DHN 212 CHP 9

Vitamins provide ________ kilocalories per gram

0

About 10% of the body's supply of menaquinone (vitamin K2) is supplied by ______.

intestinal bacteria

Children with leg bones that bow under the weight of carrying the upper part of the body is a sign of ______________, a disease resulting from vitamin D deficiency

rickets

Vitamin E protects the polyunsaturated fatty acids that are located in cell membranes from being damaged by ____________ ___________

free radicals

What roles does vitamin A play in the body?

-Cell production -Formation of epithelial cells -Cell growth

Best ways to preserve the content of water-soluble vitamins in food.

-Cooking vegetables in small amounts of water -Cooking fruits and vegetables in their skins -Consuming fruits and vegetables with their skins

Factors associated with low vitamin D status include:

-Excess body fat -Screentime more than 4 hours daily -Drinking milk less than once a week

Where does the healthy body store vitamin E?

-Fat -Skeletal muscle -Liver

What foods are major sources of vitamin K?

-Green leafy vegetables -Margarine and salad dressing -Soybean and canola oils

Vitamin K deficiency can commonly develop in people who _____________

-Have liver disease -Have a condition that impairs fat absorption -Have cystic fibrosis

What foods are good sources of vitamin D?

-Herring -Salmon -Milk

True statements about vitamins:

-Most commonly eaten foods do not contain toxic levels of vitamins -Taking a "once daily" multivitamin is unlikely to produce toxic effects in adults -Toxicity is more likely to occur when taking excessive amounts of vitamin supplements

What are some signs and symptoms of rickets? (bow legs)

-Muscle pain -Soft bones -Misshapen bones

Which group of people are most at risk for developing a vitamin A deficiency?

-Preschoolers who don't eat vegetables -Older adults -People with fat malabsorption

Vitamin E functions to:

-Protect polyunsaturated fatty acids in cell membranes -Maintain nervous tissue -Maintain immune system function

What increases a person's risk for vitamin toxicity?

-Taking a megadose of a vitamin -Consuming large amounts of vitamin-fortified foods

What criteria must a nutrient meet to be classified as a vitamin?

-The body cannot synthesize the compound or make enough to maintain good health (it is an essential nutrient) -The compound naturally occurs in commonly eaten foods. -Signs and symptoms of a health problem occur if the nutrient is missing from the diet.

True statements about vitamin D

-Vitamin D is considered a hormone -Vitamin D is not considered an essential nutrient -Calciferol comes from plant and animal sources

According to a nationwide survey, approximately __________% of American adults had low blood levels of vitamin D

50

Vitamin ________ participates in the development of epithelial cells, the production of white blood cells, and bone growth. n

A

Which vitamins are fat-soluble vitamins?

A, D, E, K

Function of vitamin D

Absorption of calcium and phosphorus, maintenance of normal blood calcium calcification of bone, and maintenance of immune function.

Function of vitamin E

Antioxidant

_______________ _____________ is a condition that results in the overproduction of mucus that negatively affects the lungs, pancreas, liver, intestines, sinuses, and sexual organs.

Cystic Fibrosis

Why is a vitamin E deficiency rare?

Because the healthy body stores the vitamin in body fat, skeletal muscle, and the liver

What is the primary function of vitamin K?

Blood clotting

The yellow-orange pigments in fruits and vegetables are called ___________

Carotenoids

What is found only in plants?

Carotenoids

Who is least at risk for developing a vitamin A deficiency?

Children who like vegetables

Dark green fruits and vegetables that contain carotenoids are not yellow-orange in color because of the presence of ______________

Chlorophyll

Which of the following foods would NOT be a good source of vitamin D?

Cucumbers

Vitamin ________ is necessary for the metabolism of the minerals calcium and phosphorus and the production and maintenance of healthy bones

D

T or F: Clinical studies have provided support for taking vitamin A or beta-carotene supplements to reduce the risk of CVD

F

Long-term studies _____________ in showing that high intakes of vitamin E consistently reduced the risk of chronic disease

Failed

T or F: vitamin E supplements have been shown to reduce the risk of chronic diseases

False

What is true about vitamin K?

Green leafy vegetables are good food sources

Where is most vitamin A in the body stored?

LIVER

Function of vitamin A

Normal vision and reproduction, cellular growth, and immune system function

Vitamin D comes from both plant and animal food sources, the ____________ form of vitamin D is called ergocalciferol

Plant

Function of vitamin K

Production of active blood clotting factors, prevention of soft tissue calcification

Vitamin K deficiency may develop in individuals on long-term antibiotic therapy because such therapy can ___________ the number of bacteria in the colon that synthesize the vitamin naturally.

Reduce

Several studies have displayed a relationship with vitamin K intake and _____________ risk of osteoporosis

Reduced

The __________ ____________ is the primary site of vitamin absorption

Small Intestine

What is the primary site of vitamin absorption?

Small intestine

Which foods are good sources of vitamin E?

Sunflower seeds and plant oils.

T or F: a nutritionally adequate diet can supply vitamins that last for days and even years

T

How do vitamins participate in energy production?

They participate in the chemical reactions that produce energy

T or F: If left untreated, children with cystic fibrosis usually experience delayed growth and malnutrition

True

Vitamin is a term created from _________ meaning necessary for life and __________ meaning containing nitrogen.

Vita, Amine

What is a complex organic compound that regulates certain metabolic processes in the body?

Vitamin

What vitamin is found in plant and animal food sources but can also be synthesized by bacteria in the intestinal tract

Vitamin K

Which fat-soluble vitamin is involved in the production of active blood clotting factors?

Vitamin K

Which roles does vitamin D play in the body?

-Assists with the absorption of calcium -Maintains phosphorus levels in blood -Maintenance of bones -Production of bones

Why is it not necessary to consume 100% of every vitamin each day?

-Body cells can store vitamins to some extent -Your body can synthesize vitamin D -Bacteria in your lower intestinal tract can produce certain vitamins.

Vitamin A is transported in the blood bound to ____________ _____________ ____________ (RBP)

Retinol-binding protein