a photograph.

If the shutter speed is set to open and close slowly, you may be able to capture several movements of a runner across a finish line, which would result in a blur. If the shutter speed is set to open and close briefly, you may catch the runner with one foot coming down onto the finish line.

Explain why images are compressed.

Images are compressed to make them smaller, making it possible to load them more quickly on the Web pages or email more easily.

Detail how color is reproduced on a printed page in the CMYK printing process.

Images are separated into the four CMYK colors and then transferred to plates which are inked. The four inks are then layered on the printing material to reassemble the full-color image on the paper. Spot colors can also be used to add color to a printed page.

Explain why it is important to register a copyright.

It is important to register a copyright because: It reminds users that the work is protected, it clearly establishes the date when protection begins, It makes it easier for someone to seek permission to use the work because the owner is named.

Explain why it is important to understand file extensions.

It is important to understand file extensions because some program types work better in some situations than others do.

How can you protect your computer and network?

Keeping your computer and network safe requires you to be attentive to Internet dangers, using strong passwords, and being cautious.

Explain the use of Layer Styles.

Layer Styles allow you to add special effects to your images. Some effects are drop shadows, glowing, bevel, and emboss. These can be added to specific layers in your images.

Describe uses of layers.

Layers can be used to achieve many things. Some of these may include combining and overlapping multiple images, drawing vector shapes on a raster image, adding text to an image, changing the order of overlapping items, adjusting the position of different elements independently, and applying special effects and filters. The most significant use is that layers enable you to edit an original image without actually changing the pixels.

Differentiate between lossy and lossless compression.

Lossless compression reduces the file size without losing any pixel information. Lossy compression deletes or changes some pixels when making the file size smaller.

Differentiate between a photograph using a low ISO setting versus one with a high ISO setting.

Low ISO settings capture an image sharply with few extra pixels or graininess. Low ISOs are used when there is plenty of light. High ISO settings are used to capture an image in low light, resulting in an image that has extra pixels.

Explain the difference between the foreground and background color and how each is used.

Many times the foreground and background color options are indicated by two overlapping squares. The top square is the foreground color, which is what appears when you paint, draw, or fill in part of an image. The bottom square is the background color, which appears when you select and delete an area of an image on the Background layer.

Define a megapixel and explain why it is important for a camera.

Megapixel is the size of the image that can be recorded on a camera. A larger number of pixels creates a better quality photograph. It also creates larger file sizes.

Describe objects in vector drawings.

Objects are the individual images within a vector drawing that can be changed and moved independently.

Explain handles and their purpose in vector graphics.

On curved lines, handles appear that allow you to manipulate the angle and depth of the curve.

Discuss the advantages of using layers.

One of the biggest advantages of layers is that you can make nondestructive changes. Changes that you make on normal layers will not change the original image data. This allows flexibility in changing the original image, but preserves it. If you need to edit the background, you can turn it into a normal layer.

Identify and describe one of the most common methods of adjusting brightness and contrast levels.

One of the most common and easiest methods of adjusting brightness and contrast levels is to adjust the curves. The levels are shown on an interactive graph so that you can click and move the lines on the graph to change the levels in your image. You can also adjust the levels using an eyedropper tool.

Name the two types of digital imaging programs and differentiate them.

Paint programs create images using pixels and drawing programs use vectors or lines to produce an image.

Define paths in vector images.

Paths are lines used to create vector objects.

Why is it important to be aware of your body while using a computer?

Paying attention to your body as you use a computer can help you maintain a safe workplace and avoid injury.

Compare and contrast physical property versus intellectual property.

Physical property can be touched and seen. Intellectual property is a creative work of the mind.List at least five examples of intellectual property that can be assigned copyright protection.

Differentiate between plagiarism and piracy.

Plagiarism involves copying another person's creative work and claiming it as your own. Piracy involves stealing another person's creative work, usually for profit.

Differentiate between plagiarism and copyright infringement.

Plagiarism is an ethical issue; copyright infringement is a legal one.

What steps can you take to prevent repetitive stress injury?

Prevent repetitive stress injury by arranging your workplace carefully, using correct keyboarding and mouse techniques, and taking breaks.

How can you protect yourself in an electronic world?

