DHN 101 Chapter 20

Ready-to-use therapeutic foods are typically pastes that are high in carbohydrates and low in protein and fat. They are often distributed in bulk containers to fight hunger in communities in need.

false

true or false: Compared to their food-secure counterparts, food insecure college students report lower levels of stress, better sleep quality, and higher GPA's.

false

nonprofit organization that acts as distribution center for surplus food

food bank

An area in which a large population of residents experience difficulty in obtaining nutritious food is called a

food desert

All of the following are consequences of undernutrition early in life except ________.

improved cognitive ability

Most food assistance programs use ? to determine eligibility for obtaining assistance

income

There are several food assistance programs available in the United States for different populations. Most programs use _____ to determine eligibility for the program.

income

The only micronutrient deficiency common in developed countries is

iron

Which of the following vitamins or minerals is one of the four leading micronutrient deficiencies worldwide?

iron

Reduced nutritional quality of the diet due to a limited ability to purchase enough nutrient-dense food:

low food security

Undernutrition and overnutrition can lead to

malnutrition

The program in which volunteers deliver meals prepared at a community site to home-bound individuals is

meals on wheels

Stunting in a pregnant woman can increase the

need for a caesarian delivery

The school food program that reimburses schools for providing a nutritious morning meal to eligible low-income children is called the

school breakfast program

The volunteers in this photo are providing a free prepared meal to those in their community experiencing hunger. This is an example of a ______.

soup kitchen

prepared meals are served to people who are hungry

soup kitchen

The global food aid program that strives to save and improve children's lives by providing health care, immunizations, clean water and emergency relief is

the united nations children's fund

true or false: Unlike sustainable agriculture, conventional agriculture requires a lot of pesticides and water, increases global warming, and has more damages and impact on the environment and ecosystems.

true

A(an) _________ can increase the negative effects of undernutrition in older adults.

weakened immune system

The mineral which contributes to normal sexual maturation in adolescents is

zinc

Locations in America where people are more likely to be food insecure include

- Arkansas - Alabama - Texas

School Food Programs that provide nourishing foods to children include the

- Summer Food Service Program - National School Lunch program - school breakfast program

For the fortification of foods to be successful at preventing and treating undernutrition, selected foods should be

- commonly consumed - inexpensive

Physiological roles for zinc include

- contributing to normal sexual maturation - preventing stunted growth during development - stimulating immunity

Pregnant women with a history of chronic undernutrition are more likely to die due to complication during delivery because of

- stunting - iron deficiency anemia

Biotechnology in agriculture has led to the development of crops

- that are drought tolerant - that supply higher yields - that are nutritionally enhanced

Global food aid programs that attempt to reduce undernutrition include the ______.

- united nations children fund (UNICHEF) - global alliance for improved nutrition - catholic relief agencies

In 2019, which of the following countries had the highest under-5 mortality rate?

Sierra Leone

nonprofit service that provides food to people in need

food pantry

nonprofit the provides food to people in need

food pantry

The state when a person is able to include a variety of nutritious foods in their diet without relying on any assistance is called Multiple choice question.

food security

________ is a farming method that does not deplete natural resources or harm the environment while meeting the demand for food.

sustainable agriculture

The measurement used to evaluate the health of infants and young children from a global perspective is the

under-5 mortality rate

Americans more likely to be food insecure include

- households with children - households that live well below the poverty threshold - hispanic families

Poor nutrition during pregnancy may increase the risk for diseases such as _________ later in life.

- hypertension - schizophrenia - obesity

Undernutrition can be very harmful when it occurs during

- infancy - pregnancy - childhood

Click to select sustainable agricultural practices that can help to meet global food demands while minimizing the impact on the environment.

- irrigate crops at the base of the plant rather than spraying water into the air. - rotate crops each growing season to avoid depleting the soil of nutrients. - planting cover crops between seasons to prevent soil erosion.

