Honors colonial history final

What role did Missouri play in the Kansas elections?

1700 armed Missourians crossed into Kansas and threatened violence if they weren't aloud to vote. People in Missouri should have no say in Kansas issues. PPl should vote who live in Kansas. Someone from Missouri would care if Kansas was free or slave because more representation at a national level. If you have a free state against slave state Missouri then the slaves could escape to free state.

before this amendment, senators were chosen by states, now state legislatures. ppl indirectly voted for senators.

17th Amendment

known as Old Hickory because he was as tough as hickory wood, became the seventh president of the United States in 1828. he was the "hero of New Orleans" because he lead the Americans that defeated the British invasion at the Battle of New Orleans. In 1824, helost the presidential election against John Quincy Adams, but won against him in the next election because Adams was unpopular and hissupporters' criticisms weakened his administration. hisand his supporters created a new political party called the Democratic Party, and Adams and his supporters were the National Republicans. hemade sure that poor people were allowed to vote before his presidency, and the political power exercised by ordinary working Americans was called Jacksonian Democracy. heopposed the Second National Bank because he thought that the Constitution did not give Congress the power to create it. fought in duals. he veiwed the powers of the federal government as small and limited. on eof the reasons why he had issues with the 2nd national bank. however, he didnt think there should be a big gov but he used his party leadership to get ahead in congress. saw himself as spokesmen of population and tried to strengthen power of pres. supporter of states rights. nickname- first common man president, into states rights, represented ppl, common person not political figure, not an high landing holding elite in society. first democrat pres in society. opened up White House to anyone who wanted to come, so many ppl in there that his security that hewould be crushed literally, replaced the foutains with alcahol, they said that and then everyone left

Andrew Jackson

Proclaimed the dec or was apart of that on July 8. He was of the Philadelphia committee of safety at the state house in Philly

Colonel John Nixon

Best known as an influential, abolitionist leader, he was also a supporter of women's rights, and he spoke at the Seneca Falls Convention. He was born into slavery in Maryland, but escaped at the age of 20. He was a very popular speaker due to his intelligence and speech making skills. In 1845, hepublished Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass which was about his experience of being a slave and also his escape. He also published a newspaper called, the North Star. Also the life and times of frederick douglass after 1845. love hate relaitonship with Abraham Lincoln.

Frederick Douglass

freedmans governments aid to newly freed slaves

Freedmans Bureau

-Became a larger war between France and Britain, the 7 years war -War broke out in the colonies first then spread to the European continent -Iroquois league (alliance of Native Americans allied with British -1st skirmish-unsuccessful attempt by British led byWashington to take the land from the French -first years of war French won -Colonists refused to let soliders in their houses, more British soldiers were sent from England to fight -then british started to win -British taking Quebec-turning point -French surrendered in 1760

French and Indian War

Why was the transfer of powr in the election of 1800 significant? What federalist policies came under attack during the 1800 election?

It set a new president that we have to thank Adams and Jefferson for. Feds said that Jefferson wanted to get rid of organized rel, pro French. not true. Jeffs pointed to alien and sedition acts saying adams wanted to make himself King.

What was the impact of the Louisianna Purchase?

It was an agreement with France to buy the land. The final price of territory was included in lousiana purchase 80 million francs or 15 million dollars. It doubled the territory of the US

These debates were a series of public meetings where Lincoln and stephen douglass debated the issues of their senate campaign. Douglass spoke with great flair. Lincolns manner was mild. His strength lay in the logic and reasoning of his ideas. Lincoln stressed the immortality of slavery in his debates. Douglass refered to Lincolns party as black republicans and painted an image of a society where the races were equal, pressing Lincoln on citizenship for balcks. Lincoln said that is not true. Douglass retained his senate seat. many historians say lincoln won. Lincoln argued the more famous douglass to a draw and in the process made himself a national figure.

Lincoln - Douglass Debates

Who was the person who ever since what speech at cemetery said most important part was preamble, let's create new principles?

Lincoln and Gettysburg address After this happened people started believing most important part was preamble cuz it listed our principles

Checks on Judicial BRanch

Legislative Branch-may declare laws passed by Congress to be unconstitutional Executive Branch-may declare executive actions to be unconsiutional

Chcks on Executive Branch

Legislative Branch-may veto bills, may adjourn Congress in certain situations Judicial Branch-appoints judges

-Minutemen in MA were drilling on their village commons and stockpiling gunpowder and weapons -British General Gage knew colonial militias were preparing for a conflict -King George III order Gage to arrest colonial leaders esp Sam Adams and John Hancock, and to capture colonists gunpowder -Colonists' gunpowder was stockpiled in concord (town west of Boston) -then 700 British Troops left Boston for Concord and then reached Lexington to face 70 minutemen -British captain ordered them to leave, then militia was charged -minutemen fled, 8 americans were killed -British went to concord where 100s of minutemen were waiting -after a gunfire was exchanged, Brits retreated toward Boston -along the way, the militia fired at Brits from under caves and bushes -British casualties out numbered American

Lexington

-Cities-lively, exciting, happy -Streets are paved with cobblestones and sidewalks are lit up by oil lamps -there are ships anchored in the harbors -People loved reading letters from fam -PPl enjoyed English newspapers and magazines tht have gossip and drawings of new fashion -There r libraries, bookshops, public buildings -On weekends ppl go to play+concerts -Ppl go shopping in markets for country produce and luxury goods from Europe -Students learn about music, dancing, drawing, painting, + usual academic subjects -City life easier than rural for women -they dont have to work hard on farm in gardens or milking cows -have households tasks -ppl in prosperous houses have time for reading and writing -ppl get their work done in sociable ways like quilting bees or barn raisings -In north ppl ice skate -ppl dance, listen to music, get together with neighbors for fun

Life in Colonial America

3 days. 24000 confeds . 19000 union troops. lee-south. Meade-north. get there day 2. Longstreet told lee that union positions were too strong to attack. told lee to leave, make union chase him and fight. on own ground. Lee too confident and said no. conffens tried o seize little round top. south-9000 casulaties. but lee sent more troops, 15000. less than a half of confeds returned to confed lines. lee said get ur division ready to picket and he said i have non. lee said its my fault. July 4-confeds retreated. lee-28000 casualties out of 75000. union - 23000 of 85000. union won. day 3 - lee calls for pickets charge. bloodiest battle of american history.

Gettysburg

Describe how weak the national gov was under the articles of confederation.

Only had one branch, each state had one vote and some states bigger than others. Legislative branch was the one branch with two branches under it (judicial and executive)

Wanted to purify the corruptions of the Church of England Sought to remain within the state church Wanted simpler church service Objected to the wealth and power of bishops Tended to be highly educated

Puritans

Believed in direct personal communication with god -no ministers and no hierarchy of priests and bishops as in the Anglican and Roman Catholic Churches -instead of formats services with rituals, they held simple meetings in which members of congregation rose to speak Beleived in the equality of all men and women -this = threat in society with strict social classes based on wealth and power Pacifists who refused to fight in war Because of their beliefs, they were jailed and persecuted in England, or American colonies except RI

Quakers

These people settle PA A group of the nonconformists who were Protestants that did not follow the Church of England. Upset people the most Society of friends Name comes from George fox who urged them to tremble or quake at the name of The Lord,

Quakers

when Lee surrendered it was the end of the south trying to become its own country so they decided to make the war as long and painful as possible for the north

appomattox court house

-One of the five people who died -African American sailor who might have led the crowd -1st to die -influential and says get your clubs were going to fight

crispus attucks

Why was it called the revolution of 1800 with Jefferson?

cuz making gov smaller and chaning things

sherman wins at the battle

fall of atlanta

A series of essays discussing and defending the Constitution were published in NY newspapers. Written under the pen name Publics, who was three Federalists: James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, John Jay. Publics stood up against monarch and founded rome republic. Circulated wildly in other states. Collected in a book, the federalist

federalist papers

people in general against slavery in west. This party formed in 1848. northern whigs and antislavery democrats. opposition to the spread of slavery was its main issue. to have a lasting party you have to have more than one issue. PPl of all political parties who opposed slavery's spread were called this.

free-soilers

life liberty and property People have certain natural rights the duty of gov was to protect the citizens _______.

natural rights

What did the Anti Federalists beleive?

strong national gov would lead to a kind of tyranny. they just fought gaainst tyranny

Douglass's statements caused him to lose the support of southern democrats. proved critical when he faced Lincoln again in pres election. Lincolns moderate positions increased his standing among northers. southerners still thought lincoln was a serious threat to slavery.

