DC English 1301 Final Exam review

In "Learning to Read," Malcolm X became inspired to educate himself because

1) He wanted to correspond with Elijah Muhammad. 2) He wanted his letters to be more eloquent.

Schaffer paragraphing: the numerical ratio of sentences/ideas of evidence vs. your analysis of the evidence

1:2

What type of annoyance would Stedman classify the following as: Sheila Anne Barry advises that "Have you ever wondered what it's like to walk on a tightrope-many feet up in the air?" (50)

Am I in the Right Movie?

What type of annoyance would Stedman classify the following as: We should all be prepared with a backup plan if a zombie invasion occurs. "Unlike its human counterparts, an army of zombies is completely independent of support" (Brooks 155). Preparations should be made in the following areas....

Armadillo Roadkill

Factual claim

Asserts something is or is not true, was or was not true, or will or will not be true.

Definitional Claim

Asserts that something is like or is exactly the same as something else.

causal claim

Asserts that something is or was the cause of something else.

Deliberative Claim

Asserts that something should or shouldn't be done

In "Shooting an Elephant," why does Orwell decide to go against his better judgment and shoot the elephant?

Because he didn't want to look like a fool.

Type of claim: Student loan policies have caused widespread growth in college tuition

Causal claim

What type of claim is offered below? Cutting wage rates may enable one employer to hire more workers, but cutting the wages of all workers will lead to fewer jobs, not more, because workers would have less to spend on goods.

Causal claim

Types of essays: Being healthy is kind of a mysterious thing. Some people can drink alcohol all the time and smoke cigars in between and live long and relatively healthy, whereas nutrition-nut individuals always eating organic food and abstaining from habits that would be detrimental at times die early. Genetics definitely has an influence on how long we live and how well we do internally, but there are many other factors that strongly affect our health. Let us explore the general, intrinsic, and extrinsic factors that affect our well-being. To get facts straight, the most influential factor affecting our health is our socioeconomic status (40%). After this comes, in order, health behaviors (30%), environment (10%), family genetics (10%), and finally healthcare (10%) (What Affects Our Health?). Socioeconomic status involves race, education, and poverty level. We are often born into an unhealthy status, or land into one due to economic situations. Not surprisingly, healthy habits such as exercising, good eating, and meditation reflect the second most influential factor.

Cause and effect essay

This paragraph could best be described as a condensed version of what type of essay? Shoppers can be grouped according to their shopping techniques, as necessity shoppers, over spenders, and impulsive shoppers. Necessity shoppers have an uncomplicated and normal shopping technique. They purchase only the items that are necessary, such as food and toiletries, and they only get these items when they need them. The overspenders purchase too many items and they spend too much money on them. They buy unnecessary products, such as clothes and accessories. They can turn a simple trip to the store into a wallet draining extravaganza. Finally, there are impulsive shoppers. They are a combination between necessity shoppers and over spenders. They intend to be necessity shoppers by buying items that they need, but they turn into over spenders by buying unnecessary clothes and useless items. Even though there are millions of shoppers worldwide, they can easily be classified by their techniques as necessity shoppers, over spenders, or impulsive shoppers.

Classification

This type of essay organizes things, people, places, ideas (nouns) into categories/classes/types/kinds and presents examples and qualities of the subject that fit into each class.

Classification

What type of essay would this body paragraph best fit? Oceans and lakes have much in common, but they are also quite different. Both are bodies of water, but oceans are very large bodies of salt water, while lakes are much smaller bodies of fresh water. Lakes are usually surrounded by land, while oceans are what surround continents. Both have plants and animals living in them. The ocean is home to the largest animals on the planet, whereas lakes support much smaller forms of life. When it is time for a vacation, both will make a great place to visit and enjoy.

Compare and contrast

Types of essays: First of all, swimming pools contrast with natural bodies of water because pools have been created with one purpose in mind: to make swimming, sunning, splashing, and diving just as fun and safe as possible. You won't bump into slimy fish or water weeds at a pool — nothing gets in the way of exercise and relaxation. You'll find slides, a diving board, wading pools for little kids, lounge chairs, and maybe even a toasty whirlpool. Also, the water is treated with chemicals to keep the pool clean and safe, and non-slip surfaces alongside keep wet feet steady. You won't find these features at the seashore. For maximum convenience, some pools are built indoors, so you can swim even if a thunderstorm is going on outside. A swim in a freshwater pond or the salty sea is a whole different experience. Humans did not create these places, and each is unique (most swimming pools, by contrast, look as if they rolled off the same assembly line). You can feast your eyes on nature at a sandy beach with crashing waves or at a rock-edged lake. As you wade into the water, you'll feel grainy sand or squishy mud on your toes, not the artificially smooth floor of a pool. In addition, water temperature is not controlled; it may be warm or icy. Oceans and ponds also differ from swimming pools in the variety of activities they offer. Once you've beat the heat with a dip, you can try boating, surfing, or fishing — don't try those at the town pool! On the other hand, weather can dampen the fun. A stormy or cold day can make it impossible to swim outdoors.

