Diabetes Final Health Promotions

Laboratory studies indicate a client's blood glucose level is 185 mg/dl. Two hours have passed since the client ate breakfast. Which test would yield the most conclusive diagnostic information about the client's glucose use?

Serum glycosylated hemoglobin (Hb A1c)

A client with diabetes mellitus receiving an oral anti diabetic agent. The nurse observes for which symptom when caring for this client?

Hypoglycemia

Which information should be included in the teaching plan for a client receiving glargine, a "peakless" basal insulin

-DO NOT MIX WTH OTHER INSULINS

Which type of insulin acts most quickly?

-lispro -NPH -glargine -regular

A hospitalized, insulin-dependent patient with diabetes has been experiencing morning hyperglycemia. The patient will be awakened once or twice during the night to test blood glucose levels. The health care provider suspects that the cause is related to the Somogyi effect. Which of the following indicators support this diagnosis? Select all that apply. -normal bedtime glucose -elevated blood glucose at bedtime -decrease in blood sugar to hypoglycemic level between 2:00 and 3:00 AM -increase in blood glucose from 3:00am until breakfast -rise in blood glucose about 3:00 AM

-normal bedtime glucose -increase in blood glucose from 3:00 aM until breakfast -DECREASED in blood sugar to hypoglycemic level between 2:00AM -3:00AM

What is the Somogi effect?

-patient goes to bed with a normal glucose -between 2-3 AM the patient becomes HYPOglycemic -from 3 AM until breakfast, they HYPERglycemic

How often should a patient with diabetes mellitus exercise?

At least three times a week

Which clinical characteristic is associated with type 2 diabetes (previously referred to as non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus)? —ketosis -islet cell antibodies -thin figure -blood glucose can be control

Blood glucose can be controlled by exercise and diet

A client is admitted with hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome (HHNS). Which laboratory finding should the nurse expect in this client? - blood glucose level 1,100 mg/dL -arterial pH 7.25 -Plasma bicarbonate 12 mEq/L -BLOOD urea nitrogen of 15 mg/dl

Blood glucose level 1,100 mg/dl

What symptoms are most likely to accompany high blood glucose

Rapid, thready pulse

client with status asthmaticus requires endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation. Twenty-four hours after intubation, the client is started on the insulin infusion protocol. The nurse must monitor the client's blood glucose levels hourly and watch for which early signs and symptoms associated with hypoglycemia?

Sweating, tremors, and tachycardia Explanation: Sweating, tremors, and tachycardia, thirst, and anxiety are early signs of hypoglycemia. Dry skin, bradycardia, and somnolence are signs and symptoms associated with hypothyroidism. Polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia are signs and symptoms of diabetes mellitus.

The pancreas continues to release a small amount of basal insulin overnight, while a person is sleeping. The nurse knows that if the body needs more sugar:

The pancreatic hormone glucagon will stimulate the liver to release stored glucose

nurse is providing dietary instructions to a client with hypoglycemia. To control hypoglycemic episodes, the nurse should recommend:

consuming a low-carbohydrate, high-protein diet and avoiding fasting.

Which clinical characteristic is associated with type 2 diabetes (previously referred to as non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

—ketosis -islet cell antibodies -thin figure -blood glucose can be controlled through diet and exercise

In hyperosmolar hyperglycemia nonketotic syndrome (HHNS), what would their blood glucose present as?

600 mg/dL or greater Rationale: occurs most frequently in the older population. Most likely to occur with type 2 diabetes. Glucose levels rises in response to illness or infection.

Which combination of adverse effects should a nurse monitor for when administering IV insulin to a client with diabetic ketoacidosis?

Hypokalemia and hypoglycemia