Supporters of Lincoln

protection against quartering (housing) of soldiers in peace time with out the owners consent. reacting to quartering act

Third Amendment

This act required that almost everything being shipped to the colonies pass through England so England could tax these goods.

Third act of navigation acts

-Ended the Seven Year's War in Europe and French and Indian War in North America -British gained all French land east of Mississippi River -Spain had allied with France --Gave up control of FL to Britain France gave Spain Louisiana Territory -France kept two islands near Canada and regained some carribean islands

Treaty of Paris 1763

-Christmas Night 17776, he and his men crossed delaware river to Trenon -Took on Hessians, capturing weapons and ammunition -They then drove the british out of Princton

Washington Crossing the Delaware

Valley forge

Washington and his exhausted troops retreated and settled into quarters at valley forge, PA. Winter of 1777-1778 was the low point of Revolution for the continental army. Bitter winter weather with inadequate housing. food was scarce, soldiers wore worn ragged uniforms, many of men became ill, hundreds died. The winter at Valley Forge was a tough test of Washington's leadership. The men stayed in Valle forge because they believed in cause and fought for Washington.

What was the turning point in the American revolution?

Saratoga

What was the final price of the Louisiana purchase?

15 million dollars or 80 million francs

this amendment involves the suffrage of blacks, allowing them to vote. 1870. prohibits the federal and state gov from denying a citizen suffrage based on race, color, or previous condition of servitude.

15th Amendment

What is Greek for Philadelphia?

"City of brotherly love"

clause of consitution. another name is elastic clause: creation of bank falls under it. Hamilton pointed to it when he proopsed a national bank: prime ex of loos construction

"Necessary and proper" clause

-colonists said this in resentment and in reaction to Parliament -their phrase, they developed it -used it when Barons forced King John to sign Magna Carta -hypocritical -you said the same thing so we can too -Sam Adams said that by making colonists do this changed them from free subjects to the miserable state of tributary slaves"

"No Taxation without Representation" m, ...

Written by Charles Sumner. so much violence

"The Crime against Kansas"

What did the articles allow congress to do?

-Establish national policies and conduct foreign relations (issues) with British and native Americans -deal with Indians -could borrow and create or coin money -set up post offices -establish an army and declare war -settle disputes among states

Who organized the committee to write the Declaration of Independence, who was in the committee, and who was chosen to write the draft

-Second Continental Congress - John adams, Robert livingston, Roger sherman, Thomas Jefferson, and Benjamin Franklin -Jefferson-he didn't want to, he wanted to draft his own VA state constitution, hated being on committee

-his writings were widely spread in america -influenced jefferson and franklin amoung others -jeff used his theories when he wrote the declaration

...

1868, this amendment involves citizenship rights. first time we talk about citizenship and requirements of it in constitution. equal treatment for all. no discrimination cuz of race, color, sex, gender, rel protects he citizens against the state gov.

14 Amendment

Final Guarantee of citizens rights. Powers not expressly given to the federal government nor forbidden to the states by the constitution belong to the states and the ppl. states rights amendment. addressed the actions that states could do. Defined two diff kinds of powers. Delegation powers:powers that the constitution gives to each branch of national gov. Reserved powers: powers that the constitution does not specifically give to the federal gov or deny to the states. they belong to the states of the people. basis of reserved powers

10th Amendment

This amendment said that electors must cast separate ballots for pres and vice pres

12th Amendment

How many colonies were needed to change of amend the articles?

13, total unanimity

ended slavery

13th Amendment

Jamestown colony's first settlers In 1606, how many ships and men did the London company send to Virginia?

3 ships and 144 men (100 survived the crossing)

Right to a jury trial in a civil case. A civil case is where there is dispute over propety or money, civil cases incolve a suit (a complaint)against another person or persons. civil cases do not have jail time. if you loose, no jail time attached

7th Amendment

you shall not be tortured. no excessive bail. bail is set based on the flight risk and the type of crime committed. no cruel and unusual punishments. (Chinese water torture. hanging by your thumbs. beheading or copping off limbs) Gov cant torture you for info

8th Amendment

For major issues how many colonies had to agree under articles of confederation?

9

Just because those rights are not listed doesn't mean the people do not have them. Ex. Right to privacy, Right to conduct political activity. stated that listing certain rights given to the ppl did not mean others did not exist.

9th Amendment

What happened during the Boston massacre?

A crowd of colonists began to throw snowballs at the sentry guarding the customs house. A British officer brought soldies to help, but it went on. Workers taunted the british soldiers, redcoats, called them lobster scoundrels

Describe the workforce on plantations

A few huge plantations had hundreds of workers, either indentured servants or slaves. Most farms were smaller and had a work force of fewer than 30. Bulk of these workers labored in the fields, although men and women on large plantations performed other necessary tasks like shoe making, weaving, and carpentry

When indentured servants were free to go what did they receive?

A gun, land, clothing, and food to start off

born near Louisville, KT. parents opposed slavery and moved to Indiana settling near Ohio River. In 1834 he was elected to the Illinois General assembly, serving four terms at 25. He studied at home becoming licensed to practice law in 1836. he did not go to school or college. he married marry Todd. His proposal for compensation emancipation received little support. He resign from Congress in 1849 and returned home to practice law. He became President on March 4, 1861. In his inaugural address, he quoted the provisions of the constitution that protected slavery. He offered assurances that he would not interfere with the institution of slavery in the south.

Abraham Lincoln

-Proposed by Ben Franklin -Each colony would keep its own constitution, while creating a grand council -council dealt with military issues, Native American relations, western settlement -never approved -first attempt to unite colonies

Albany Plan of Union

secretary of Treasury. hates Jeff. proposed much of economic policy. wanted a strong big gov, more power. federalist were led by him. he and them wanted a strong central gov.

Alexander Hamilton

opponents of constiution. Less organized and unified than Federalists. Their core consisted of farmers and planters. Agreed on one central issue:they distrusted any central authority.

Anti Federalists

ledislative - it is first and longest because they dindt want citizens to think they are having a king and thats why they didnt put executive first, just got away from a monarch. Senate and House of reps r the two groups that make up the congress. divides gov into power. 535members of congress.

Article 1 of constitution

executive. Pres represents country, federal gov. pres-only position that ppl in states vote for. nationally elected official. vice pres waits for pres to die. v pres role is only as large as the pres wants it to be. if pres dies 2 years in then vie pres serves the rest of term so for 2 years and can serve for 8 more (2more terms) 10 years. Electors vote by ballet for 2 ppl . person with most votes is pres and the other is vice. Hard because they could be form same party.

Article II of Constitution

Judicial. Supreme Court (justices)

Article III of Constitution

Created in national gov. Established a confederation (an association of independent sovereign states with certain common goals) not 1 country yet. We r 13 different countries with armies, print own money, govern themselves, join in this confederation to deal with outside threats Britain. States only wanted to form it if they could keep most of their power. This committed states to a perpetual union ( states still jealously guarded their perogatives) adopted in nov 1777. Powers of new gov - states retained most of their powers. Just got powers not willing to give it up. They had financial problems, problems with the states and foreign nations, and economic problems.

