Development Psy

The concrete operational stage of cognitive development, which is marked by logical thinking about objects and events, begins at about _____ and lasts until about _____.

6 years; 11 years of age

At about _____ months, babies can pull themselves to a stand.

6-10

Which hypothesis is MOST reasonable given the differences in attachment style among U.S., German, and Japanese infants?

Ambivalent attachment is more prevalent in collectivist than in individualistic cultures.

Schemas

Concepts or mental frameworks that organize and interpret information.

The second and third trimesters of pregnancy occur entirely within the _____ period of prenatal development

Fetal

Nadine hears a television talk-show guest remark that "A baby's mother provides it with food, and that's the basis for attachment." Nadine immediately realizes that this statement is FALSE, because she is familiar with:

Harlow's work with monkeys.

With respect to the study of social development, duckling is to infant monkey as _____ is to _____.

Konrad Lorenz; Harry Harlow

_____ allow(s) young children to learn more from mature humans during social interaction and develop(s) sometime around their first birthday.

Social referencing and joint attention both

Which concept does a child need to comprehend to understand that different people sometimes have different beliefs?

Theory of Mind

Which statement is evidence that newborns attend to social stimuli?

They both follow faces more closely than nonfacial stimuli and mimic other faces.

Can babies control the movement of their heads before their legs?

Yes, this follows the cephalocaudal rule.

Dr. Joachim warned a pregnant patient that her recreational use of a particular drug might cause harm to her fetus. The drug would be classified as:

a teratogen

In Japan, children are MORE likely to have a(n) _____ attachment style than an avoidant attachment style.

ambivalent

Rhesus monkeys who are socially isolated:

are incapable of communication with or learning from others of their kind.

Tom rarely acts nervous in unfamiliar situations and pays little attention to whether his mother is present or absent. Tom would MOST likely be classified as having a(n) _____ attachment style.

avoidant

Marjorie has just completed an introductory course in psychology at a local community college. She would like to take another psychology course next semester. The college offers courses in developmental psychology, social psychology, personality psychology, and industrial-organizational psychology. Marjorie is especially interested in how people change across the life span. Based on this information, Marjorie should consider the course in _____ psychology MOST strongly.

developmental

Research on how people change physically, mentally, and socially across the life span is MOST often conducted by _____ psychologists.

developmental

If a researcher hides an object, a child who has not developed object permanence would:

find another object to play with.

Four-month-old Stacy realizes her mother is moving away from her. Stacy would MOST likely _____ to get her mother to come back to her.

gurgle

Albert is afraid of punishment. He will avoid anything that will get him in any sort of trouble. When his underage friends ask him to drink, he tells them that:

he will not drink because he does not want to get caught.

Reflexes such as rooting and sucking seem to disappear in the first few months of life, as children:

learn to execute more sophisticated motor behavior.

One would place on object on a baby's cheek if one wanted the baby to _____ the object.

move their mouth toward

Moral reasoning is defined by ethical principles at the _____ stage in Kohlberg's theory.

postconventional

Josetta really wants to have a cookie before dinner. She knows that she will get in trouble if she does, so she does not take the cookie. Josetta is MOST likely in which stage of moral reasoning according to Lawrence Kohlberg?

preconventional

Findings from Harry Harlow's experiments with rhesus monkeys suggest that:

providing both food and a safe, warm environment with a nurturing primary caregiver is necessary for normal development.

The _____ rule describes the tendency for motor skills to emerge in sequence from the center to the periphery.

proximodistal

With respect to Jean Piaget's view of moral development, which term describes the moral thinking of younger children?

realism

With respect to Jean Piaget's view of moral development, which term describes the moral thinking of older children?

relativism

The melody of a newborn's cry tends to

rise and fall according to the mother's native language.

Baby Hannah automatically turns her head in the direction of a touch on her cheek. This is the _____ reflex; it helps an infant _____.

rooting; locate food

Fifteen-month-old Harris cried when his mother left him with his grandmother. However, when his mother came back, Harris seemed fine, and smiled at his mother when she came in the door. According to attachment theorists, Harris has a(n) _____ attachment style.

secure

The MOST prevalent attachment style among U.S. infants is the _____ attachment style.

secure

Infants who are beginning to construct schemas are in which stage of cognitive development according to Jean Piaget?

sensorimotor

Which term is used to describe a child's tendency toward fearfulness, activity, and positive affect?

temperament

According to Jean Piaget's theories on moral development, when children move from prescriptions to principles, they move from:

using guidelines for specific actions in specific situations to using general principles that can be modified or discarded.