Developmental Psych Exam 1 Chapter 7

"g"

Charles Spearman's term for a general intelligence factor that he claimed underlies all cognitive activities. Some psychologists think that it does not because IQ only matches intelligence, not ability to work, etc.

What impact does divorce have on children?

Children are at a disadvantage academically, socially, and in terms of mental health. Moving an infant child from house to house predicted greater attachment insecurity.

Mentally retarded

Having an Iq of 70 or below

Gardner's multiple intelligences

In Howard Gardner's perspective on intelligence, the principle that there are eight separate kinds of intelligence—verbal, mathematical, interpersonal, intrapersonal, spatial, musical, kinesthetic, and naturalist—plus a possible ninth form, called spiritual intelligence.

Practical intelligence

In Robert Sternberg's framework on successful intelligence, the facet of intelligence involved in knowing how to act competently in real-world situations.

Creative intelligence

In Robert Sternberg's framework on successful intelligence, the facet of intelligence involved in producing novel ideas or innovative work.

Analytic intelligence

In Robert Sternberg's framework on successful intelligence, the facet of intelligence involving performing well on academic-type problems.

Successfully intelligent

In Robert Sternberg's framework, the optimal form of cognition involving having a good balance of analytic, creative, and practical intelligence.

Permissive parents

In the parenting-styles framework, a type of child-rearing in which parents provide few rules but rank high on child-centeredness, being extremely loving but providing little discipline.

Authoritarian parents

In the parenting-styles framework, a type of child-rearing in which parents provide plenty of rules but rank low on child-centeredness, stressing unquestioning obedience.

Authoritative parents

In the parenting-styles framework, the best possible child-rearing style, in which parents rank high on both nurturance and discipline, providing both love and clear family rules.

Rejecting-neglecting parents

In the parenting-styles framework, the worst child-rearing approach, in which parents provide little discipline and little nurturing or love.

What do developmentalists advise re. Spanking?

Not good - believe hitting a child conveys the messages that it is acceptable for big people to give small people pain and that it impairs prosocial behavior because it gets children to only focus on themselves. Others think it is ok sometimes, such as using it as a last resort but with an explanation, but never hit an infant

Baumrind's four parenting styles

authoritative, authoritarian, permissive, rejecting-neglecting

Do IQ scores predict real-world outcomes?

Spearman believed that IQ test scores reflect a general, underlying all-encompassing intelligence factor called "g"

Intrinsic motivation

The drive to act based on the pleasure of taking that action in itself, not for an external reinforcer or reward.

Extrinsic motivation

The drive to take an action because that activity offers external reinforcers such as praise, money, or a good grade.

Learning disabled

The label for significantly impaired cognitive functioning, measured by deficits in behavior accompanied by having an IQ of 70 or below.

Gifted

The label for superior intellectual functioning characterized by an IQ score of 130 or above, showing that a child ranks in the top 2 percent of his age group.

Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC)

The standard intelligence test used in childhood, consisting of different scales composing a variety of subtests.. It tells us their IQ is different subjects (verbal comprehension, perceptual reasoning, processing speed, and working memory index)

Sternberg's triarchic theory and what it means to be "successfully intelligent"

analytic, creative, and practical intelligence

Cultural variations of parenting styles

Western middle-class - structure is vital, but love and listening to our children is vital. Korea, china, latinos, african americans - more authoritarian

What are the risk factors for child abuse?

Parents' personality problems; Life stress accompanied by social isolation for the parents; Children's vulnerabilities