Articles of confederation

First rebellion in the American colonies. Actions led to an uprising As a tobacco planter on the frontier, after his Save overseer was kindled in Indian attack Nathaniel bacon formed a small army and launched this rebellion. His army had former indentured servants Berkeley declared bacon a rebel Bacons army attacked Jamestown and took control with popular support. Town was burned and Berkeley left Bacon became ill and died, then this rebellion collapsed

Bacons rebellion

Apart of the Prussian army drilled Washington's troops at valley forge. Cant speak English

Baron Friederich von Steuben

What were the turning points in the civil war?

Battle of Gettysburg and vicksburg

Turning point of Revolutionary War. News of the American victory encouraged the colonists and surprised the British and Europeans. Most importantly, the victory at Saratoga convinced France to support he American case. Greatest victory for american cause Benedict Arnold at this battle.

Battle of Saratoga

Why was the election of the Kansas territorial legislature so important?

Because it decided whether Kansas would be a free state of slave state and it would get new states in congress

Rights and responsibilities. gov doesn't give us the rights, it protects them. first 8 amendments deal with individual civil liberties. limited pres and congress power. it protects us from national gov. several crucial states had ratified the constitution cuz they were promised this. Once the new congress was elected, it needed to add this in the form of amendments to the constitution. James Madison took charge of putting this through congress. pointed out that in England the constitution limited only the kings power, not parliament. the amendments would protect against all abuses of power. the states approved 10 of 12 amendments that congress approved. these became this.

Bill of Rights

-March 5, 1770 -5 People died- -It doesn't make sense that people called it this because a lot of people die in one, but this was not a massacre because only 5 ppl died -Paul Revere and Sam Adams cartoon was political propaganda to try o pull ppl from middle 2/4 -John Adams defends redcoats cuz he thinks everyone should have a right o fair rial and have representation in court -all soldiers were freed except two, who got a light punishment -to avoid more violence, the soldiers moved out of boston

Boston Massacre

King George III said master the colonists or let them go. The people dressed as Indians, threw tea in water, Indians were symbolic of freedom. That is why the colonists dressed like that. September 16, 1773. British calling them petulant children, proving them right. Not how English people behave, mob. Washington sends check for all tea that was wasted in this event to British.

Boston tea party

Also known as great compromise. some large states were hinting that they might withdraw and form own nation. Separate committee set up to find a way to balance the interests of the large (VA plan) and small (NJ plan). CT delegates- Oliver Ellsworth, Roger Sherman, Dr. William Samuel Johnson come up with the compromise. Upper house, senate, and 2 reps from each state. in the other house, representation would be based on states pop. Ct proposes it, bicameral. Equal and proportional representation.

CT compromise

British commander in battle of Yorktown and he surrenders. He didn't want to see Washington after he surrendered. Washington was like I dont want to meet an aide of him. I want to meet him. He is embarrassed cuz he is the best military guy who just got beat by the rebells.

Charles Cornwallis

Senator Butler (SC) and Preston Brooks (Butlers nephew) vs. this guy. He attacks Butler and the south and democrats call him bad names and thats rude to do in Senate. You dont call them out by name you say my college from. You cant attack eachothers character but u can attack eachother. Hes saying slavery is butlers mistress. Butler isnt there. He was writing letters after senate ppl left, and Brooks comes to teach him a lesson. Brooks beats him mover the head 30 times with a cane. North0Sumner harassed, not fair, gov of MA left his senate seat open as a reminder. South-supported brooks. NC-sumner deserved it but shouldn't have been in slavery. This event contradicts our freedom of speech. north-mad cuz south didnt punish brooks. bleeding sumner rest more with ppl in north cuz its their congress. Kansas is far away. alot of respect for senate. Kansas and this guy proved slave power conspiracy.

Charles Sumner

Checks among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches of gov. This meant that the constitution provided each branch with power to slow or stop an action taken by one of the other branches. These things ensured hat no one branch of gov would dominate the others.

Checks and balances and separation if powers

Used muskets, rifle guns, developed minae or minnie bullet, machine guns. civil war first modern war. telegraph-you could sen messages through telegraph lines. lined up in south. each battle field had a telegraph office where messages could be translated. railroad-transport men, ammunition, supplies, input cannons on railroads. mini bullet rifled musket-u put a minie ball in it. it spins so fast so it goes faster and more accurate, holes for the gun powder to push ball out. wen ball enters ur body it flatens. more people died from infection of ball. cuz of developer-cloud minie. rifle better than smooth bore. rifled cannon - repeating rifles, hand grenades, rocket launchers-not used often

Civil War Technologies

This was a simple machine, and cotton farmers made their own, copying Eli Whitney's original design. It had a major impact on life in the south because it solved the problem of making it easier to clean the short staple cotton and it made the large production of cotton actually possible. Farmers had to use the short staple cotton because it could withstand the cold southern winters unlike long staple cotton, even though long-staple cotton was easier to clean. The huge demand for cotton in the United States and abroad this encouraged many people to start growing cotton. People called cotton, King cotton, because it was America's most valuable and largest export, and it became extremely vital to the south's economy.

Cotton Gin

Describe the attack on Fort Sumter

Davis ordered a surprise attack before the supplies could arrive. April 12, 1861. Confederate artillery opened fire on the fort. this outgunned fort surrendered the next day

When does Washington cross the DE river and when does he attack Trenton

Dec 25 and 26

nation and democratic party were divided in spring 1860. platform - protected slavery and its spread and southern democrats wanted to block the nomination of douglass. north dems supported douglass and pop sov. north managed to push their platform through. couldn't decide but chose Douglass as candidate. vise pres - john c Breckenridge of kt as presidential candidate. split in dem party complete. southern moderates formed constitutional union party and nominated Tn senator John Bell for pres.

Democratic convention

This election was really two sectional elections Lincoln (Rep) verses Douglass (northern Dem) in the north Breckenridge (South dem) vs John Bell (Constiutional union party or southern moderate dem) in the south. Democrats in north used openly racist campaign. a lincoln victory would bring runaway slaves pouring in. Republicans branded the DEmocrats as corrupt, promsing that honest abe would restore good gov. The nov vote was largley on sectional lines. Lincoln won nearly every northern state. The split in dem party allowed lincoln to be elected with less than 40 percent of the popular vote. The election results would spell trouble for the union.

Election of 1860

Lucretia Mott and this person organized the Seneca Falls Convention. They were both also abolitionists. They went to the World's Anti-Slavery Convention in London in 1840. Being delegates, her husband and Mott were surprised to find out that because Mott was a woman, she would not be able to take part in convention debates. Women were separated from men, and this experience that they went through influenced them to organize a convention for women's rights, the Seneca Falls Convention. opposed 14th and 15th amendment cuz owmen were included.

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

Attitudes about the war changed with increased causalities. started with saving the union and now the south needed to be punished for the bloodshed of the war. Lincoln convinced to use constitutional power to end slavery. would deny the south the labor needed to continue war. freed slaves in all areas that were in rebellion. Us abolitionists were upset that this allowed slavery to continue in states that were not in rebellion. didnt apply to areas of confederacy that had been conquered by union armies. might help shorten war and could increase competition for jobs in north. Great Britain thought Lincoln didn't go far enough. now british would not take side of a slave power in a war that was bout ending slavery.

Emancipation Proclamaiton

William and Mary jointly accepted this document before being crowned This document allowed parliament to set limits on the monarch's powers. It protected freedom of speech for Members of parliament and gave them control of taxes. These ideas later influenced American politics and they would use this as one of their bases for their legislature. William and Mary established this. Acted as magna carter Colonies did not react well Started with MA with small uprisings then domino effect -checks and balances

English bill of rights

...

