Dev Psych Final Exam

_____ memories refer to the ability to understand one has a life history or recall past experiences or events.

Autobiographical

Gender schema theory suggests that once children understand their gender label, they:

selectively attend to the activities of their own sex.

All these factors predict plenty of grandparent hands-on involvement EXCEPT:

social class; whether the grandparent is middle or upper class.

Pick the factor that did NOT help to make adolescence a distinct life stage.

High school made teenagers want to rebel.

_____ thrive in the grandparent role.

Highly generative people

Which of the following is NOT an advantage of getting married in the United States?

Married people have higher education levels than unmarried people.

Which person is LEAST likely to identify himself or herself as middle-aged?

Michelle, a 33-year-old mother of five and small-business owner

Which of the following is NOT true about stepfathers' relationships with their stepchildren?

No matter how long a stepfather and stepchild live together, it is unlikely that the stepfather will be seen as a "real" dad.

The name for a system of grammatical rules in language is:

Syntax

Which of the following statements is NOT one of the criticisms made regarding Baumrind's parenting styles framework?

The framework applies only to U.S. poor children.

Why is the crowd the ideal medium to bridge the gap between the sexes?

There is safety in numbers.

Which characteristic is MOST common in teens who cut or self-injure?

They have emotional regulation issues.

What can happen when first-semester college students get their final grades at the end of the semester?

a decline in self-esteem

Humans have _____ compared to other species.

a larger cerebral cortex

In a living will:

a mentally competent person gives instructions about his or her wishes for life-prolonging strategies if he or she is incapable of making those wishes known.

Teens who pursue popularity may experience a drop in their:

academic performance.

Jason, at age 76, needs almost constant care. He can no longer stand without assistance or go to the bathroom by himself. Jason has problems with:

basic ADLs.

In the earliest stage of a major neurocognitive disorder people forget:

basic semantic information such as where they live.

Personality tends to:

be stable through life but may change in the event of a dramatic change.

Which of the following is NOT a general characteristic of a good death?

being alone at the time of death

When asked by researchers, middle-school students said that _____ was their main priority.

being in the "in crowd"

Raedon is in seventh grade. The BEST predictor of his eighth-grade grades is MOST likely his:

best friend's GPA.

When married parents have children from former unions, their family is called a _____ family.

blended

Juanita just received a diagnosis of lung cancer. Her immediate reaction, according to the stage theory of dying, is likely to be:

denial.

According to Marcia's identity statuses framework, a teen experiencing Erikson's role confusion would be labeled:

diffused

Which neurotransmitter has been implicated in ADHD?

dopamine

Research found that high school graduates had shorter telomeres than those who attended college, especially among Black men. This demonstrates that:

education can directly affect the aging process.

Impairments in _____ are prominent in the early stages of a neurocognitive disorder.

executive functions

Becky is in kindergarten and is learning how to write her name. She is developing:

fine motor skills.

About one in _____ marriages in the United States occur between previously divorced partners.

four

A "good death" occurs when a person:

has the sense of having lived fully.

If a child is being bullied, the child's BEST defense is to:

have a strong sense of self-efficacy.

Which factor has NO impact on teenage dieting and body image concerns?

having siblings

The young-old and the old-old differ in:

health and income.

Erikson viewed the main goal of middle childhood as:

industry

According to an international poll, the main thing that makes adolescents feel loved is having parents who:

make sacrifices for them.

A hospice worker would be committed to all the following behaviors EXCEPT:

making sure patients stay in the hospital during their final days.

If a relationship lacks _____, with one partner doing significantly more than the other, the outcome is typically marital dissatisfaction.

marital equity

A divided-attention task involves:

memorizing material while monitoring something else.

The main index that researchers use to measure the secular trend in puberty is when:

menarche occurs.

The two healthy emerging-adult identity statuses are:

moratorium and achievement.

Which of the following is NOT an alternative to institutionalization for a frail elderly person?

nursing homes

The separation of men and women into different kinds of jobs and career paths is called:

occupational segregation.

When infants begin to speak, they use:

phonemes

In Sternberg's framework, intelligence encompasses all these components EXCEPT for _____ abilities.

practical

Professor Stanwyck, a 53-year-old instructor at a community college, is beginning to have problems reading students' papers when the students choose relatively small fonts. Professor Stanwyck is developing:

presbyopia.

Terminally ill patients view _____ of utmost importance during their final days.

preserving the quality of relationships with loved ones

Knowing how to tie shoes is an example of _____ memory.

procedural

The internal and external changes related to physically becoming an adult are called:

puberty

Older and middle-aged women:

report less interest in sex than men.

This occurs when a young person is unable to decide between different identities.

ruminative moratorium

In the United States, to enter a hospice program, one must be:

within 6 months of death.

Basira runs into her old friend Gina from high school. Gina wants to give Basira her phone number but neither woman has a pen. Basira memorizes the number and calls Gina that evening. This means that Basira transferred the phone number from her _____ to more permanent memory storage.

working memory

The group that is MOST vulnerable to suicide is:

widowed men.

Adolescence became a distinct stage of development during the:

1930s

One in _____ U.S. children are being raised by single parents.

4

Middle childhood refers to boys and girls aged:

7-12

Of adolescents who engage in sexual intercourse outside of a committed relationship, _____ percent reported that their partner was someone that they knew well.

75

Dopamine is the neurotransmitter that has been implicated in:

ADHD.

Which statement about school is FALSE?

Many children hate going to kindergarten.

