Derm Quizlet Rosh

An 8-year-old boy presents to his pediatrician with a low-grade fever, new rash, and pruritus. He has not been vaccinated for varicella and mom confirms a recent exposure. On exam, a pink vesicular rash in various stages of development is noted, as well as surrounding linear excoriations. There are no other presenting complaints, and he has no significant past medical history. Which of the following is the most appropriate therapy? Acetaminophen Acyclovir Aspirin Valacyclovir

Acetaminophen (Varicella-zoster infection aka chickenpox)

A 17-year-old man presents to the clinic complaining of hair loss. He states, "My father has a full head of hair. Why am I losing mine?" On exam, hair follicles of varying lengths and thicknesses are noted. Hair loss is noted at the vertex of the scalp, revealing healthy-looking underlying skin. The patient denies use of medications or supplements, pruritus, flaking, burning or bleeding scalp. Hair pull test results are negative. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? Alopecia areata Androgenetic alopecia Telogen effluvium Tinea capitis

Androgenetic alopecia (male pattern baldness)

A 6-year-old boy presents with his parents for complaints of a rash for a few days. The rash was initially behind his ears and then spread down his neck and onto the trunk and extremities. They note he has had a cold for the past week with fever and cough. On physical examination, the patient has an erythematous, nonblanching, maculopapular rash. Small, whitish elevations are noted on the buccal mucosa. Which of the following diagnostic studies would be most helpful in establishing a diagnosis? Anti-measles IgG Anti-measles IgM Rubella-specific IgM Viral culture

Anti-measles IgM (Measles)

A 6-year-old girl is brought to the clinic due to an erythematous rash with intense pruritus. Her father states a similar rash was present on the patient's face and neck when she was younger, but this spontaneously resolved. Physical examination reveals the rash seen above. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? Allergic contact dermatitis Atopic dermatitis Psoriasis Seborrheic dermatitis

Atopic dermatitis

What is the term for the development of pinpoint bleeding after the removal of the scale of a psoriatic lesion? Auspitz sign Fitzpatrick sign Koebner phenomenon Nikolsky sign

Auspitz sign (Psoriasis)

A 12-year-old girl presents to the clinic with a two-day history of a rash and recent known exposure to poison ivy. The rash is erythematous with scattered vesicles localized to a 6-inch segment along the medial aspect of the lower leg. There is no drainage noted and the patient denies systemic symptoms such as fevers or chills. Which of the following is the most appropriate treatment option? Clobetasol propionate 0.05% ointment twice daily for 14 days Hydrocortisone 1% ointment twice daily for seven days Prednisone 1 mg/kg tablet once daily for six days Tacrolimus 0.03% ointment twice daily to affected area until symptoms resolve

Clobetasol propionate 0.05% ointment twice daily for 14 days (Allergic contact dermatitis)

A 6-year-old girl presents with the above rash for two days. Her mother also reports a lace-like rash on the patient's arms and torso. What is the most likely diagnosis? Erythema infectiosum Roseola Rubella Rubeola

Erythema infectiosum

A 5-year-old girl presents to clinic with a low grade fever and rash. Initially, she had mild nasal congestion, low energy, and decreased oral intake, but then developed a rash that involved both of her cheeks. Now has a fine, ***lacy rash*** over her arms and legs. What is the most likely diagnosis? Erythema infectiosum Hand, foot, and mouth disease Roseola Scarlet fever

Erythema infectiosum (Fifth disease, slapped cheek, lacy rash, parvovirus B19)

A 3-year-old boy is brought in by his mother because he has developed dry, rough, scaling skin to his elbows and shins over the past few months. He has also been diagnosed recently with eczema and asthma. The skin overlying his shins shows a fine pattern of polygonal scales that are rough to touch and darker in color than his normal skin tone. He does not have any scaling to his flexor surfaces. Which of the following is recommended for this patient as long-term therapy? Biweekly use of topical ketoconazole Daily use of benzoyl peroxide Daily use of topical steroids Frequent use of moisturizers to hydrate the affected skin

Frequent use of moisturizers to hydrate the affected skin (Ichthyosis vulgaris)

A 7-year-old boy presents with the above physical exam findings (see image). The child's mother reports he has complained of a headache and pain with eating. She also says he has had a two-day history of irritability and low-grade fever. What is the most likely diagnosis? Gingival hypertrophy Gingivostomatitis Herpangina Oral contact dermatitis

Gingivostomatitis

A 16-year-old boy presents with a rash, as seen in the image above. He reports that the rash developed quickly over two to three days and has been present for one month. Physical exam reveals 1 to 2 cm scattered, well-defined, erythematous, papules and plaques with an adherent scale. The lesions are distributed on his trunk and extremities. His recent past medical history includes ***streptococcal pharyngitis*** for which he received amoxicillin. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? Drug reaction Guttate psoriasis Nummular eczema Pityriasis rosea