Fall of Atlanta

Rice and indigo were the biggest crops in SC Rice - low costal areas were ideal for growing rice Indigo- Eliza Lucas first successfully grew the crop in SC at 18 Small farms had a few enslaved Africans who worked in the fields alongside them

Farming in New England

guarantees many personal rights, grand jury, indictment, self-incimination (be quiet!), double jeopardy (only 1 shot), Due process (the gov must follow its rules), they can only try you once (if they try you and you were found innocent they cant try you again)

Fifths Amendment

Guaranteed freedoms, Religion-separation of church and state, Assembly-right to assemble but cant become violent in that assembly, Speech, Press, Petition, doesnt mean that FF said rel has influence on gov, actually gov has influence on rel, today no rel influence on gov.

First Amendment

Confed capital - Richmond VA - north wants to capture it. first cap was in montgomery Alabama after west Va sucesseds from VA. south won. Lincoln replaces McDowel for McClellan in east. symbolized this was going to be hard. political generals/skilled generals

First Battle of Bull Run

Why did the London and Plymouth companies settle in colonies?

For profit

only fort in south owned by gov. Commander Robert Anderson sent the message to Lincoln that Confederate leaders were demanding surrender or would attack. Low on supplies, this fort remained in Union hands. This fort was symbolic to both sides. Lincoln would not surrender the fort, but would send food and other nonmilitary supplies so they wouldn't surrender so Davis makes decision to attack. Attack was Davis' call. Option 1: attack and go to war option 2: allow the symbol of federal authority to remain.

Fort Sumter

Protection from unreasonable search and seizure. need a search warren issued by a judge. Probable cause that a crime has been committed and evidence will be found. no vehicles. like writs of assistance. we have warrant to search ship plead the 5th- have a right to not incriminate urself

Fourth Amendment

This act tightened parliaments control. Merchants now had to pay a tax, or duty, on certain goods - called "enumerated articles." Parliament sent officials to the colonies to collect these taxes.

Fourth act of navigation acts

Describe the XYZ affair

French ship took us merchant vessels. Adams sent Pinckney as the diplomatic representative of US? The French turned him away and this insulted Adams. Feds wanted war so Adams sent more ppl, but they were insulted again. It was like a slap in the face. In response, adams sent a report naming the three French agents X,Y, and Z. Instead of going to war congress took away trade with France and allowed US navy to capture French vessels. They avoided a war with France. Feds pressured adams to go to war with them.

Thomas hooker (Puritan minister) and his congregation settled in CT river valley They adopted Americas first written constitution known to modern history that created a gov This does not prescribe any condition of church membership or the right of suffrage (right to vote) -the doc extended voting rights to all free men not just church members

Fundamental orders of Connecticut

Lincoln replaces McDowel for this guy during 1st battle of Bull Run. he has some skill but its mainly political and he's like Napoleon for personality. he is in the east and had the most authority. In 2nd battle of bull run, Lee attacked pop before this guy got there. In Battle of Antietam he hesitates and doesn't take advantage of what lee tries to do. Lee fights in the north so Europe would def help put pressure on ppl who put it on gov and Lincoln. Lincoln then removes him cuz if he attacked on 2nd day he could have won and captured lee. Lincoln puts him back in charge after a few months cuz best that they had. He then completely removes him and replaces him with burnside

General McClellan

-Held open air meetings hat were intended to move audiences to feel the religious spirit -Thousands came o hear him -He preached his way through the colonies -_His strong voice moved people to cry and confess their sins -Good friends w/ Franklin, even though they disagreed on religion

George Whitefield

In northern California, a carpenter found gold in the American River at John Sutter's sawmill in 1848, and John Sutter tried to keep this secret. Word eventually got out, and people from Asia, South america, and Europe heard of this wonderful news from american sailors, and went to california. News also came to the United States, and President James K. Polk confirmed this news in his State of the Union address on December 5, 1848. This is the migration of miners, forty niners in 1849, and business people to California. Eighty percent of the people coming to California were from the United States, and to reach California, many people followed the california Trail. By 1854, 300,000 people migrated to california, and many cities populations started to increase rapidly. new towns poping up and once ppl left it was a ghost town.

Gold Rush

Loose Construction

Gov can take reasonable actions that are not outlined in the constitution as long as those actions r not speciffically prohibited,

What did the Plymouth company and London company do?

Governed and maintains the colonies

Describe what happened at Vicksburg

Grant marched his army in april down West Bank of Mississippi River past vicksburg. won 5 battles in 17 days. he began a siege to stave vicksburg and is 32000 defenders into surrnder. GRants artillerary and union gunboats on river kept a constant selling of city. vicksburg citizens dug caves into sides of hills and moved into them to escape rain of death and destruciton. no food so they ate horses, mules, dogs, rats. july 4, 48 days of siege and the day Lee began retreat from getysburg and commander surrendered city and 31000 troops to grant. Port Hudson surrended to union too.

-A religious revival movement in the colonies -led to increases in church membership -New protestant religions grew in America: Congregational church, methodist, baptist, presbyterian -One of he first links uniting the colonies -Led to creation of several colleges

Great Awakening

What made Jamestown profitable after the starving time?

Growing tobacco

List the order of places Washington Went

He crossed the DE river to Trenton then to Princeton

why did Jefferson want the Louisiana Territory?

He wanted to protect american trade. Monroe is Jeffs friend. livingston is his ambassador. Jeff gives him power to purchase New Orleans for trade cuz its on river. Liv and Mon shocked wen Napolean says he will sell land to us. Jeff makes this happen quickly so Nap doesn't change his mind.

-former merchants -King gave money to Hesse and their leader drafted people to go fight for money -3000 stay in America and 12000 go -at the end of the war 17313 Hessians retur and 4972 stay -helped Howe in American Revolution -brutal executions. they execute u on spot with bahenets. they stab you -Germans

Hessians

George Washington

His firm character and common sense helped hold the troops together. He always managed o keep a national army in the field. His men admired him.

you have to be 25 to serve. 2 years to serve. every 2 years you elect a new one. represets the people. 435 members of house.

House of Representatives

Members were white male landowners They had the power to raise taxes and make laws

House of burgesses

What did the Virginia company form that was Americas first legislature?

House of burgesses

Battle of Long Isalnd

Howe (commander of British army in America) in August 176. After his defeat in Boston, he returned to NY. Had a force of more than 300 ships and approximatley 30000 british soldiers. Rebels were offered a pardon if they would give in and promise loyalty. Washington refued.Howe captured Long Isaldn and took many Amerucans prisoner. The fog comes and british cant see them so Washington successfully makes it to Manhattan. He sees this as an act of divine providence

Describe the Jamestown settlement

In VA located near the James river Very swampy Many Mosquitos and bugs Many people got sick from the bugs and animals Used to having work done so they are not prepared for the back breaking work Many difficult years Some people are selfish or lazy Starvation and violence Was in the territory of the Powhatan

Battle of Trenton

In fall, Howes army forced Washington to retreat from Manhattan to NJ. Crossed the Delaware river to Pa. Traditional european warfare is that armies didn't fight in winter. Howes men settled in Princeton. Hessians settled in Trenton. Washington didn't follow European warfare.

Describe adopting the articles of confederation

In nov 1777, Dickinson drafted it in pa and was adopted by congress. Took a while to ratify cuz dispute over western lands, went into effect march of 1781. By time this goes into effect, war is over, 2 years left until war officially over.

Majority of colonial workers were these people Contracted to work for a certain number of years When your contract was up, you were free to go By late 1600s, there were fewer of these people

Indentured servants

Occurring form the middle of the 1700s to the middle of the 1800s, this was the birth of industry, and the social changes that came along with it. It began in Great Britain's textile industry, and for a long time, cloth had been made in people's home, using simple machines. In the late 1700s, new inventions transformed the industry which mechanized spinning and weaving. This had begun when these powered spinning and weaving machines entered mills and produced a lot of cloth. An important factor in the development of this was machine power replacing human power. Water was more important than steam power, but the Steam Engine, invented by James Watt, eventually powered this. new inventions. cotton gin was a machine that replaced work by hands. could produce more cotton than uve ever had. the raw cotton from south would be going to north and to england. it changes the culture of different parts of the country. it changes the north the most. immigrants were going to the north cuz more job opportunities and wouldnt want to be enslaved in the south.

