Defining Health and Health Care

What factors do you think affect the health ranking of your county?

...Our County Health Rankings model includes four types of health factors: health behaviors, clinical care, social and economic, and the physical environment. Health Outcomes We measure two types of health outcomes to represent how healthy each county is: how long people live (mortality) and how healthy people feel (morbidity). These outcomes are the result of a collection of health factors and are influenced by programs and policies at the local, state, and federal levels.

Determinants of health

1. Social and Economic Environment 2. Physical Environment 3.Genetics(epigenetics) 4.Medical Care 5.Health Related behavior

United Nations

- All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood."

World Health Organization

- [WHO] defines health as a complete state of physical, mental, and social state of well being and not merely the absences of disease or infirmity www.who.int/about/defintion

Caring vs. Big Business

-"Americans are divided about whether they want a health care system that is more a social good, run by nonprofit organizations with benevolent missions, or whether they want health care to operate more like big business, driven by market forces, profits, and efficiency." Knickman & Kovner, 2008 -Are these incommensurate missions?

Legal Rights

-(civil or statutory rights): rights conveyed by a particular polity, codified into legal statutes by some form of legislature.

Natural Rights

-(moral or unalienable rights): rights not contingent upon the laws, customs, or beliefs of a particular society.

Is healthcare a commodity?

-A commodity is some good for which there is demand -One of the characteristics of a commodity good is that its price is determined as a function of its market as a whole. -The word commodity came into use in English in the 15th century, it came from the French, "commodité", to benefit or profit

What is health?

-Biomedical or Medical Model -Biopsychosocial -Population health model

Fiver Dertiminants of health: in class

-Consumer -Provider -Delivery System -Mechanisms of Finance -Government

StakeHolders from the text:

-Consumers & Taxpayers -Doctors, nurses, hospitals, and other health providers -Pharmaceutical, insurance, and other for-profit companies -Payers and organizations that regulate or accredit health care providers

What is the Medical Model?

-Curative model focused on the eradication of the cause of an illness or disease -function of health is curative -health care is reactive

American Nurses Association

-Health is "a dynamic state of being in which the developmental and behavioral potential of an individual is realized to the fullest extent possible"

Provider

-Health professions -Provider culture -Allopathic health care -Complimentary health care -Evidence-based practice -Research

What are the Major Issues and Concerns for the State of Health Care Delivery in the United States?

-Improving quality -Improving access and coverage -Slowing the growth of health care costs -Encouraging healthy behavior -Improving the public health care system -Improving the coordination, transparency, and accountability of local systems of care

Consumer

-Personal Health -Culture -Rights and Responsibilities -Market forces

Constitutional rights:

-Personal Security -Personal Liberty -Private property -Contractual rights -Due process of law -Political rights of citizenship

Government

-Policy -Regulations -Laws -Finance -Global intervention

Mechanisms of Finance

-Private pay -Insurance -HMO -Government (taxpayer)

Delivery System

-Privatization -Managed Care -Public health -Primary Care -Tertiary Care

Expressing yourself

-The only wrong answer is an ill-informed answer -Opinions are vital to progress as long as they are based in reason, clearly articulated and open to evolution

Unalienable rights: declaration of independence

-We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.

Biopsychosocial

-expanded view of health: mental, physical, social, adn spiritual well-being -function of health is to promote individual adjustment and adaptation -hollistic view of health

Population health model

-focus on "upstream" casualty -determinnants of health

What is healthcare?

...Health care (or healthcare) is the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disease, illness, injury, and other physical and mental impairments in humans. Health care is delivered by practitioners in medicine, chiropractic, dentistry, nursing, pharmacy, allied health, and other care providers. It refers to the work done in providing primary care, secondary care and tertiary care, as well as in public health.

Is health care a basic human right?

Natural vs Legal rights

What is the function of the healthcare system?

systems carry out four vital functions: provision of health care services, resource generation, financing, and stewardship.