Guttate psoriasis

A 6-month-old girl is brought for a routine well-visit wherein an erythematous, papular rash with excoriations is observed on her face. Her parents state this rash worsens at times and rarely resolves. Which of the following agents is appropriate? Clobetasol propionate topical Hydrocortisone acetate topical Pimecrolimus topical Prednisone oral

Hydrocortisone acetate topical (atopic dermatitis)

A 9-year-old girl presents to the clinic with a diffuse pruritic erythematous rash. The rash involves the webs of the fingers, wrists, axilla, waist, and lower extremities. Linear burrows are seen on exam. Which of the following is required to confirm the most likely diagnosis? Identification of mites, mite eggs, or fecal pellets Potassium hydroxide preparation Punch biopsy Serologic testing for Borrelia burgdorferi antibodies

Identification of mites, mite eggs, or fecal pellets (Scabies)

A 2-year-old boy presents to the clinic with his mother for a facial rash. His mother says the rash began one day ago as two small bumps and has gradually spread around his nose and mouth region. The child frequently scratches the area and she has noticed drainage. The patient has otherwise been acting his usual self and has had no fevers, nasal drainage, or cough. Physical exam reveals several papules and erythematous vesicles with overlying honey-colored crust surrounding his nose and mouth. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? Contact dermatitis Herpes labialis Impetigo Varicella infection

Impetigo

A 10-year-old girl presents to clinic due to a generalized rash. History reveals that four days prior the onset of rash she was noted to have low-grade fever, runny nose, cough, and conjunctival congestion. The rash is characterized as red, maculopapular eruptions which were noted to first appear on the forehead before spreading downward to the extremities. The physical examination reveals a weak-looking girl with anicteric sclerae, pink conjunctivae, cervical and occipital lymphadenopathy, harsh breath sounds, adynamic precordium, no heart murmur, soft non-tender abdomen, full equal pulses, capillary return time of less than two seconds, and maculopapular rashes on the lower trunk and extremities with brawny desquamation on the upper trunk. Further history reveals that she is missing some of her immunizations. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? Exanthem subitum Kawasaki disease Measles Rubella

Measles

A 5-year-old girl with a significant past medical history of eczema presents to the outpatient office with her mother complaining of numerous small, circular, flesh-colored umbilicated lesions that are located on the trunk and extremities. There are no lesions on the palms, soles or mucous membranes. They do not itch and do not appear to be filled with fluid. The lesions were first noticed about one month ago. What is the most likely diagnosis? Keratoacanthoma Molluscum contagiosum Pityriasis rosea Varicella

Molluscum contagiosum

Pellagra, a photosensitive, hyperpigmented dermatitis on sun-exposed areas, is a result of which vitamin deficiency? Niacin Pyridoxine Thiamine Vitamin C

Niacin (Niacin, or vitamin B3)

An 18-year-old pregnant woman presents to her primary care physician for treatment of her acne vulgaris. Which of the following would be the recommended treatment? Isotretinoin Oral erythromycin Oral tetracycline Topical tazarotene

Oral erythromycin (Acne vulgaris)

A 6-year-old boy presents to the clinic with scaly patches and alopecia on his scalp for the past week. The boy states the scaly areas itch. Which of the following is the recommended treatment? Oral griseofulvin Oral ivermectin Topical ketoconazole Topical permethrin

Oral griseofulvin (Tinea capitis)

A 14-year-old boy presents with one week of an itchy rash over his back. On examination, there are multiple oval-shaped papules in linear distributions over his upper back. There is also a prominent oval-shaped plaque on his upper back. This larger plaque has a small area of central clearing and fine scale. What is the most likely diagnosis? Pityriasis rosea Secondary syphilis Tinea corporis Tinea versicolor

Pityriasis rosea

A 3-week-old girl is referred to the ED by her pediatrician who has been following her closely due to herpes simplex exposure via primary maternal infection. The patient's mother insists she had no active lesions during pregnancy. In the last 12 hours, the infant developed a fever of 103°F and parents also report two brief seizure-like episodes, lethargy, and poor feeding. On physical exam, the infant is sleepy but arousable. A full septic workup is initiated, including a lumbar puncture. Which of the following tests of the patient's cerebrospinal fluid is most likely to confirm the diagnosis? Gram stain Polymerase chain reaction Serology Viral culture

Polymerase chain reaction (Herpes)

A 14-year-old boy presents with two erythematous plaques on his right arm. The plaques are pruritic and have developed a mild scale and central clearing. Other boys on the patient's wrestling team have similar lesions. Which of the following is most likely to confirm the suspected diagnosis? Herpes simplex virus polymerase chain reaction of unroofed lesion Potassium hydroxide preparation Punch biopsy Response to topical steroids