Industrial Revolution

He was a quaker, loyalist, and has a house on a farm near Valley Forge. Washington camped at Valley Forge one night and this guy heard mumbling while he was walking. He sees a guy on his knees and hears someone praying. He said OMG thats Washington praying in the snow. He cant lead his men effectively and needs he help of the divine providence to help his men and cant do it on his own. He tells his wife and says if God is on the American side, the war is lost for the British and that evening him and his wife converted to patriots.

Isaac Potts

Why did popular sovereignty lead to violent struggle in Kansas?

It was settled indirectly. voters elected territorial legislature to go to state conventions which pass laws. Then a constitution had to be written and approved by voters before territory became a state. constitution either allowed or permitted slavery. There were elections and people threatened to be violent if they wernt aloud to vote.

Like many enslave ppl, he had last name of a slaveholder. He took Lafayette's last name. Volunteered to serve with the Marquis Lafayette, expecting to be a servant. Lafayette realized the young african American could do much more this guy became a spy. He won Cornwallis trust, who asked him to spy on americans. He gave inaccurate info to British and accurate info to Americans. His efforts helped defeat the Brits at battle of Yorktown

James Armistead

democrat from PA. he won election of 1856 cuz know-nothings nativism repelled immigrants in the north/ democrats painted republicans as extremists on the slavery issue. His inaugural address supported popular sovereignty in territories. pledged not to interfere with slavery where it already existed.

James Buchanan

First one in Philly. Proposes va plan. Wants to get the re first and put his plan out first, all other people will be debating his plan. He wanted to control the debate. This is for the constitution. He tells the people that they are going to alter, change, amend articles, not make a new constitution. Not a good speaker so he appoints rand off to propose it. Had the madisonian model. Him and Jefferson were best friends. They would send letters back and forth while he was in Philly and Jeff was in France. He took some of Jeffersons ideas,

James Madison

This was with England and unpopular because the British agreed to leave their forts, giving US control of Northwest but US had to pay debts owed by British. IT was unfair cuz the British had to pay a lot o debts. the people just had a revolution and dont want to fight again. W sent John Jay to negotiate with British. British agreed to pay for damages to american ships and to leave their forts, giving US control of northwest. US agreed to pay debts owed by British

Jay's Treaty

provisional or temporary president of the Confederacy. He was not pleased with the news that he was selected as president of the new confederacy. his sense of duty forced him to accept the position. he gave an encouraging inaugural address, but privately, he worried mentions slavery 0 times in inaugural address because Europeans r watching. slavery was abolished in Europe and if your goal is to keep slavery, Europe France, England and Russia out.

Jefferson davis

-part of the committee to write a draft of a Declaration of Independence -One of ppl who met in philly at first continental congress --agreed each colony would have one vote despite differences in size

John Adams

There was an attack on the arsenal Oct 16, 1859. He and 21 followers attacked a US arsenal at Harpers Ferry, VA/ Planning to use guns to arm a slave revolt, the group captured the arsenal. He sent some of his group to spread the word to the area's slaves to rise up in revolt. no slave was willing to run away and join him. Armed local townspeople followed by US marines fought him and his group. This gun and his surviving followers were tried and all were sentenced to hang. Brown was hung Dec. 2, 1859. John wilks booth was present as his hanging and admired him.

John Brown

Who was the first pres of the continental congress under the articles of confederation?

John Hanson

Who married pocohantas and their marriage secured peace?

John Rolfe

Who was the first person to successfully grow a new strand of tobacco that was brought from the Caribbean islands or West Indies and what did this Begin?

John Rolfe and slave labor

assasinated Lincoln, actor

John Wilkes Booth

He became the leader of Jamestown in 1608 Organized raids to steal food from the Indians Imposed a law that if a man wanted to eat, he had to work for it More settlers came in 1609

John smith

Helped trade for food with the native Americans, built houses, and explored the area,

John smith

When the powhatans captured him and were about to kill him, pocohantas intervened

John smith

What kind of companies were the London and Plymouth companies?

Joint stock

-He scared you and was not a screamer -born in CT -Great Awakening Leader and puritan minister -emphaizsed the individuals personal relationship with God, he appealed to his listeners fears and emotions -His most famous sermon painted a pic of the agonies that sinners would suffer if they did not repent -Influenced by Locke and Sir Isaac Newtons philosophies -valued rational thought -Believed in the rational or logical aspects of religion

Jonathan Edwards

Legislative Branch checks on Judicial and Executive

Judicial - may propose constitutional amendments to overrule judicial decisions, may impeach Supreme Court justices Executive Branch-may reject appointments made by executive, may reject treaties, controls funding for presidential initiatives, may impeach president, may override a veto

Organized judicial branch. Had a six person Supreme Court with one chief justice and five associates. First Chief Justice of Supreme Court - John Jay. today 1 Chief Justice and 8 associate justices.

Judiciary Act of 1789

Involving the Declaration of Independence, what happened on each of these dates? -June 8, June 28, July 2, 1776, July 4, July 8, august 2

June 8-commit started June 28-Jefferson submits final draft to continental congress and Adams is jealous of his writing skill and style, being VA, writes well, youngest, all work dumped on him July 2, 1776-Congress voted to declare Independence, Declared Independece action occurs, action to declare independence, our day of independence, the colonies became states on this day -July 4-they approved the entire document, paper came out July 8-Declaration of Ind was proclaimed (read aloud) Aug 2-Dec signed --56 delegates eventually signed the doc although all were not present on that day in aug

What two events led to the civil war in Kansas?

Kansas and caning of Sumner

Clay and Webster's death gave Stephen Douglass power. A proposed railroad connected Cali to rest of nation. South-favored New Orleans, Louisiana, the eastern end. north- opposed it cuz scared the railorad might bring slavery into territories organized by compromise of 1850. Douglass thought the railroad could transform chicago, illinois into major urban centers. He introduced a bill to congress to make the land it crossed open to settlement by gov. Douglass changed his bill to end Missouri Compromises limits on slavery. This became law and north was outraged. Douglass from Illinios, author of act, nicknamed little giant, repealed missouri compromise. popular soveriengty made it a win for slavery. in kansas and ppl decided. Douglass wants the railroad from chicago to cali. south said new orleans to cali. passage of this act brought back abe who went out of politics to be a lawyer.

Kansas-Nebraska Act

he suspended it across the entire country. It is the constitutional right of an arrested person to appear in court charged of a crime. Vocal critics who opposed the war, the draft, or emancipation were arrested and jailed without trials. Lincoln was willing to violate the Constitution in order to save the union. He needed congresses approval and go t it in 1862.

Lincoln and Habeas corpus

English philosopher Believed all people born equal and moral Gov has a duty to people it governs. If gov fails, the people have the right to overthrow it wrote in defense of the glorious revolution -Wrote two treaties of government Influenced the founders the most -rejecting divine right -monarchs not chosen by god -government by consent ->gov has to have people's consent -Power limited by laws->prescient and gov do whatever they want -Ideas foundation for modern democracy Gov job-keep us safe

Locke

House of reps-ppl Senate-states Prez- federal gov, country as a whole Federalism -seperations of powers (Montesquieus ideas) -divides political sovereignty between state and national (federal) -protection of civil liberties -esp important for a large republic -important that the federal gov be limited with specfic powers -preservation of local political freedom National and state check eachother

Madisonian model

By 1840, the population of America had grown to about six times what it was during the aMerican Revolution. America's territory grew to about twice its original size. This was the belief of the idea that the nation had a right given by God to all of North America. This term, was first used by John L. O'Sullivan, who was a newspaper editor. Many Americans did not think about how this would impact the people, who were already living in the areas being added to the United States. the idea that God gave the people the right to settle anywhere in North America. they brought civilization to the uncivilized ppl. going west. gov convincing ppl to go west u can make money its the god given thing to do involves with ur rel.