Comparison/Contrast essay

What is the name of the sentence that contains a quote, fact, or an example?

Concrete detail

The 3 characteristics of academic writing are...

Critical reading, research, and analysis

Value claim

Declarative sentences that assert something is good or bad, right or wrong

What type of claim is offered below? In order to insure that graduates are competitive for top jobs in their fields, the college should put additional resources into its career services office and internship programs.

Deliberative claim

Types of Essays: My dad bought his red Dodge Dakota truck in 1995. When he got the truck, it had already hit a deer and two cows. Since he's owned it, its value has gone down considerably, even though he has spent more money fixing it up than he paid for it. If it was worth as much money as it cost to keep it running, we could sell it and buy a new car. It is red with a stripe down one side- yep, only one side, the other side has no stripe. No one knows why this is. There's a huge dent above the right hind wheel from when a horse tried to jump in the back of the truck. The new, revamped bumper is bent slightly downward from the deer and other things it's hit. The driver's side door doesn't open all of the time, and when it does you gotta slam it real hard to get it to shut all of the way. Most of the time the passenger side is heaped with trash, mostly empty pop bottles and cans. Inside it usually smells like horses.

Descriptive essay

Armadillo Roadkill

Dropping in a quotation without introducing it first.

Types of essays: Football, in its various forms, can be said to be an ancient game, and perhaps the most popular globally. Famous footballers are treated like gods in Europe, and the sport is actively played in the farthest reaches of countries worldwide. Though contemporary football began in England, ancient peoples played similar games throughout history. Let us delve into how this beloved sport, game, and pastime became what it is today. The first time the modern game of football appeared with rules akin to today's ones was during the Han dynasty and possibly the Qin dynasty in China (FIFA.com). This was in the second and third century BC, and the game was called Cuju. The Japanese also had their own version of the game named kemari and was developed in the Asuka period (538 to 710) (Japanese Sports: A History). These versions have been recognized by FIFA as the first occurrences of football being played according mostly to today's rules.

Expository essay

What type of claim is offered below? Although the International Astronomical Union announced that Pluto is not actually a planet, experts disagree on what characteristics define a planet.

Factual claim

What can one infer about Orwell's feelings based on his use of such diction as "puppet," "dummy" and "mask" in "Shooting an Elephant"?

He feels constrained by his position as a sahib.

What type of annoyance would Stedman classify the following as: [Essay Text] A respected guide on the subject suggests, "If possible, always take the high ground and hold it" (The Zombie Survival Guide 135). [Works Cited Page] Brooks, Max. The Zombie Survival Guide: Complete Protection from the Living Dead. New York: Three Rivers, 2003. Print.

I Can't Find the Stupid Link

What type of annoyance would Stedman classify the following as: It's possible that a multidisciplinary approach to understanding the universe will open new doors of understanding. If theories from sociology, communication, and philosophy joined with physics, the possibilities would be boundless. This would inspire new research, much like in the 1970s when scientists changed their focus from grand-scale theories of the universe to the small concerns of quantum physics (51).

I Swear I Did Some Research

Level Two Question

Inference/ interpretive (these are usually why/how questions about the text). Example: Why does Orwell feel compelled to kill the elephant?

The full name of the person who created the paragraphing method we use

Jane Schaffer

The author of "Sex, Lies, and Conversation," cited a book called Divorce Talk, which said that most of the women cited THIS is the cause of their divorce, while only a few of the men thought it was the reason:

Lack of communication

What style is usually used for formatting within the liberal arts and humanities?

MLA

The most important sentence in an essay helps lead to the essay's what? (one word)

Message

Types of essays: I was saved from sin when I was going on thirteen. But not really saved. It happened like this. There was a big revival at my Auntie Reed's church. Every night for weeks there had been much preaching, singing, praying, and shouting, and some very hardened sinners had been brought to Christ, and the membership of the church had grown by leaps and bounds. Then just before the revival ended, they held a special meeting for children, "to bring the young lambs to the fold." My aunt spoke of it for days ahead. That night I was escorted to the front row and placed on the mourners' bench with all the other young sinners, who had not yet been brought to Jesus. My aunt told me that when you were saved you saw a light, and something happened to you inside! And Jesus came into your life! And God was with you from then on! She said you could see and hear and feel Jesus in your soul. I believed her. I had heard a great many old people say the same thing and it seemed to me they ought to know. So I sat there calmly in the hot, crowded church, waiting for Jesus to come to me.

Narrative essay

Types of essays: One of the most valued traits that a modern employee should possess is creativity. A huge number of companies describing their perfect candidate in job vacancies point out creativity as a necessary quality, even if the job itself is not directly related to "creative professions." For example, creativity may be required from all kinds of managers, SEO specialists, marketers, or even salesmen. Such a high demand for this quality can be explained with the broadness of the term: creativity does not necessarily mean the ability to create unique content; in a more general interpretation, it can be understood as the ability to solve problems and approach challenges in a non-standard way—and, from this perspective, it is indeed something any specialist should possess if he or she wants to be able to withstand competition.