Protecting yourself means not revealing personal information unnecessarily or providing any information to sites you do not trust. It also means never meeting in person anyone whom you have met on the Web unless you have a trusted adult with you.

Explain the purpose of Quick Mask Mode, and how to use it.

Quick Mask Mode enables you to make and refine selections using the Brush tool. When you make a selection, you are protecting the unselected area of the image from any changes you make to the selected area. This protection is called masking. When used, it places a ruby-colored overlay over the entire image except the selected area. The Brush tool can be used to paint with black to cover more area of the mask or with white to reveal more area.

Explain the scale for RGB colors.

RGB colors are based on a scale ranging from 0 to 255. The higher number represents the purest color.

Define RGB and CMYK and explain the differences in the use of the two.

RGB uses a percentage of red, blue, and green to deliver a color, and CMYK uses a percentage of cyan, magenta, yellow, and black to deliver a color. RGB is used primarily for Web or electronic delivery, and CMYK is used primarily for print delivery.

Discuss some of the retouch tools that may be found in a raster editing program and their purpose.

Retouch tools enable you to alter the content of an image. The Spot Healing Brush tool removes objects and unwanted elements like blemishes. The Eraser tool erases pixels from a layer. And the Background Eraser tool can make the background transparent.

Explain the difference between an SLR camera and a point-and-shoot camera.

SLR cameras are more expensive. They allow the use of interchangeable lenses and use a mirror system to capture the image. Point-and-shoot cameras are easier to use with pre-set focus functions. They do not have quite the same quality as an SLR camera, but their quality is improving rapidly.

Explain what happens to an image if you resize it with sampling selected.

When resampling is selected, the image editing application will add or delete pixels as the image is resized.

Describe the selection tools that would be used when more precise selections need to be made, and how these tools make more precise selections.

Selection tools such as the Magic Wand, Magnetic Lasso, or Quick Selection tools (in Adobe Photoshop) make more precise selections by detecting colors in an image and determining where they begin to change. This information is used to create a selection line. Each of these tools works in a slightly different way.

Summarize why file sharing is an ethical problem.

Sharing seems to be a generous act, but file sharing makes it easy to widely (and illegally) distribute digital files that represent intellectual property.

Indicate who may claim the right of fair use.

Students may use fair use for educational purposes and some professionals may use it in limited situations such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, and research.

Explain why ethics related to technology are difficult to determine.

Technology changes so quickly that new ethical questions appear before the right choices become apparent.

Compare and contrast the APA and MLA styles of citing a website.

The American Psychological Association (APA) requires the following style for its citations of web sites: Author [last, first]. (date [year, month day]). Article title. Retrieved from URL. The Modern Language Association (MLA) requires the following style for Web site citations: Author [last, first]. Article Title. Date. Publisher. Date retrieved. <URL>. With the seventh edition of MLA's style guide, MLA style no longer requires a URL in a citation. It is only needed when the reader would be unlikely to locate the source without its inclusion or when required by a publisher or instructor.

Explain the purpose of using the Cropping tool.

The Cropping tool can be used to achieve good composition in your image if you didn't compose the photograph properly at first.

Explain the purpose of the Hand tool.

The Hand tool moves an image around in the viewing area.

Describe the selection tool that is best used when you want to select an irregularly shaped area.

The Lasso tool is a selection tool used to draw freehand around irregularly shaped items.

Describe the Pantone Matching System.

The Pantone Matching System is a series of predefined colors that allows you to choose a color by name or number. The printer then uses a single ink that matches the color you designate.

Identify the tool used to add or remove points along the line or curve in a vector drawing.

The Pen tool is used to add or remove points along the line or curve in a vector drawing.

Describe the Selection tool, "marching ants," and the purpose of using the Selection tool.

The Selection tool is a type of tool used to select a portion of a raster image before modifying it. The area that you select is outlined with a moving dashed line, sometimes called "marching ants." This selected area can be changed using other tools and features. For example, you can move or delete the selected area or use the Brush tool on the selected area.

Define the Zoom tool and briefly explain how it works.

The Zoom tool is a navigation tool that magnifies or reduces the view of an image. Click on the magnifying glass with a plus sign to zoom in or the magnifying glass with a minus sign to zoom out.