Undernutrition among older adults increases

- longer hospitalizations - the incidence of death - the risk of acute illness

The Special Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program for Women, Infants and Children provide

- nutrition education - checks and vouchers to purchase specific foods - breastfeeding support

The image above shows a person scraping leftover food from their plate into the trash can. Which of the following statements about food waste are true? Check all that apply.

- per capita, food waste is greater in the United States as compared to South and Southeast Asia. - Storing foods properly can help to reduce food waste. - Fruits and vegetables are wasted at the highest rates

Which of the following population groups are at risk of undernutrition due to their elevated nutrient needs?

- pregnant women - preschool children - infants

Lack of vitamin A is the leading cause of childhood

- xerophthalmia - blindness

The ________ provides low-income elderly persons with nutritious USDA foods to supplement their diets.

Commodity Supplemental Food Program

If you are undernourished during pregnancy, you are more likely to deliver

a low-birthweight baby

Plant and animal products that have been genetically altered are referred to as

genetically modified organisms

The deficiency of which mineral during pregnancy can result in the birth of a child with cretinism?

iodine

Cretinism is due to a maternal ________.

iodine deficiency

The most common mineral deficiency worldwide is

iron

Lucia is a single mother to two young children. She works full-time at a department store while her children are cared for by their grandparents. Money is a constant worry. However, while Lucia worries every month about having money to purchase enough food, so far she and her children have not had to change their food intake significantly. Lucia is experiencing ________.

marginal food security

Some anxiety over the ability to purchase enough food, but minimal changes in the quality or quantity of food intake:

marginal food security

What program provides financial assistance for nonprofit programs to provide free meals to adults 60 years of age and older?

older americans act nutrition program

Globally, approximately _______ of the food produced for human consumption is lost or wasted.

one-third

Currently, more people suffer from ________ than from _________.

overnutrition, undernutrition

Which of the following factors does NOT typically contribute to undernutrition?

physical inactivity

The leading risk factor for undernutrition in both developed and developing countries is

poverty

_________ is the leading risk factor for undernutrition in countries around the world.

poverty

A person with access to healthy food all the time is food ?, whereas a person who fears running out of food is food ?

security; insecurity

A location where free prepared meals are provided to those in need is called a

soup kitchen

The statistic that describes the number of newborns in a population, per 1000 live births, who are likely to die before they reach the age of 5 years is called the ? mortality rate

under 5

Chronic undernutrition ________ the body's immune system.

depresses

distribution center for surplus food

food bank

establishment where prepared meals are provided to people in need

soup kitchen

Albert has come into hard times after recently losing his job. With little money saved, Albert has had to significantly reduce both the quality and quantity of his diet due to his inability to purchase enough food. Albert is experiencing ________.

very low food security

Reductions in both the quality and quantity of the diet due to an inability to purchase enough food:

very low food security

In general, conventional farming requires considerable amounts of

- pesticides - water

Chronic undernutriion can result in

- stunting - compromised reproductive health

Examples of foods that are frequently fortified to combat undernutrition include

- cereals - vegetable oils - wheat flour

Different forms of biotechnology used in agriculture include

- cross breeding of plants - genetic engineering

Choose the agencies that provide food assistance programs in the United States.

- department of health and human services - non-profit agencies - food and nutrition services

From the list below, click to select the four leading micronutrient deficiencies in the world.

- vitamin A - iodine - zinc - iron

The most common symptom of an iodine deficiency in an adult is a(n)

goiter

Sustainable agriculture involves farming methods that

- do not harm the environment - do not deplete natural resources - meet the demand for more food

Which of the following statements about the under-5 mortality rates is true?

all of these choices are correct

Physiological changes in older adults that may make them more susceptible to chronic undernutrition include

- impaired digestion - decreased muscle mass - impaired absorption

The USDA defines food deserts as areas with many low-income people

- in urban areas living further than 1 mile away from a grocery store - in rural areas living more than 10 miles away from a grocery store

Many of the major genetically modified crops grown worldwide are modified to be tolerant to

herbicides

No concerns or problems with purchasing enough food:

high food security

The federal program that provides funds to purchase foods for pregnant, breastfeeding or postpartum woman, infants and children less than 5 years of age is the

special supplemental nutrition assistance program for women, infants, and children

The use of farming methods that meet the demand for more food without depleting natural resources and harming the environment is called

sustainable agriculture

A deficiency of ______ contributes to a weakened immune system that cannot effectively combat infectious disease.

vitamin A

Globally, micronutrients that are identified as top public health concerns include ______.