Manifest Destiny

...

March to the Sea

He cut a swath of destruction 30 miles long 50-60 miles wide. Sherman marched across GA, Sherman destructed everything in his way on this march, after taking savannah Sherman turned north through south carolina destroying civilian property all along the way, Savannah falls Dec. 21. troops joined cuz SC first to secede.

March to the sea

November 11, 160 Pilgrims agreed on how they would govern themselves Announced their purpose in founding a colony in the new world "For the glory of god.."

May flower compact

Going to the new world 1620, went across Atlantic Ocean This carried English Christians who were looking for a place where they could worship as they pleased. Some wanted a new way of life.

Mayflower

Pledged a covenant (with God and the people) together to establish the rules under which they would live It was the first effort at self government in New England Didn't create gov

Mayflower compact

This text contains references to king James 1 Pilgrims described themselves as loyal subjects of this king There is inconsistency in this because we don't know of any written record that said this is why they changed their mind about king James or if they ever did

Mayflower compact

In 1819, the case of McCulloch v. Maryland was when the State of Maryland was against the national government, with which Chief Justice Marshall sided with. He felt that national interests were more important than state interests. In the case of Gibbons v. Ogden, Aaron Ogden Had a license to run his steamboat company from New York, and Thomas Gibbons had a license from the national government to run his steam boat company. Marshal's court was in favor of Gibbons, and Marshall declared that national law is above state law. John Marshall's Supreme Court established the power of the national government over the states, and dealing with the constitution, nationalism triumphed over sectionalism. state government tried to taax the national bank. question is can they? it has to do with competition. it didnt say in the consitution that they could have a national bank. but it saysit in the necesary and proper clause. implied powers. it established cngressional authority under the nesesary and proper clause. which makes implied powers. doctrine of implied powers. principles this case establishes. implied powers. states can impede

McCulloch v. Maryland

The economic policy that held a nations power was directly related to its wealth The more wealthy the country the more powerful The American colonies were valuable to England because the colonists could

Mercantilist theory

The event of Polk ordered General Zachary Taylor to go into the disputed area between the Nueces River and the rio Grande and fight with some Mexican soldier was an excuse for Polk to ask Congress to declare war on Mexico. The United States then declared war on Mexico on May 13, 1846, and this warhad started. To win the war, the United States used n aggressive strategy, and General stephen Kearny captured Santa Fe and took control of New Mexico. On June 16, 1846, the Americans declared the independent Republic of California, and they made a flag for their new country. Because the flag had a picture of a bear on it, the uprising in california became known as the Bear Flag Revolt. General Winfield Scott led his forces that captured New Mexico and california, and when Mexico's capital fell, the Mexican government had to give in to the demands of Americans. The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo was signed in 1848, and it ended this war. Mexico had to turn over a large area of land called the Mexican Cession to the United States. In return, the United States paid Mexico 15 million dollars and paid for 3 million dollars worth of damages. polk is pres and we get a lot of new territory. California. polk is a slave holding dmocrat. abe critizes pollk for starting the war

Mexican American War

Also called Compromise of 1820. The Missouri Territory joining the Union caused an uprising, and if Missouri were admitted as a slave state, then there would be no balance of slave states and free states. This balance gave the slave and free states equal representation in the Senate. The Missouri compromise solved this problem, and it was when Missouri joined the Union as a slave state; Maine was admitted as a free state. Therefore, by the Missouri Compromise, there was still a balance of free and slave states. The Missouri compromise did not allow slavery in the northern part of the Louisiana Territory, and sectionalism in the North and South was starting to emerge. california disrupted the balance. above orthe missouri compromise line slavery not permitted, but below it is permitted. the line dealt with the territories not the states cuz va and md are above the line but they r in the south and already had slavery so slavery was aloud.

Missouri compromise

President Monroe and Secretary of State John Quincy Adams established a new foreign policy for the United States, the Monroe Doctrine. This was in response to the concern of stopping any foreign country from taking lands in the Americas that the United States might want to claim in the future like the Pacific Northwest. The Monroe Doctrine stated that the United States would look at any European attempts to further colonize the Americas as threatening to the country's safety, protection, and peace. The Monroe Doctrine stated that the United States would stay out of European affairs, and it expected Europeans to stay out of the American affairs. The Monroe Doctrine was a powerful statement against Europe, and American nationalism would be felt within many people and outside of the nation. we wouldnt invole ourselves in euopean issues. if a euopean power tries to colonize any land in the west or in South America would be veiwed as an act of aggression and the americans would intervene.

Monroe Doctrine

Divides power into 3 branches to prevent anyone from gaining to much power checks and balances Writes the spirit of laws in 1748 Separation of powers is the best way to protect liberty Separation of powers kept individual/ group from abusing power Each branch (executive, legislative, judicial) of gov should serve as a check on the others By not making each branch too powerful, it is designed to us, the ppl our rights our liberties, protects people liberties Parliament made laws, king carried out laws, courts interpreted laws

Montesquieu

How did France regain Spain?

Napolean has relatives and friends on thrones, he put his Bro Joe on throne in sPain and Joe gave him land. Louisiana territory originally belonged to Spain in treaty of paris in 1783. Napoleon wanted to build a french empire and wanted to regain Frances former lands in North America to wes of Mississippi river a region called Louisiana territory. Pickneys treaty, Spain promised to protect american access to river. spanish officials closed all lower Mississippi and new Orleans to american sipping. officials soon turned over control of area to France

Why does Napoleon want to sell land to Jefferson?

Napolean wants to sell it cuz countries turn on him, having hard time in europe, slave rising in Hati, fearful that britain will gget territory rather have Us have it.

Begining in 1651, the English government passed several laws to control trade and ensure the colonies remained profitable for England.

Navigation acts

The Plymouth company was for what area? The London company was for what area?

North Dominating south (it becomes the Virginia company)

The Second Continental Congress proposed reconciliation with King George III in this. In response King George III took away the privileges that he gave the colonists. He declared the colonies to be in rebellion. Then Parliament passed law banning colonial rad outside the British Empire.

Olive Branch Petition

-Wen news of Dec reached Boston, Abigail Adams, had no doubts about h how she felt, patriots were overjoyed

Pariots

What kinds of methods did General Andrew Jackson use to fortify New Orleans in the military battle against the British?

Pay back to Britain. Because of Andrew Jackson we won the battle of New Orleans. Recruits an army. used his personality to train ppl and convince them to join. diverse army-common man. rather than waiting for british to attack he attacks them firs. fought in the fog and smoke. ambush, open fire, surprise attack, calms men

What was Pierce's role in bleeding Kansas?

Pierce chose to acknowledge the one that originally was chosen for Kansas which was to be a free state. A state cnat function with 2 governments, anarchy. Pro-slavery Kansas - so antislaves make new gov. He is pres and if he voted for antislavery.

As tobacco became an increasingly important crop, a way of life known as _____ system developed in Virginia and Maryland. This is a large farm, usually in a warm climate, with an unskilled labor force that grows 1 cash drop, like sugar or tobacco. This became wide spread through much of south. Wealthy and influential class of planters emerged. -these planters dominated southern society and politics

Planation

What is the social pyramid around the time of the plantation systems ?

Plantation owners-elite aristocrats, landowning, rich Poor whites Indentured whites Poor blacks Enslaved blacks

Since planters needed workers, what encouraged the growth of slavery?