Identify the option that is used on images when the edges are ragged. Describe how it works.

The anti-aliasing option is used on images when the edges of a selection are ragged; it softens the edges of a selection. The option works by softening the color of the pixels along the edge of the selection. Feathering can also be used to soften the hard edges of a selection by adjusting the color of the pixels along the outside edge.

List the restrictions of the background layer.

The background layer is always the bottom layer, no matter how many other layers you add, and it cannot be renamed. It cannot be transparent, and it cannot be moved or deleted.

Describe how the color mode is useful.

The color mode tells the computer which color model data to use to represent colors.

Compare and contrast raster and vector graphics.

The difference between raster and vector graphics is pixels versus lines. Vector and raster images often appear alike at a distance, but close up it's easy to see the effect pixels have on an image.

List the five commitments to learning that will help you to become successful in a digital media field.

The five commitments to learning include the following: be flexible, keep an open mind, use initiative, listen and read attentively, and seek to acquire new knowledge and skills.

What are the keys to success in digital media?

The keys to success are making a commitment, continuing your education, and developing good work skills.

Cite how the use of lines within a photograph can help to unify elements in an image.

The lines within the photograph help to pull the eye along in the direction the photographer intended. Lines also tie together objects within a photograph, which helps to reduce the jumble of objects.

What is the purpose of ergonomics?

The purpose of ergonomics is to ensure workplace safety and productivity.

Explain the advantages in setting a camera so it saves an image as a raw file type.

The raw file type records all the image data without any compression. The raw file type provides more photographic choices than JPG.

State why the rule of thirds is important when taking a photograph.

The rule of thirds states that important elements of an image should be placed along vertical and horizontal lines that divide the image into thirds. This provides a balance that allows many composition options.

What is the single most important means of ensuring your personal or computer security?

The single most important way to ensure security is by paying attention to any dangers that may exist.

What are the six behaviors that make you more employable?

The six behaviors that make you more employable include good attendance, promptness, proper attire, a clean and safe work environment, appropriate voice, and pride.

Describe why a photograph that will be used for a Web page would be saved as a JPG with a resolution of 640 × 480.

The smaller size makes the image appear quickly on the Web page.

Explain briefly the three components that a camera uses to capture an image.

The three components used by a camera to capture an image are aperture, shutter speed, and ISO. Aperture is how wide the lens opens to let in light. Shutter speed is how fast the lens opens and closes. ISO is the speed at which the memory of the camera captures the image.

Summarize the three most common color models in digital media.

The three most common color models are RGB, CMYK, and HSB. RGB is based on red, green, and blue and is used for computer displays. CMYK is based on cyan, magenta, yellow, and black and is used for printing. HSB is based on hue, saturation, and brightness and is used to adjust colors in line with human perceptions.

Explain how the Magic Wand tool settings affect the selection of an image.

The tolerance setting determines how precisely the Magic Wand tool does its job. A higher tolerance allows for more pixels to be chosen. The default is 32, which means that it selects pixels that are 32 shades darker and 32 shades lighter than the original. The contiguous setting refers to pixels that touch. If this setting is chosen, only pixels that are touching will be included.

Define the triadic color theme.

The triadic color theme includes three evenly separated hues from a color wheel. Primary colors red, yellow, and blue are a triadic color theme because they are separated by three other colors on the traditional color wheel.

Describe the two symbols used to indicate a trademark and explain how they differ.

Trademarks that are registered carry the ® symbol while unregistered ones use the ™ symbol.

Describe White Balance on a camera setting.

White balance means that the camera attempts to make white look truly white without the yellowness of a candle or the blue of an overcast day. This setting allows photographing in different light settings without the camera having to "guess."

Consider how the ability to catch action shots has changed photography.

With digital cameras, it is much easier to catch action shots. Viewers prefer to feel they are seeing a moment captured as it happened, not as it was posed. Avoid the staged photograph when action can be taken instead.

Intellectual property that can be copyrighted includes:

literary works, musical works, including any accompanying words, dramatic works, including any accompanying music, pantomimes and choreographic works, pictorial, graphic, and sculptural works, motion pictures and other audiovisual works, sound recordings, architectural works