- iodine - zinc - iron - vitamin A

Sabita is a new mother living in a poor village in Nepal. She is receiving some conflicting information from her mother-in-law, who says that formula feeding her baby is superior to breastfeeding. The Female Community Health Volunteer in her village says that breastfeeding is superior to formula feeding. Which of the following statements are true? Check all that apply.

- the water supply used to mix formula powder may not be safe, whereas human milk is more hygenic - breast milk contains immune factors that are not available in formula - some poor families over dilute or use too little of the expensive formula to meet the growing baby's needs

Examples of ways that conventional farming methods can sometimes damage natural resources include:

- water run-off from farms can carry pesticides that pollute waterways - water run-off from farms can carry topsoil with it - the release of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane may contribute to global warming

The leading causes of global micronutrient deficiencies are

- a lack of dietary variety - the lack of nutrient dense foods

Golden rice ________.

all of these choices are correct

Which of the following are characteristics of food deserts?

all of these choices are correct

In many developing countries, micronutrient deficiency and malnutrition feed and are fed by the cycle of poverty. Put the events of the lives of one Nepali family affected by malnutrition and iron deficiency in order as they occur throughout the life cycle.

1) Sabita is malnourished and has iron-deficiency anemia during her pregnancy. 2) Sabita gives birth early to Anise, a low-birthweight baby boy who does not receive the fetal Iron stores usually transferred at the end of a healthy pregnancy. 3) Sabita breastfeeds Anise, but her compromised nutrition status results in insufficient milk production for her baby. 4) Sabita's malnourished state does not provide the hormonal benefits of exclusive breastfeeding Anise, and she becomes pregnant again when Anise is one month old. 5) Sabita gives birth to a second child, a baby girl, she begins breastfeeding her while Anise is weaned off of breastmilk and into a high-starch, low-protein rice diet that is inappropriate for a child of 10 months. 6) When Anise is 5 years old, he begins attending school; his cognitive development is delayed by iron-deficiency anemia and he performs poorly in school. 7) Sabita's husband leaves the village to join the army fighting insurgent forces and so Sabita has no choice but to make Anise leave school to help the family in their farming business. 8) Anise's growth is stunted by malnutrition and his work output is compromised by iron-deficiency anemia; he himself grows up to be a malnourished adult, refeeding the cycle of poverty in his community.

Indicate whether the individuals described below are experiencing high, marginal, low, or very low food security.

Very low food security: Zane tries to stretch his food budget by buying inexpensive foods that fill him up, such as ramen noodles and boxed macaroni and cheese. he can rarely afford to purchase fresh meat or produce. by the end of the month, he relies on one meal per day from a local soup kitchen. Low food security: Farah knows that her kids need to eat more fruits and vegetables, but they have ravenous appetites and these low-calorie foods don't satisfy them for long. she chooses to spend her limited food budget on foods that fill them up, like cheeseburgers and fries from the value menu. Marginal Food Security: Don and Mary live paycheck to paycheck. Most months, they have enough money to cover the rent, utilities, and groceries. However, they are getting older, and they worry that a big medical expense would limit their ability to put food on the table. High Food Security: Javier and Nancy are middle-aged, middle-income homeowners. They have enough money for the mortgage, utilities, groceries, and savings. They have no worries about finding and eating nutritious foods.

________ is the use of living organisms to produce new products.

biotechnology