DC speech final
Parallel points:
All go together
Listener relevance:
Give the audience a reason to listen to your speech
Informative speaking:
The information should be communicated clearly. The information should be communicated accurately. The information should be meaningful and interesting to the audience.
Common ground technique:
a communication technique based on mutual knowledge as well as awareness of mutual knowledge.
Communication process
a complex set of three different and interrelated activities intended to result in shared meaning
Straw man:
a fallacy that occurs when a speaker weakens the opposing position by misrepresenting it in some way and then attacks that weaker position
Ad hominem:
a fallacy that occurs when one attacks the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself.
False cause:
a fallacy that occurs when the alleged cause fails to be related to, or to produce, the effect
Hasty generalization:
a fallacy that presents a generalization that is not supported with evidence or is supported with only one weak example
Pathos/emotional appeal:
a persuasive strategy of appealing to emotions
logos/logical appeal
a persuasive strategy of constructing logical arguments supported with evidence and reasoning
Ethos/personal appeal
a persuasive strategy of highlighting competence, credibility, and good character
Ethics:
a set of moral principles that may be held by a society, a group, or an individual
Empathetic listening:
a structured listening and questioning technique that allows you to develop and enhance relationships with a stronger understanding of what is being conveyed, both intellectually and emotionally.
Appreciate listening:
a type of listening behavior where the listener seeks certain information which they will appreciate, and meet his/her needs and goals.
Appeal to action:
an explicit appeal to your audience to take a specific action following your speech
Kinesics:
deals with your posture while walking, sitting, or standing
Proxemics:
distance between communicators; lets people know status and relationship
Persuasive speaking:
persuasion involves ethos (credibility), logos (logic), and pathos (emotion).
Attention getting devices:
quote, story, rhetorical question, statistics, and startling statements
intrapersonal communication
refers to the interactions that occur in our minds when we are talking to ourselves
Proportional points:
spend same amount of time on each point
Extemporaneous:
spoken or done without preparation.
Nonverbal messages:
the act of communicating w/o words -based on vocal expression
Active listener:
the deliberate and conscious process of attending to, understanding, remembering, evaluating, and responding to messages
Passive listener:
the habitual and unconscious process of receiving messages
Para language:
the voiced part of a spoken message that goes beyond the actual words
Metaphor Repetition Contrast Hyperbole Irony Personification Understatement
types of language devices
Discriminative listening:
when the listener interprets and assigns meaning to sound rather than to words.
Interpersonal communication
characterized by informal interactions between 2 people who have an indefinable relationship w/ each other