Databases Exam 3

Leading database API; ____________ for .NET applications. .NET is a Microsoft environment, and C# is the most popular .NET language.

ADO.NET

Which API is often used with the C# language? (ODBC, DB-API, ADO.NET)

ADO.NET

Trigger element; _________ : Any SQL statements.

Action

An ____________ is a library of procedures or classes. The library links an application programming language to a computer service, such as a database, email, or web service. The procedure or class declarations are written in the application programming language. Ex: JDBC is a library of Java classes that access relational databases.

Application Programming Interface

ACID transactions; __________ : Whole transaction or none is done.

Atomic

________________ types store data exactly as the data appears in memory or computer files, bit for bit. Ex: Binary types may be used to store images.

Binary

Database APIs support: A. Relational databases only B. Relational and non-relational databases only C. Databases and other data sources

C

System-defined types can be: A. Simple types only B. Complex types only C. Either simple or complex types.

C

User-defined types can be: A. Simple types only B. Complex types only C. Either simple or complex types.

C

The SQL statement _________ causes a transaction to complete. It's database modifications are now permanent in the database.

COMMIT

A user-defined type is created by a database designer or administrator with the _______________ statement.

CREATE TYPE

________________ types represent textual characters. Character types may be either fixed-length or variable-length strings, consisting of either single-byte (ASCII) or double-byte (Unicode) characters.

Character

Complex data types; __________ types include several distinct values of the same base type, organized as a set or an array.

Collection

Trigger element; _________ : Any SQL boolean-valued expression.

Condition

ACID transactions; _________ : Database constraints preserved.

Consistent

Leading database API; ____________ for Python applications.

DB-API

Which API supports only one language? (ODBC, DB-API, ADO.NET)

DB-API

________________ types represent numbers with fractional values.

Decimal

____________ languages do not explicitly specify how results are processed.

Declarative

Complex data types; __________ types contain textual data in a structured format such as XML or JSON.

Document

ACID transactions; __________ : Effects of a process survive a crash.

Durable

_________ embedded SQL - SQL statements not known in advance, instead, generated at a runtime

Dynamic

All embedded SQL statements begin with ______________, so the preprocessor can find them easily.

EXEC SQL

If we are only going to execute the query once, we can combine the PREPARE and EXECUTE steps into one using _________.

EXEC SQL EXECUTE IMMEDIATE

Select the database programming technique that best matches the description (Embedded SQL, Procedural SQL, API). Has become less popular with the rise of object-oriented programming.

Embedded SQL

Select the database programming technique that best matches the description (Embedded SQL, Procedural SQL, API). Usually generates a network round trip for each SQL query.

Embedded SQL

____________ codes SQL statements directly in a program written in another language. The keywords EXEC SQL precede all SQL statements so the compiler can distinguish SQL from other statements. Ex: Embedded SQL in C for Oracle Database is called Pro*C.

Embedded SQL

Trigger element; _________ : typically a type of database modification, e.g., "insert on Sells."

Event

True of false? Different database programming techniques cannot be combined in one application.

False

True of false? The EXEC SQL keyword is used in procedural SQL.

False

True or false. 3.1415 can be stored as an INT type in Oracle Database.

False

True or false. Each database requires a different driver manager.

False

True or false. Every driver implements the full capabilities of the API.

False

True or false. NUMERIC is a decimal type supported by Oracle Database.

False

_________ = data structure used to speed access to tuples of a relation, given values of one or more attributes.

Index

________________ types represent positive and negative integers.

Integer

ACID transactions; __________ : It appears to the user as if only one process executes at a time.

Isolated

Leading database API; ____________ for Java applications

JDBC

Kind of view; __________ = actually constructed and stored.

Materialized

Which database does not support object types? (MySQL, Oracle Database, PostgreSQL)

MySQL

Which database does not support the CREATE TYPE statement? (MySQL, Oracle Database, PostgreSQL)

MySQL

Which database might have an unordered set of values { 'apple', 'orange', 'banana' } in a cell of a table? (MySQL, Oracle Database, PostgreSQL)

MySQL

Leading database API; ____________ supports many programming languages and data sources. ____________ was developed in parallel with SQL/CLI and conforms closely to the standard.

ODBC

Complex data types; __________ types support object-oriented programming constructs, such as composite types, methods, and subtypes.

Object

____________ languages combine data and procedures into classes.

Object oriented

A(n) ____________ determines how to process statements in a declarative language.

Optimizer

Leading database API; ____________ for PHP applications. PHP is a widely used programming language for building dynamic websites.