Persuasive essay

Which word best describes Orwell's feelings about his role as a police officer/civil servant in "Shooting an Elephant"? Grief

Pity and Guilt

Types of essays: One of the most important concerns is fire safety, since fires mostly start suddenly and unexpectedly able to damage home and our belongings therein in counted seconds. Most importantly, fire hazard endangers our life. In terms of safety processes, to prevent a fire from starting, it is necessary to sustain all heaters and (open) fires well-guarded. It is recommended to apply in-built guards that provide extra protection, as well as nursery guards with side clips fitting into fixed wall brackets. Furthermore, portable heaters and candles should be kept away from curtains and furniture in a safe position where they cannot get knocked over. Next, it is advisable not to air or dry clothes near cookers or open fire. Smoking in bed should be eliminated as far as possible since this alone may cause a lot of trouble. Since the majority of fires start in the kitchen, no objects should be left unattended while cooking, boiling, frying or heating. Matches and lighters should be kept out of children's reach. To eliminate fire risks, approved smoke detectors should be fit on each floor. In addition, alarm signals and escape routes should be established.

Process

Essay types: This is the only essay an author should use second person (you, your, yours) for.

Process Essay

The type of essay which describes how something is done is called:

Process analysis essay

Level One Question

Question found in text (Often who/what/when/why; answered in a few words) Example: Where did "Shooting an Elephant" take place?

MLA: what is the correct order of items in the MLA heading?

Student name, teacher name, class name, date

In "Shooting an Elephant," what does the elephant symbolize?

The British Empire

Schaffer Paragraph

The paragraph includes a Topic Sentence, Concrete Detail, Commentary, and a Concluding Sentence.

Expository essay

This kind of essay explains or gives the reader knowledge about a topic.

True or False: According to the article, men view conversation as a competitive sport, while women see it as a ritual way of creating rapport.

True

Level Three Question

Universal (these are usually why and how questions about ideas related to the text. These are big picture questions.) Example: How can one individual's experience reflect the struggle of an entire nation?

What type of claim is offered below? Philosophy is the best subject in which to major because it teaches one to reason, an essential skill for a good life.

Value claim

IDENTIFY THE CONCRETE DETAIL. Being a clown isn't all fun and games. Rodeo clowns expose themselves to great danger every time they perform. When cowboys dismount or bulls buck them off, rodeo clowns jump in front of the bulls and motion wildly to get their attention. In this way rodeo clowns provide an alternate target, and in doing so protect the rider. Of course, this is a very dangerous thing to do. Ultimately, sometimes clowning around can be serious business.

When cowboys dismount or bulls buck them off, rodeo clowns jump in front of the bulls and motion wildly to get their attention.

I Can't Find the Stupid Link

When the information in the in-text citation is improperly formatted or missing completely, so that the reader can't easily find the source from which the quote or paraphrase was drawn when they look on the Works Cited page.

Uncle Barry and his Encyclopedia of Useless Information

When you place too many quotations in a row without fully exploring the meaning of each, so that the reader doesn't get "to hear the real point of what the author wants to say" or a chance to "form an opinion about the claims" (248).

Narrative essay

conversational in style, and tells of a personal experience/story

process essay

describes how something is done explains actions that should be performed in a series could be in the form of step-by-step instructions

Comparison/contrast essay

discusses the similarities and differences between two things, people, concepts, places, etc.

I Swear I Did Some Research

dropping in a citation without making it clear what information came from that source

Identify the dominant appeal: "If you're still unsure, please consider that my advanced degree and awards for my work speak for themselves."

ethos

Identify the TWO dominant appeals: "In 25 years of driving the same route, I haven't seen a single deer."

ethos and logos

Cause and Effect Essay

explains why or how some event happened and what resulted from the event

Am I in the Right Movie?

failing to integrate a quotation into the grammar of the preceding sentence

Why did Malcolm X say that inmates were "smiled upon for reading" in the excerpt "Learning to Read"?

it would show rehabilitation

Match the technique to the appropriate appeal: charts/graphs

logos

Identify the dominant appeal: "They've worked against everything we've worked so hard to build, and they don't care who get hurt in the process. Make no mistake, they're the enemy, and they won't stop until we're all destroyed.

pathos

Match the technique to the appropriate appeal: figurative language

pathos

Descriptive essay

provides details about how something looks, feels, tastes, smells, makes one feel, or sounds. Uses sensory imagery.

When utilizing the 5 sense in writing you are using?

sensory imagery

Dating Spider-Man

starting or ending a paragraph with a quotation

What is the most important sentence of an essay

thesis statement

Persuasive/Argumentative Essay

to persuade the reader to the writer's point of view