Potassium hydroxide preparation (Tinea corporis)

An infant is brought to the clinic for evaluation of the rash shown above. Which of the following diagnostic tests is most appropriate? Bacterial culture Mineral oil slide preparation Potassium hydroxide preparation Viral culture

Potassium hydroxide preparation (diaper dermatitis)

Which of the following descriptions is more characteristic of urticaria than any other type of skin abnormality? Grouped vesicles with underlying erythema Papules with burrows Pruritic erythematous plaques Tender fluctuant nodules

Pruritic erythematous plaques

An 18-year-old man presents to the emergency department with a widespread rash on his trunk and proximal extremities. He says the rash itches. On exam, the lesions are oriented in a Christmas tree distribution on his back and spare the palms and soles. Which of the following is the best management? Intramuscular penicillin Oral prednisone Reassurance Topical ketoconazole

Reassurance (Pityriasis rosea)

A 4-year-old girl with no significant medical history presents to her pediatrician for a routine well-check. During the visit, her mother asks about a skin lesion she noticed recently. The area in question is a pale, firm, hyperkeratotic papule about 4 millimeters in diameter on the lateral aspect of the patient's right knee. When scraped gently with a tongue depressor, some of the overlying debris can be removed, revealing scattered, pinpoint, deep-red dots. The area is not painful. Which of the following is the most appropriate therapy? Cryotherapy with liquid nitrogen Reassurance and watchful waiting Shave biopsy with pathology consultation Topical salicylic acid

Reassurance and watchful waiting (verrucous or warty lesion)

A 17-year-old girl presents with the complaint of a skin rash. She began treatment two days ago for a urinary tract infection and was given sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim. On physical exam, bullae are seen covering 40% of her body and are present in her mouth as well. What is the best step in managing the patient? Continue sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim Lower the room temperature to 21°C Refer to a burn center Start antibiotic prophylaxis against Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Refer to a burn center (Toxic epidermal necrolysis-TEN)

A 14-month-old child presents with a 104°F fever for four days followed by abrupt defervescence and development of a rose pink rash that started on the trunk and spread to the face. Which of the following viral exanthems is the most likely diagnosis? Fifths disease Roseola Rubella Rubeola

Roseola

It is postulated that antibody-antigen complexes are responsible for some viral exanthems because the rash does not appear until after the patient begins to recover. Which of the following viral illnesses follows this pattern of rash appearance concurrent with recovery? Hand, foot, and mouth disease Kawasaki disease Rocky Mountain spotted fever Roseola

Roseola (roSIXola, lacy rash that spares the face, 4 day fever 104, then rash appears,

A 12-month-old girl, accompanied by her mother, presents to the clinic with a rash. The patient has a three-day history of fever ranging from 102-103°F with associated nasal congestion and diarrhea. The rash developed 24 hours after fevers had resolved, beginning around her neck and torso and gradually spreading to her arms and legs. Physical exam reveals a blanching maculopapular rash on the trunk and extremities. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? Erythema infectiosum Roseola infantum Rubeola Scarlet fever

Roseola infantum (aka sixth disease)

A 12-month-old girl presents to the clinic with a rash that began on the trunk and spread to the face and proximal extremities. Her mother states she had a fever for three days, which abruptly resolved and then the rash developed. Her mother states she has not had any other symptoms. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? Erythema infectiosum Roseola infantum Rubella Scarlet fever

Roseola infantum (HH6)

A woman who is 23 weeks pregnant presents with a low-grade fever and maculopapular rash for the last 3 days. Both symptoms began on the same day, and the rash has spread from her face to her torso. A viral exanthem is suspected. Which of the following viral exanthems is most suspected in this patient and can cause serious birth defects if contracted in pregnancy? Hand, foot, and mouth disease Roseola Rubella Scarlet fever

Rubella

A 4-year-old girl presents with a three day history of malaise, fever of 40o C, cough and coryza. She then developed an erythematous maculopapular rash that started on the face before spreading to the trunk and lower body. Her immunization record shows that aside from an initial dose of hepatitis B vaccine given at delivery, no other vaccinations have been given. On physical examination, the patient is weak-looking and febrile with a generalized maculopapular rash, watery nasal discharge, white pinpoint lesions on bright red mucosa opposite the lower molars, and occasional crackles upon auscultation. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? Fifth disease Rubella Rubeola Sixth disease

