PHIL 100 Exam 2 SG

Searle's Chinese room argument connects to the Turing test because it tries to make the argument that computers can't think since they only can sort squiggles and squiggles. Person wouldn't know the difference of answers given by human or computer. Searle says he lacks understanding or semantics because he's only getting syntax with the squiggles and squiggles. Searle does pass the Turing test. It's meant to refute that computers don't think.

What is Searle's Chinese room argument? What is it meant to refute?

It says the choices you make aren't because of free will but that they are determined by personal experience

What is determinism?

Ryle's argument tries to answer how does one non-physical thing being the mind inject life into a physical thing which is the body? It was his argument against dualism. Descartes view makes a categorical mistake and calls his argument on the mind and body a ghost in the machine. An example of this argument would be taking a tour of a college campus and at the end ask where the university is. Wondering if the university representing the mind is something above the campus is a categorical mistake.

What did Ryle mean by saying that the Cartesian view of the mind was that of a "ghost in the machine?"

Trying to reaffirm knowledge to be indubitable. Maybe need a new sophist aced method to reconstruct knowledge to doubt the skeptics. Cartesian doubt... (FINISH)

1) What is Descartes attempting to do in the Meditations arguments?

Individuals who's behavior is indistinguishable to humans. Functionally just like humans. They lack consciousness inside. Claim for this argument is physical facts doesn't answer question of consciousness. Consciousness is something in addition to all physical facts. This connects to the What does Mary know and what is it like to be a bat arguments. Physical facts don't exhaust all possible facts.

27) What is the conceivability argument regarding zombies?

Descartes was turning to theory of knowledge over metaphysics.

3) How does Descartes' work represent an "epistemological turn" in philosophy?

Mysterians are trying to solve the mystery of consciousness that never can be fully explained. Nagel could be considered a mysteries. We will never be able to solve the problem of consciousness because we have cognitive limitations

32) Who are the mysterians?

The hard problem is consciousness. Cognitive scions is a broad term. Cognitive scientists don't take on hard problem of consciousness and the qualia.

33) According to David Chalmers, what is the hard problem?

Condemnation of 1277 was a list of propositions taught in France that were condemned to being heretical against church. Proposition 63 said God can't create a cause without a secondary cause. An example for this is trying to hit an eight ball into a pocket without a cue ball. Descartes saw this proposition as that maybe there's some being out there giving you the illusion that you're looking at a tree when there isn't a tree in front of you. Some being considered an evil genius trying to fool you from believing things that are true. Descartes' defense against this fool is I think therefore I am.

4) What is the significance of the condemnation of 1277, and particularly, of proposition #63?

Critiques of this argument argue that if there really is an "I". David Hume is familiar with consecutive experiences instead of underlying mental substances. We can't rely on our memory too closely because it falters in age. Descartes only warrants experiencing here and now by taking out the "I"

7) What are some criticisms of the cogito ergo sum argument?

I think therefore I am

7) What does cogito ergo sum mean?

It means a thinking thing. It means that Descartes doubts without having a body and can't imagine having just a mind without a body. Descartes believes that he would still exist without body because his body is not his essence.

8) What does res cogitates mean?

Starts with ordinary skeptical doubt. Descartes says you can't trust your own senses because they can deceive you in dreams. There's been occasions he has trusted optical senses while dreaming with it turning out untrue. Dreaming or not these things are true such as two plus two equaling four and a triangle having three sides. Cogito argument is immune. to this deception. To even be fools is an experience. Its an indubitable defense. Arguments against cogito say its restricting to knowing here and now

Present as fully as you can the stages of doubt explored by Descartes and also Descartes' response to each stage of doubt in his dialectical (back and forth) attempt to arrive at a belief that indubitable in the Meditations. Be sure to include the climax of the discussion, which his Descartes' famous cogito argument. In what ways did I suggest that what Descartes thinks that he demonstrated in the cogito argument might need to be further limited? Finally, does Descartes successfully arrive at any belief that is indubitable? Defend your view

the thesis that the same mental property, state, or event can be implemented by different physical properties, states or events including computer chips . couldn't fear be realized in different brain states? Mental brain states are reduced to brain states. Why couldn't it be relied in without a brain state representing computers. What about silicon chips holding memory?

What is meant by "multiple realizability"?

Neural chauvinism concerns neurons in the brain (Check the recording from class!)

What is meant by "neural chauvinism"?

Solipsism says you're the only thing that exists which is consciousness. If Descartes was stuck in consciousness alone, he would be a solipsist. . Descartes says I can think, therefore I am. Can't doubt that I exist. Doesn't know if there's a world out there.

What is solipsism?

Alan Turing created the Turing test that is a test of intelligence if you can separate human and computer. If answers to questions from computer are indistinguishable to humans it proves intelligence.

What is the Turing test?