Many teens have _____ career dreams.

unrealistically positive

The devastating condition that hinders theory-of-mind abilities is:

Autism

Statistically, who is likely to live the longest?

Beatrice, a White American affluent retiree

Why does self-esteem decline during elementary school?

Children can realistically compare their abilities to their peers.

What is the middle-childhood psychosocial task, according to Erikson?

Industry

_____ is balancing the needs of the young and the old.

Intergenerational equity

Melinda lives in Canada and has two younger sisters. Grace is the middle child, and Jennifer is the youngest. Which child would be MOST motivated to develop theory-of-mind abilities at the earliest age?

Jennifer

Major academic differences between poor and affluent children arise around what grade level?

Kindergarten

This gives humans the ability to engage in social cognition.

Language

According to _____, we think logically for the first time during _____.

Piaget; concrete operations

Which statement is false?

Rates of teenage sexual intercourse are at an all-time high.

_____ children are frequently named in the most-liked category and never appear in the disliked group. They also stand out as being really liked by everyone.

Rejected

Children who have experienced abuse often have memory failure when it comes to their autobiographical memories. Freud would call this:

Repression

_____ is the type of intimacy that is ideal in love relationships.

Secure attachment

Which of the following is NOT an intervention for age-related hearing losses?

Speak more loudly and with slow, exaggerated pronunciation.

Child art can be wonderful. At age 3, young children often struggle with drawing circles but by the time they are in third grade they can draw people with both bodies and faces. This is an example of the _____ principle.

Speed of maturation

Physician-assisted suicide is a variation on:

active euthanasia.

The controversial idea that society should NOT use costly life-sustaining technologies on old-old people is called:

age-based rationing of care.

What is the neural reason that peoples' executive functions decline with age?

age-related deterioration in the frontal lobes

Who is LEAST likely to be influenced by the media's thin ideal?

an African American girl who does not identify with mainstream Western ideas about beauty

In a society where age is less relevant, social clock norms:

are not rigidly defined.

What is Piaget's term for a young child's tendency to fixate on the MOST striking feature of whatever he or she sees?

centering

Three-year-old children typically have relatively large heads, while 6-year-old children have relatively longer, thin bodies. This difference in physical appearance with age reveals the _______ principle.

cephalocaudal

"It takes a village to raise a child" best references:

collective efficacy.

This trait indicates reliability and self-control.

conscientiousness

Residential complexes for the elderly that provide different levels of services from independent apartments to nursing home care are:

continuing-care retirement communities.

Girls' play often involves:

cooperating and collaborating in small groups.

A major drawback to the U.S. housing alternatives that prevent nursing home admission is their:

cost

This stage of development exists only for a minority of young people, those in the Western world.

emerging adulthood

Generativity is associated with _____ happiness.

eudaimonic

Pick the primary environmental cause of hearing impairment in later life.

exposure to noise

Children with _____ act on their immediate emotions and behave aggressively.

externalizing tendencies

The hormone leptin is sensitive to the amount of _____ in the body.

fat

One reason for recent increases in the median age of the population in the developed world is declining:

fertility rates.

On the Big Five, Gloria ranks high on extraversion. Gloria is:

gregarious, outgoing, and assertive.

Long-term research on adolescents with eating disorders shows that MOST will:

grow out of the disorder.

All are examples of blended families EXCEPT for children living:

in traditional two-parent families.

As women approach menopause, they usually experience:

hot flashes.

Based on the results of the Seattle Longitudinal Study, when is one MOST likely to reach one's intellectual peak?

in the early fifties

Erikson's adult task, which involves connecting with a partner in a mutual loving relationship, is called:

intimacy versus isolation.

Marcia is a 72-year-old woman who chose to never have a child. Based on research cited in the text, Marcia is likely to report being _____ her peers who are parents.

just as happy as

Statistically speaking, full-time working women typically earn _____ full-time working men.

less than

Who tends to get blamed for how children turn out?

mothers

Moving out of a childhood home and living independently is called:

nest-leaving.

In the _____ century people did NOT think that they could do anything to prevent death because they lacked _____.

nineteenth; medical science

All things being equal, who adjusts MOST poorly to being widowed?

old-old people

Sean is 82. Developmentalists classify Sean as:

old-old.

A worker experiences role _____ when that person has too much work to do a good job.

overload

When a person feels guilty, that person is motivated to:

reconnect with others.

The BEST strategy for helping stave off the vascular component of a neurocognitive disorder is to:

regularly exercise.

Life in the Middle Ages was _____, and death was often due to _____.

short; infectious disease

The frontal lobes develop:

slowly; they let people consider options and inhibit immediate responses.

Juanita has been diagnosed with colon cancer in its advanced stage. Which dying pathway is she likely to take?

steady decline

The initial _____ phase of Murstein's mate-selection theory involves viewing a potential partner based on external attributes such as looks and style of dress.

stimulus

This is G. Stanley Hall's phrase for the intense moodiness, emotional sensitivity, and risk-taking tendencies that characterize adolescence.

storm and stress

High-quality parenting is especially vital with:

temperamentally at-risk children.

What programs one's first sexual feelings?

the adrenal androgens

Parent care refers to adults caring for:

their disabled elderly parents.

Ernest's fluid intelligence is at its peak. Ernest is in his:

twenties

Because of the developing cerebral cortex and frontal lobe, humans are NOT cognitively adults until their:

twenties.

What is the MOST common sexual result of menopause?

uncomfortable intercourse due to changes in the vagina

Which of the following activities relies predominantly on crystallized intelligence?

writing nonfiction