DE English II Final Exam Review
Rhetorical Triangle
A visual representation of the interrelationship among ethos, pathos, and logos
Index
An alphabetical list of important and recurring concepts with page numbers of which they appear
Secondary source
An analysis of information reported in a primary source
Premise
An assumption that you expect your readers to agree with that is either true or false
Peer Review
An evaluation done by one's peers or other experts in the academic conversation
Focus Group
An interview style designed for small groups addressing a particular topic of interest
Ethos
Appeals from character
Pathos
Appeals to emotion
Logos
Appeals to reason
Deductive Argument
Argument in which the premises support the conclusion
Inductive Argument
Argument that relies on evidence and observation to reach a conclusion
Fallacy of the Middle Ground
Argument that the middle ground between two extremes is true because it is the middle ground
Popular Source
Articles written for the general audience
Modifying Others Model
Assumes that a mutual understanding is possible; modifies the claims of others
Fallacy of Division
Assuming that what is true of the whole is true for the parts.
Sweeping Generalizations
Author attempts to draw a conclusion without providing sufficient evidence or examining counterarguments
Shifting the Issue
Author draws attention away from the issue instead of offering evidence that will help people draw their own conclusion
Context
Background understanding of an issue or situation
Hypothesis Testing Model
Begins with the assumption that writers may have good reasons for supporting their argument, but there are also legitimate reasons why it is/ is not the case
Either/or Fallacy
Black and white fallacy; Occurs when author builds an argument on the idea that there are only two possible choices or outcomes rather than several
Appeal to Fear
Fallacy in which the writer attempts to create support by increasing fear towards the alternative
Confusing Cause and Effect
Fallacy that assumes that one event must cause another just because two events often occur together
Working Thesis
First attempt at an assertion for your position
Primary Source
Firsthand/eyewitness account of a situation
Logical Fallacies
Flaws in the chain of reasoning that lead to a conclusion that does not necessarily follow the premises or evidence
Begging the Question
Informal fallacy in which an argument's premises assume the truth of the conclusion instead of supporting it
Skimming
Looking over a document to get a general idea of its contents.
The Straw Man Argument
Makes a generalization about what a group believes without citing a specific writer's work; goes hand in hand with fallacy of division
Filling the Gap Model
Points to what other writers have overlooked or ignored in discussing the given issue - Makes a claim of value usually
Scholarly Sources
Sources written by experts, evaluated by peer experts, and intended for a scholarly/academic audience
Sarcasm
The use of heavy-handed irony to ridicule or attack something
Irony
The use of language to say one thing while meaning something else
Original Research
Use of primary research you gathered yourself
Correcting Misinterpretations Model
Used to correct writers whose arguments you believe have misconstrued important aspects of an issue - Makes factual claim
Technical Jargon
Using technical words to convince the reader without providing evidence
False Analogy
When an author tries to persuade us that something is true by using a comparison
Ad Hominem
an argument directed against a person rather than the position they are maintaining
Erroneous Appeal to Authority
an author who claims to be an authority but is not, or someone an author cites as an authority who is not
Bandwagon
A fallacy which assumes that because something is popular, it is therefore good, correct, or desirable.
Idea Sheet
A form of exploratory writing that can serve as the basis for a more formal research proposal
Proposal
A formal plan that outlines your objectives for conducting a research project, specifies the methods, and describes the implications of your work
Annotated Bibliography
A list of sources that you plan to consult and use in your research paper
Hasty Generalization
A person draws a conclusion about a group with a sample too small to be representative