Rubeola

A 7-year-old boy presents to the primary care physician with his parents. The parents state that he would not eat this morning and was complaining that it hurt to swallow and to urinate. He has been running a fever for the past week and is up to date on his vaccinations. He has a past medical history of epilepsy and started a new medication, carbamazepine, two weeks ago for seizures. On physical exam there are intraoral hemorrhagic erosions covered with a greyish white membrane on the oral mucosa. There are also lesions surrounding his vermillion border. He has a severe case of conjunctivitis. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? Diphtheria Herpetic gingivostomatitis Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome Stevens-Johnson syndrome

Stevens-Johnson syndrome

A 7-year-old boy presents to the clinic with a hyperkeratotic papule on the dorsal aspect of his right thumb. The lesion has a rough and exophytic appearance on exam. Which of the following additional findings supports the most likely diagnosis? Auspitz sign Central clearing with an active scaly border Nikolsky sign Thrombosed capillaries after paring the lesion

Thrombosed capillaries after paring the lesion (Cutaneous warts)

A 12-year-old girl presents to the clinic with several erythematous circular patches on her back. She says the lesions itch. On exam, the lesions have a raised border with central clearing. Potassium hydroxide preparation shows segmented hyphae. What is the most likely diagnosis? ImpetigoY Nummular eczema Pityriasis rosea Tinea corporis

Tinea corporis

An 18-year-old woman presents to her dermatologist for a consultation. She has been using methotrexate to manage her chronic psoriasis with good results. Currently, about 4%of her body surface area is affected. She is considering pregnancy. Which of the following would be first-line treatment for this patient? Methotrexate Topical corticosteroids Topical tazarotene Ultraviolet B phototherapy

Topical corticosteroids (Psoriasis)

A 3-year-old boy presents to the clinic with a rash isolated to the right side of his face. The lesions began as papules, progressed to pustules, and now have a thick and golden adherent crust. Which of the following is the most appropriate treatment? Oral cephalexin Oral doxycycline Topical clindamycin Topical mupirocin

Topical mupirocin (Impetigo)

A 6-year-old Caucasian boy presents to the clinic with scalp pruritus and excoriations. His brother, who he shares a bed with, has similar symptoms. On exam, there are no areas of hair loss but excoriations are seen on the scalp and neck. There is no purulence. The scalp and adjacent neck are the only body area affected. Which of the following is the best initial pharmacologic treatment for the most likely diagnosis? Oral griseofulvin Oral ivermectin Topical mupirocin Topical permethrin

Topical permethrin (Pediculosis capitis-head lice)

A 12-year-old boy presents with an itchy rash on his hands and wrists. Several of his family members have recently been treated for a similar rash. Physical examination reveals papules and excoriations on his fingers and hands, particularly in the web spaces of his digits. Which of the following is the best pharmacologic treatment for this patient? Oral mebendazole Topical lindane cream Topical permethrin cream Topical triamcinolone cream

Topical permethrin cream (Scabies)

A 7-year-old girl presents to the clinic complaining of intermittent fever and generalized skin lesions. The fever started one to two days before the appearance of skin lesions, which began as tiny papules and progressed rapidly to clear vesicles followed by pustules and scabs. These lesions are widely distributed, but are noted predominantly on the torso. The child's mother does not believe in the benefits of immunization therefore the girl has not received any vaccinations. One of the girl's classmates also had the same manifestations two weeks ago and has been absent from class since then. Which of the following is the most likely etiologic agent? Poison ivy Solenopsis invicta Staphylococcus aureus Varicella zoster virus

Varicella zoster virus

A 6-year-old girl presents to the office with excoriations on her head and neck. Her mother reports it had a sudden onset. She did recently attend a day camp for basketball. On exam she has excoriations on her scalp and on her neck with no signs of infection. There are tiny grey specks the size of sesame seeds that are adherent to the hair strands. There are also smaller specks near the scalp which are lighter in color. Which of the following should be recommended to parents of a child with the suspected diagnosis? Avoid skin-to-skin contact with the patient Clean surfaces with bleach Keep the child out of school until medicated for at least 24 hours Wash clothing and linens in hot water

Wash clothing and linens in hot water (Pediculosis capitis-lice)

An 8-month-old infant with a recent diarrheal illness presents to the clinic with a rash involving the buttocks, proximal thighs, and genitalia. The rash has been present for one day and spares the inguinal folds. Which of the following is the best treatment? Bacitracin ointment Betamethasone dipropionate Clotrimazole cream Zinc oxide barrier paste

Zinc oxide barrier paste (Diaper dermatitis)

A 10-month-old infant presents to the clinic with a rash on the convex surfaces of the buttocks and in the inguinal folds for the past two days. On exam, beefy red plaques,involvement of the skin folds, and satellite papules are seen. Which of the following is the recommended treatment? Hydrocortisone Nystatin Zinc oxide based barrier paste Zinc oxide based barrier paste and nystatin

Zinc oxide based barrier paste and nystatin (Diaper candidiasis)