Plantations

Conflicts with these people arose 1622. Both pocohantas and ____ were dead. English farmers were taking even more Indian lands to farm tobacco. 1622: Indians launched surprise attack on Jamestown, killed many settlers including John Rolfe. Attacks persisted for 20 more years

Powhatans Powhatan The Relations between colonists at Jamestown and the Powhatan confederacy

What were not realized in 1776 about Dec and why?

Principles and use preample to make their point

There was a lot of dissent amount this group of people MA bay colony -> church and gov closely linked Dissent Not permitted They left or were brandished Many settled new towns in New England

Puritans

Lincoln had to reconstruct the nation after the Civil War. He had to be nice to the south so they would peacefully come back. bringing the north and south back together. rebuilding the south

Reconstruction

What changes did Jefferson make when he took office?

Reduced size and influence of federal gov. Hamiltons eonomic plans increased tje level of public debt and established federal tax system to reduce gov size. Jefferson administration changed tax system. shrank size of army and navy cuz he thought there should not be a large standing army in peace time cuz army would be threat to civil liberties

platform-opposed the spread of slavery, preservation of union. william Seward was an extremist and seemed to be the leading candidate for nomination wen reps met in Chicago in may. many reps feared that sewards abolitionists views were too radical for most northern voters. reps settled on Lincoln cuz he had most strengths and least weaknesses. platform called for free land in west, improved wages, and tarrif increases. by splitting the dem vote into 3s you assure lincoln to win, did it on purpose wen abe elected. south after 3rd vote they choose lincoln. south has a reason to succeed and does

Republic Convention

Who wrote the anti constitution essays or anti federalist papers and under what pen name and why?

Robert Yates (NY delegate) Brutus cuz protecting gov against over powering individual, ceaser.

Man with strong convictions, who clashed with authorities in Boston. Believed church and government matters should be separate Gov and church were separate People of all faiths including Jews He says worship god in ur own way Good relationship with the Indians

Roger Williams

Purchased land from Narragansetts and established a settlement he called providence (what is now called RI), Founding of RI Confounded the congregation of the First baptist first

Roger Williams

In Second Battle of Bull Run, this guy attacks pope before McClellan can get there. he sent half of his army of north VA to hit federal supply. In battle of antietam, he fights in north so Europe would def help and puts pressure on ppl who put it on gov and Lincoln and this was not a good decision. But McCllean didn't take advantage of it. union victory cuz lee had to withdraw.

Robert E. Lee

He ran the first successful steam boat service. In 1807, he operated a regular passenger service on the Hudson River with his boat, The North River Steamboat of Clermont. The success of the Clermont inspired other people to create and operate steamboats. Within a decade, many steamboats were operating down the Mississippi, Ohio, and many other rivers.

Robert Fulton

a valuable guide, young shoe shone woman, wife of French Canadian fur trapper. helps lewis and clark survey land, carrying baby on journey

Sacagawea

Many English officials were involved in colonial policy, but they did not rule the colonists very strictly. Policitan and advocate for colonists in England, Edmund Burke termed this situation as _____. Colonials benefited by being left alone. Colonial gov gained independence, country or parish = unit of local gov.

Salutary neglect

Who were the leaders of the ant Federalists and Federalists?

Same Adams, Patrick Henry, Richard Henry Lee James Madison, John Dickinson, Alexander Hamilton

-One of the people that Paul Revere warned -Him and his fellow radicals made sure no one would forget Boston massacre -He introduced the idea of Committees Correspondence --This spread the news of British injustices from colony to colony --By communicating with each other, the committees became he basis of a political network to unify colonies

Samuel Adams

Samuel Morse created the first practical telegraph which was the greatest advancement in communication. A telegraph is a something that uses electricity through wires to send messages. Communication by telegraph was instant, and railroads, newspapers, and many other businesses began to use it and its advantages. he invented the morse code.

Samuel Morse

Right to bear arms-right to protect yourelf. this came from the colonial experience where the british soldiers tried to keep the colonists form having weapons to defend themselves from the king. Thing thats being protected-right to defend ourselves. English bill of Rights-this amendment is in there. very english. english common law

Second Amendment

-May 1777 -Formed he continental Army -Comes together in Philly -Appointed George Washington as commander in chief -Issued a continental (national) currency -Wrote a Declaration of the causes and Necessity of Taking up Arms --Jefferson wrote it -members:Jefferson, Hancock, Franklin -they could send as many ppl to this as they wanted -each had one vote

Second Continental Congress

Not only must the ship be English, so must its captain and most of its crew. This act listed a number of colonial products that could be sent only to England or another English colony.

Second act of navigation acts

In July 1848 in Seneca Falls, New York, the this was held. It was the first organized convention for women's right by women in the western world in America. Historians believe that it was the start of the modern American women's movement. 300 people attended, and this created the Declaration of Sentiments, written by Elizabeth Cady Stanton. 100 people, 68 women and 32 men, signed the Declaration of Sentiments. The struggle for women's equality had started. lasts 2 days july 19-20.

Seneca Falls Convention

Protestants who were more strict puritans Wanted to remove all traces of Catholicism from their religion Wanted to make a clean break with the kings church Saw the Church of England as hopelessly corrupt - Viewed structure of church with deep suspicion - bishops and archbishops controlled by king

Separatists

Battle of Brandywine Creeek

September 11, 1777. Washington tried to defend Philly. Howe met Washington and his army of 11000 in Southeastern pa. British won but the Americans escaped without serious casualties. Howe captured Philly where he and his troop settled for winter.

This brings people like James Madison to realize that they need o draft a constitution. Talking to W and Franklin having a convention in Annapolis MD. No one shows up at the first convention. W is in retirement working on farm and looking over plantation. Madison went to W and says you need to be chair. He doesn't want to and says haven't I done enough for my country, I don't want to go. Martha says think it over and the next day she tells his servant to pack his bags.

Shays rebellion

Caused switch to slavery House of burgesses opened more land to frontiers Landowners began to rely on slave labor, fearing uprisings from freed end entered servants This was a shift because now they are wanting to keep slaves for life so this doesn't happen again Start of slavery Poor whites, blacks end entered servants coming together and landowners and wealthy don't like it because they will team up against them. If fighting each other then they wouldn't rise up together against the elites, so they tell the whites you are better than the blacks, the whites believe them, and so that means money and happiness. Now the whites and blacks would fight

Significance of bacons rebellion

Right to a jury trial in ciminal case (you have ocmmited a crime). must be told of the offense. right to a speedy trial (wen ur 20 they cant put you on trial at 40). Right to a lawyer

Sixth Amendment

-Sam Adams creates this -radical revolutionary, ready to have war -compromised of unskilled workers, artisans, small farmers, merchants, lawyers -Organized boycott of British goods and put pressure on merchants who did not joint he boycott

Sons of Liberty

first state to secede

South Carolina

-Parliament passed this act as another way to bring in money from the colonies -Required a government tax stamp on certain document, contracts and licenses, newspapers, almanacs, printed sermons, playing cards -colonists protested openly

Stamp Act

-Organized the MA assembly to send Petition to the King and parliament -very English -this act was repealed after the British merchants saw sales drop cuz of boycotts -Got rid of Grenville, replaced with Pit then act repealed

Stamp Act Congress

Gov should do only what the Constitution specially states it can do

Strict Construction

-Fighting took place on breeds hill not bunker Hill and Washington not there -After battles of Lexington and Concord, British troops withdrew back to Boston -several thousand occupied town -Americans put together a larger army, bringing 15000 militia from all over New England together -Stand off at Boston led to 1st major battle of Revolutionary war, this battle Boston=easy to attack cuz it could be attacked from many hills overlooking city -Porchester Heights was to he south -Bunker and Breeds Hill were across river in Charlestown -General Gage was planning on occupying hills as soon as reinforcements arrived -white and black men fought in New England -British won, but colonists say they tied cuz they fought very hard and killed many british + british better trained and equiped -Howe marches and fights with mem wherever they go h goes, not hiding behind men -the fight that is taking place on he hill is meant for ppl to see it form Boston to intimidate ppl -Colonel Prescott led the colonists + moved quickly o fortify hills, went under attack from british cannons, then built a fort on breeds hill -June 17, 1775

The Battle of Bunk Hil

Te Treaty of Ghent was brokeredin 1814, yet the war went on. What miscommunication led to the extension of the war to New Orleans?

