Diabetes Prep U
A client has been recently diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, and reports continued weight loss despite increased hunger and food consumption. This condition is called: A. polyphagia. B. polydipsia. C. polyuria. D. anorexia.
A
A nurse is teaching a client with type 1 diabetes how to treat adverse reactions to insulin. To reverse hypoglycemia, the client ideally should ingest an oral carbohydrate. However, this treatment isn't always possible or safe. Therefore, the nurse should advise the client to keep which alternate treatment on hand? A. Epinephrine B. Glucagon C. 50% dextrose D. Hydrocortisone
B
A nurse is caring for a client with type 1 diabetes who exhibits confusion, light-headedness, and aberrant behavior. The client is conscious. The nurse should first administer: A. I.M. or subcutaneous glucagon. B. I.V. bolus of dextrose 50%. C. 15 to 20 g of a fast-acting carbohydrate such as orange juice. D. 10 units of fast-acting insulin.
C
A client is diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. Which assessment finding best supports a nursing diagnosis of Ineffective coping related to diabetes mellitus? A. Recent weight gain of 20 lb (9.1 kg) B. Failure to monitor blood glucose levels C. Skipping insulin doses during illness D. Crying whenever diabetes is mentioned
D
A nurse educates a group of clients with diabetes mellitus on the prevention of diabetic nephropathy. Which of the following suggestions would be most important? A. Control blood glucose levels. B. Drink plenty of fluids. C. Take the antidiabetic drugs regularly. D. Eat a high-fiber diet.
A
Which instruction about insulin administration should a nurse give to a client? A. "Always follow the same order when drawing the different insulins into the syringe." B. "Shake the vials before withdrawing the insulin." C. "Store unopened vials of insulin in the freezer at temperatures well below freezing." D. "Discard the intermediate-acting insulin if it appears cloudy."
A
Which of the following insulins are used for basal dosage? A. Glargine (Lantus) B. NPH (Humulin N) C. Lispro (Humalog) D. Aspart (Novolog)
A
Which statement about fluid replacement is accurate for a client with hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome? A. Administer 2 to 3 L of IV fluid rapidly. B. Administer 10 L of IV fluid over the first 24 hours. C. Administer a dextrose solution containing normal saline solution. D. Administer IV fluid slowly to prevent circulatory overload and collapse.
A
During a follow-up visit 3 months after a new diagnosis of type 2 diabetes, a client reports exercising and following a reduced-calorie diet. Assessment reveals that the client has only lost 1 pound and did not bring the glucose-monitoring record. Which value should the nurse measure? A. Fasting blood glucose level B. Glucose via a urine dipstick test C. Glycosylated hemoglobin level D. Glucose via an oral glucose tolerance test
C
A client is taking glyburide (DiaBeta), 1.25 mg P.O. daily, to treat type 2 diabetes. Which statement indicates the need for further client teaching about managing this disease? A. "I always carry hard candy to eat in case my blood sugar level drops." B. "I avoid exposure to the sun as much as possible." C. "I always wear my medical identification bracelet." D. "I skip lunch when I don't feel hungry."
D
A client tells the nurse that she has been working hard for the past 3 months to control her type 2 diabetes with diet and exercise. To determine the effectiveness of the client's efforts, the nurse should check: A. urine glucose level. B. fasting blood glucose level. C. serum fructosamine level. D. glycosylated hemoglobin level.
D
The nurse is explaining glycosylated hemoglobin testing to a diabetic client. Which of the following provides the best reason for this order? A. Provides best information on the body's ability to maintain normal blood functioning B. Best indicator for the nutritional state of the client C. Is less costly than performing daily blood sugar test D. Reflects the amount of glucose stored in hemoglobin over past several months.
