developmental psych test #3

_____ is the most common chronic disorder in late adulthood.

Arthritis

Which of the following is a major difference between Levinson's and Valliant's views on midlife?

Unlike Levinson, Valliant maintains that only a minority of adults experience a midlife crisis.

According to research, which of the following statements about widows is true?

Volunteering reduces widowed older adults' loneliness

Abdiel has three children. According to Erikson, he has achieved

biological generativity

Which of the following is a reason for the decrease in height with age advancement?

bone loss in the vertebrae

Which of the following is/are an example of a fatal chronic disorder?

cardiovascular disease

The decline in visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, and depth perception has recently been associated with

cognitive decline in older adults

Diana is fun-loving, sociable, and affectionate with all her friends and acquaintances. Identify the Big Five personality factor that describes this aspect of Diana's personality.

extraversion

Identify the Big Five personality factor that describes whether an individual is fun-loving or somber.

extraversion

According to George Vaillant's longitudinal studies, _____ in middle age was more strongly related than intimacy to whether individuals would have an enduring and happy marriage at 75 to 80 years of age.

generativity

According to socioemotional selectivity theory, individuals are motivated by two types of goals: emotional and

knowledge-related

A(n) _____ refers to a legal document that reflects the patient's advance care planning.

living will

Identify the personality traits in the Big Five factors of personality that are associated with more difficulty with the cognitive control processes needed to engage in goal-directed behavior.

low conscientiousness and extraversion, and high neuroticism

Martha, who is 80 years old, has recently been diagnosed with lung cancer. Over the last few weeks, her pain has increased tremendously. Her doctor is trying his best to cure her illness, but the cancer cells have spread and chemotherapy is taking a toll on Martha's overall health. Considering her age, Martha is reluctant to be admitted in the hospital for long, as she wants to die peacefully surrounded by her family. She has been advised by her family to consider hospice, as it would

make the end of her life as free from pain and anxiety as possible

An increasing problem in middle and late adulthood is _____, a condition characterized by hypertension, obesity, and insulin resistance.

metabolic syndrome

According to the Seattle Longitudinal Study, which of the following abilities showed signs of early decline?

perceptual speed

Middle-aged Americans agree that a major component of their well-being involves

positive relationships

Which of the following was considered to be a clear sign of death in the past?

rigor mortis

Helen's knowledge of calculus and statistics is part of her _____ memory.

semantic

Toby is a computer programmer who has a passion for creating 3D games. He has the ability to visualize three-dimensional objects and mentally rotate them, which helps him put his ideas and drawings into virtual reality. In the context of the Seattle Longitudinal Study, Toby's mental ability is referred to as

spatial orientation

Alice, Jane, Lois, and Sandra have been friends since grade school. Over the years, they have supported each other and shared in each other's joys and sadness. Which model of social relations does this scenario represent?

the convoy model

According to current projections, what is the expected number of U.S. centenarians by the year 2060?

589,000

Aaron is a healthy, 65-year-old man. Compared with his 24-year-old son Harry, Aaron has much less brain volume. Which of the following is most likely the reason for this difference?

Aaron is experiencing shrinkage of neurons

_____ can be used to avoid the destructive impact of shock by delaying the necessity of dealing with one's death.

Denial

Which of the following is true of the influence of education on the cognitive functioning of older adults?

For older adults with less education, frequently engaging in cognitive activities improves their episodic memory.

Meghan is showing initial signs of menopause. She decides to research online about menopause and familiarize herself with the causes, symptoms, and treatments related to this process. After reading about treatment plans and other details online, she decides that she will not opt for hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Which of the following is an accurate statement that favors Meghan's decision to forego HRT?

HRT is less favorable for women who are more than 10 or more years from menopausal onset because of the greater risk for cardiovascular disease.

Which of the following is true of socioemotional selectivity theory?

It challenges the stereotype that the majority of older adults are in emotional despair because of their social isolation.

Which of the following statements is true of sibling relationships?

It is rare for sibling closeness to develop for the first time in adulthood

_____ adulthood is the developmental period that begins at approximately 40 to 45 years of age and extends to about 60 to 65 years of age.

Middle

Identify a true statement about trends in the contexts in which people choose to die in the United States.

Most dying individuals want an opportunity to make some decisions regarding their own life and death.

In the context of socioemotional selectivity theory, which of the following statements is true according to studies on the emotional life of older adults?

Older adults focus less on negative events in their past than younger adults do.

Defects in mitochondria are linked with

Parkinson disease

Which of the following statements is true of intergenerational relationships?

Similarities between parents and an adult child are most noticeable in religion and politics.

Which of the following statements is true of the changing historical circumstances involving death in the United States?

The care of a dying older person has shifted away from the family

In the context of work and aging, which of the following statements is true of older adults?

When older adults engage in complex working tasks and challenging daily work activities, their cognitive functioning shows less age-related decline.

Which of the following statements is true of spirituality?

Women have consistently shown a stronger interest in religion and spirituality than men have.

In a recent study of adults 50 years of age and older, which of the following was found to be associated with increased depressive symptoms and decreased quality of life?

a past-year decline in sexual desire or frequency of sexual activities

Which of the following is Kübler-Ross' fifth stage of dying?

acceptance

Terry is in the final stages of skin cancer, a condition that causes her severe pain and discomfort. At Terry's insistence and her family's approval, her doctor agrees to end her pain by administering a lethal dose of a drug. This is an example of _____ euthanasia.

active

Olivia believes that the more dynamic and involved older adults are, the more likely they are to be satisfied with their lives. Thus, she believes in

activity theory

Prejudice against others because of their age, especially prejudice against older adults, is known as

ageism

Researchers have found that relationships between aging parents and their children are characterized by

ambivalence

An advance directive, such as a living will, must be signed when

an individual is able to think clearly

All of the following have been offered as plausible explanations for the "Latino Health Paradox," EXCEPT

balanced diets

According to Levinson, the transition to middle adulthood requires the adult male to come to grips with four major conflicts. One of the major conflicts is

being destructive versus being constructive

Researchers have extended the life of a human cell by

injecting it with telomerase

According to Erik Erikson, what is the last stage of development in life?

integrity versus despair

James is in his mid-forties and has little time to exercise, as he runs a business. However, he knows that he should focus more on his health, eat healthy meals at regular intervals, and exercise as often as he can. One of the age-related conditions that James is most likely to face at his age is

joint stiffness

According to aging expert Laura Carstensen, who among the following tend to experience less intense positive emotions with new friends and equal levels of positive emotions with established friends?

older adults

Jacqueline nurtures and guides her adopted children. According to Erik Erikson, she has achieved _____ generativity.

parental