The British planned it so they could take it and connect it with Canada. british met with people in Hartford to succeed. Jackson stands in the way. surprise attack at British camps. takes too long to get back to america

What was the most important part of the Declaration in 1776?

The Lsit of Grievances which were complaints against king

King James issued a charter that divided American between _____ and _____.

The Plymouth company and the London company

This act targeted trade with the Dutch. It said that all goods coming to England from Asia, Africa, or America must be carried in English ships. England did not strongly enforce this act, but set a pattern for later laws.

The first act of the navigation acts

What marked the beginnings of American democracy?

The fundamental orders of Connecticut

Name used by historians to describe the journey that enslaved Africans took From west Africa across the Atlantic Ocean to the West Indies or Caribbean then brazil

The middle passage

In Jamestown, winter on 1609, clashes with Indians, shortage of food, Indians were angry about the food raids. Killed the settlers livestock and prevented them form hunting.

The starving time

How did Lincoln and Douglass speak to the people?

They took their arguments directly to the people and made the issues of the day clear to the nation. the outcome directly affected the presidential election of 1860.

-He was from England and had a way wiht words -He published a pamphlet called common sense --It condemned monarchy and the rule of George III --Called for an Amerivan declaraiton of Indpendece not jus a protest against taxes --This pamphlet sold more than 150,000 copies --It was one of te first American bestsellers

Thomas Paine

People don't like it, some people think black people are worth 3/5 of a person which is not true. all whits and 3/5 of enslaved population. today in constitution its called the 3/5 clause. south wanted slaves to count cuz they would have a greater say, pros make proslavery about constitution. north said no cuz not many slaves. Roger Sherman and James Wilson proposed it. north did not want slaves counted as full persons for purposed of representation. south-slaves considered as property cleverly they get south to realize slaves r ppl for the first time.

Three Fifths compromise

What was the federalist Papers main goal?

To persuade NY delegates to ratify the document by explaining the advantages it would bring

Profits from the London and Plymouth company went where?

To the companies investors

Involing MD 1649, colonial assembly passed this act as a result of MD attesting more Protestant settlers than catholic ones, classes between them were common This act protected the right of all Christians to practice their relgion

Toleration act

Trade routes that linked the Americas, Europe, Africa and West Indies

Triangular trade

Represents the states not like that anymore its like part . a chamber of congress. serve for years. 2 senators elected for each state. every 2 years 1/3 of them r up for reelection cuz you cant have all new people to senate every time so they have some people with experiene at all times. This provides stability. . 30 years or oder. citizen of us for 9 years. 100 senaors. 50 states.

US senate

Union, in the west, his strategy is to overwhelm the south so they surrender and so a lot of ppl for killed. nickname=the butcher. apart of battle of shiloh and union won. Lincoln eventually put him in charge in east.

Ulysses S. Grant

Harriet Beecher Stowe published this. she wrote stories about slave life for antislavery newspapers. Many people liked it. IT sold 300000 copes in US and a million around the world. It outraged southerners. People in south said that she wrote lies bout plantation life because she never saw or experienced slavery. Her book raised slavery to a new height.

Uncle Tom's Cabin

This was not organized, and it was a changing system of escape routes. Free blacks and white people gave the people, who were trying to escape, food, good hiding places, and directions to where they wanted to go that was closer to free territory. Harriet Tubman worked on this, and she escaped from slavery herself, so she helped others do the same. secretive and underground. happened at night in winter cuz its darker longer. going as north as canada and aas south as mexico.

Underground Railroad

bicameral, 2 houses. 3 seperate branches (executive, judicial, legislative). bigger syayes. votes chose members of lower house, who would select upper house. members of lower house would be chosen in peoportion to the states populaiton. lawmaking body. 2 house - elected by ppl and elected by 1st house.

VA Plan

Raised livestock and exported beef and pork Grew corn-wheat, fruit, and veggies for home market Grew tobacco and sold it through large planters -Didn't have resources to sell tobacco to england band France, no connections, so sell it to large plantations that can sell for them so still making money

Yeoman farmers

Some people say without info from Armistead, he Americans wouldn't have won the battle. Washington sends spies into NY o spread rumors that they are going to attack NY. They had camp around attack buy actually the Americans were going to move down to VA Yorktown. This is the end, the last major battle fought in American Revolution. Americans won

Yorktown

-1/4 of colonists remained loyal to Great Britain and king -their feelings varied from region o region and fam to fam -Most New englanders and VAs were srongly on patriot side -mixed feelings in middle colonies esp NY -strong in southern colonies like SC and GA -their sympathies were strong among ppl who had been gov officials or belonged to Anglican Church -landowners, merchants, docs, lawyers were found on both sides -debtors, small farmers, shopkeepers = patriots -dangerous to be this in many place -patriots harassed these ppl, attacking farms, property, or driving them out of town -sometimes fams divided -during war several regiments of these ppl fought with british -others left country for Canada, Great Britain, British held islands in Caribbean -some lived quiet lives avoiding politics -after war, 100000 more of these ppl left US to settle mainly in Canada

loyalists

What caused the Boston Massacre?

seeing the British soldiers on their streets angered the ppl of Boson. The troops were a reminder of British control and arrogance. Laborers especially didn't like them because poorly paid soldier took part time jobs wen they were not working and street fights were common.

To pay off the states war debts. MA legislature raised taxes and demanded that the taxes be paid in hard currency, not paper money. That hurt farmers in western MA, who used paper money and a barter system. some lost their farms because they owed taxes and some were thrown in debtor's prison. Farmers protested. If courts shut down, judges couldn't order farms to be sold to pay debts. So in Sept 1786 Daniel Shays a veteran who had fought at Bunker Hill led a crowd to close the courthouse at Springfield. in January 1787, Shays led a larger group of angry farmers to break into military arsenal at Springfield., where many guns were stored. After a battle with Ma militia, shays and his men retreated. 4 killed. this was one of several taxpayers revolts to happen during this period. the unrest alarmed some leaders.

shays rebellion

-Locke said that in a civil society people had his with their gov -this theory held that if a gov or ruler didnt protect citizens and their rights the the people were justified in overthrowing the gov

social conract

-Prime minister Grenville wanted colonists to pay for British troops through this act -this act taxed sugar and molasses imported from the French and Spanish West Indies -Northern Merchans felt this would hurt rum rade -Other colonists resented taxation without representation in Parliament

sugar act

Describe the reactions to the emancipation proclamation from overseas.

the British felt Lincoln should have freed all salves. with war now about ending slavery, Britain would side with the union.

What was the central the, of Jefferson's inaugural address?

urged unity and tolerance cuz unit of exceptionalism. 1st peaceful transition. encouraged people to not be violent.

What was Hamilton's plan to pay the debt?

wanted federal gov to take on all debt from the Revolutionary war including state and national gov debts. To do that he had to figure out ways to bring gov more income. Wanted to establish national bank- controlled credit and make loans to gov. Ideas were controversial. gov old bonds to merchants and farmers and army officers and soldiers, promising to pay back money in certain number of years. pay off national debt, states r not in debt. national gov in debt. Jeff and Ham disagree. So the deal was to move the capital down south and then southerns would agree on allowing Hamilton's debt bill to pass. W chose the area.