D
A client with diabetes is receiving an oral anti diabetic agent that acts to help the tissues use available insulin more efficiently. Which of the following agents would the nurse expect to administer? A. Metformin B. Glyburide C. Repaglinide D. Glipizide
A
A client with diabetes mellitus has a blood glucose level of 40 mg/dL. Which rapidly absorbed carbohydrate would be most effective? A. 1/2 cup fruit juice or regular soft drink B. 4 oz of skim milk C. 1/2 tbsp honey or syrup D. three to six LifeSavers candies
A
A nurse is providing education to a client who is newly diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. What are classic symptoms associated with diabetes? A. increased thirst, hunger, and urination B. Increased weight loss, dehydration, and fatigue C. Loss of appetite, increased urination, and dehydration D. Increased weight gain, appetite, and thirst
A
The nurse is administering lispro insulin. Based on the onset of action, how long before breakfast should the nurse administer the injection? A. 10 to 15 minutes B. 30 to 40 minutes C. 1 to 2 hours D. 3 hours
A
The nurse is educating the client with diabetes on setting up a sick plan to manage blood glucose control during times of minor illness such as influenza. Which is the most important teaching item to include? A. Increase frequency of glucose self-monitoring. B. Decrease food intake until nausea passes. C. Do not take insulin if not eating. D. Take half the usual dose of insulin until symptoms resolve.
A
The nurse is preparing to administer intermediate-acting insulin to a patient with diabetes. Which insulin will the nurse administer? A. NPH B. Iletin II C. Lispro (Humalog) D. Glargine (Lantus)
A
An agitated, confused client arrives in the emergency department. The client's history includes type 1 diabetes, hypertension, and angina pectoris. Assessment reveals pallor, diaphoresis, headache, and intense hunger. A stat blood glucose sample measures 42 mg/dl, and the client is treated for an acute hypoglycemic reaction. After recovery, the nurse teaches the client to treat hypoglycemia by ingesting: A. 2 to 5 g of a simple carbohydrate. B. 10 to 15 g of a simple carbohydrate. C. 18 to 20 g of a simple carbohydrate. D. 25 to 30 g of a simple carbohydrate.
B
The nurse is administering an insulin drip to a patient in ketoacidosis. What insulin does the nurse know is the only one that can be used intravenously? A. NPH B. Regular C. Lispro D. Lantus
B
The nurse is preparing a presentation for a group of adults at a local community center about diabetes. Which of the following would the nurse include as associated with type 2 diabetes? A. Onset most common during adolescence B. Insulin resistance or insufficient insulin production C. Less common than type 1 diabetes D. Little relation to prediabetes
B
The nurse is reviewing the initial laboratory test results of a client diagnosed with DKA. Which of the following would the nurse expect to find? A. Blood glucose level of 250 mg/dL B. Blood pH of 6.9 C. Serum bicarbonate of 19 mEq/L D. PaCO2 of 40 mm Hg
B
After teaching a client with type 1 diabetes who is scheduled to undergo an islet cell transplant, which client statement indicates successful teaching? A. "This transplant will provide me with a cure for my diabetes." B. "I will receive a whole organ with extra cells to produce insulin." C. "They'll need to create a connection from the pancreas to allow enzymes to drain." D. "I might need insulin later on but probably not as much or as often."
D
Which information should be included in the teaching plan for a client receiving glargine, a "peakless" basal insulin? A. Administer the total daily dosage in two doses. B. Draw up the drug first, then add regular insulin. C. It is rapidly absorbed and has a fast onset of action. D. Do not mix with other insulins.
D
Which of the following factors would a nurse identify as a most likely cause of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in a client with diabetes? A. The client continues medication therapy despite adequate food intake. B. The client has not consumed sufficient calories. C. The client has been exercising more than usual. D. The client has eaten and has not taken or received insulin.
D
After being sick for 3 days, a client with a history of diabetes mellitus is admitted to the hospital with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). The nurse should evaluate which diagnostic test results to prevent dysrhythmias? A. Serum potassium level B. Serum calcium level C. Serum sodium level D. Serum chloride level
A
The client who is managing diabetes through diet and insulin control asks the nurse why exercise is important. Which is the best response by the nurse to support adding exercise to the daily routine? A. Increases ability for glucose to get into the cell and lowers blood sugar B. Creates an overall feeling of well-being and lowers risk of depression C. Decreases need for pancreas to produce more cells D. Decreases risk of developing insulin resistance and hyperglycemia
A
A nurse is preparing to administer insulin to a child who's just been diagnosed with type 1 diabetes. When the child's mother stops the nurse in the hall, she's crying and anxious to talk about her son's condition. The nurse's best response is: A. "I can't talk now. I have to give your son his insulin as soon as possible." B. "If you'll wait in your son's room, the physician will talk with you as soon as he's free." C. "Everything will be just fine. I'll be back in a minute and then we can talk." D. "I'm going to give your son some insulin. Then I'll be happy to talk with you."
D