Digestive HW

Distinguish between chemical digestion and absorption.

Chemical digestion involves the breakdown of food, whereas absorption involves the movement of nutrients across the digestive epithelium into the interstitial fluid.

Lacteals

carry absorbed fats to the lymphatic system.

After food and gastric juices combine, the gastric contents are referred to as

chyme

The order of the small intestine segments, from proximal to distal, is

duodenum, jejunum, ileum.

Bile salts break lipids apart in a process called

emulsification

The hormone that stimulates secretion and contraction by the stomach is

gastrin

Circular folds and intestinal villi

increase the surface area of the mucosa of the small intestine

The part of the digestive tract that plays the primary role in chemical digestion and nutrient absorption is the

jejunum

Carbohydrate digestion begins in the

mouth

Waves of muscular contractions that propel the contents of the digestive tract are called

peristalsis

The enzyme pepsin digests

proteins

Does a high-fat meal raise or lower the level of cholecystokinin (CCK) in the blood?

raise

The intestinal hormone that stimulates the pancreas to release enzymes and buffers is

secretin

What organ is primarily responsible for water absorption?

small intestine

Explain the significance of the alkaline mucous layer lining the interior surface of the stomach.

The mucous layer protects epithelial cells from the acid and enzymes in the gastric lumen

List the accessory organs of the digestive system.

teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas

What anatomical feature of the stomach allows the organ to form chyme?

the 3 muscular layers allows mixing and churning

What is the primary digestive function of the pancreas?

to produce buffers and enzymes for the digestion of starches, lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins

The most important chemical regulator of respiration is

carbon dioxide