PDO

__________ allows us to store procedures as a database element.

PSM

Which database has both XML and JSON types? (MySQL, Oracle Database, PostgreSQL)

PostgreSQL

____________ languages contain control flow statements but no classes.

Procedural

Select the database programming technique that best matches the description (Embedded SQL, Procedural SQL, API). Affords the greatest database security.

Procedural SQL

Select the database programming technique that best matches the description (Embedded SQL, Procedural SQL, API). Compiles and stores complex data processing tasks on the database server.

Procedural SQL

____________ extends the SQL language with control flow statements, creating a new programming language. Procedural SQL is limited compared to general-purpose languages, however, and is used primarily for database applications. Ex: In Oracle Database, procedural SQL is called PL/SQL.

Procedural SQL

_________ transactions forbids the reading of uncommitted data.

READ COMMITED

A transaction running under __________ can see data in the database, even if it was written by a transaction that has not committed (and may never).

READ UNCOMMITED

__________ transactions requirement is like read-committed, plus: if data is read again, then everything seen the first time will be seen the second time.

REPEATABLE READ

The SQL statement __________ also causes the transaction to end, but by aborting. There are no effects on the database.

ROLLBACK

_________ transactions must behave as if they were run serially - one at a time, with no overlap

SERIALIZABLE

____________ is the leading declarative language.

SQL

Leading database API; ____________, an extension of the SQL standard.

SQL/CLI

________________ types are based on other types but have a special meaning and functions. Ex: MONEY has decimal values representing currency. BOOLEAN has values zero and one representing false and true. UUID has string values representing Universally Unique Identifiers, such as a0eebc99-9c0b-4ef8-bb6d-6bb9bd380a11. ENUM has a fixed set of string values specified by the database designer, such as 'red', 'green', 'blue'.

Semantic

Complex data types; __________ types store geometric information, such as lines, polygons, and map coordinates.

Spatial

__________ embedded SQL - the SQL statements will not change while the application is running

Static

________________ types represent date, time, or both. Some time types include a time zone or specify a time interval.

Time

___________ = process involving database queries and/or modification.

Transaction

___________ are used to enforce business rules automatically as data is updated, inserted, and deleted

Triggers

The ODBC API for the Java language consists of Java classes.

True

True or false. 1/29/2020 14:30:00 might represent a DATETIME value in MySQL.

True

True or false. A secondary API can be layered on top of a third API, for a total of three API layers.

True

True or false. In the animation above, the secondary API is ODBC.

True

True or false. Photographs are stored with the BYTEA type in PostgreSQL.

True

True or false. The driver manager communicates with all drivers using the same commands.

True

True or false? Procedural SQL is specified in the SQL standard.

True

5Vs of big data; __________ - competitive advantage

Value

5Vs of big data; __________ - source data has many different formats

Variety

5Vs of big data; __________ - data is generated at great speed.

Velocity

5Vs of big data; __________ - must ensure correctness of data

Veracity

Kind of view; __________ = not stored in the database; just a query for constructing the relation.

Virtual

5Vs of big data; __________ - huge amount of data from wide array of sources.

Volume

A __________ is essentially a tuple-variable that ranges over all tuples in the result of some query.

cursor

A _________ connects directly to the database. Although all relational databases support standard SQL, implementations vary somewhat, and most databases offer non-standard extensions. Consequently, a different __________ is necessary for each database.

driver

The ________________ connects the application to the drivers. The application communicates with the ________________ using API procedure calls. The ________________ forwards each call to the correct driver. When one application connects to several databases, the ________________ selects a driver based on the active connection.

driver manager

Contains an SQL stored procedure call.

flightCall

Returns the value of a stored procedure output parameter.

getInt()

Programming languages are either __________ or declarative.

imperative

Makes JDBC classes available to the Java program.

import java.sql.*;

C contains control flow statements and SQL does not. This is an example of the ______ gap.

paradigm

Compiles an SQL statement and associates the statement with a Java object.

prepareCall()

Identifies the database location and provides database access credentials.

reservation

SQL uses many keywords, like SELECT, FROM, and WHERE. C relies heavily on punctuation, like {} and #. This is an example of the ______ gap.

syntax

A _______________ type, is provided by the database as a reserved keyword.

system-defined

A _______________ type is created by a database designer or administrator with the CREATE TYPE statement.

user-defined

A __________ is essentially a class definition, with a structure and methods.

user-defined type

A ___________ is a relation defined in terms of stored tables (called base tables ) and other _________s.

view