digestive system lab practice (mastering)

which cells of the pancreas are endocrine cells? a. mucosal crypts b. pancreatic islets c. acini cells d. sinusoids

b. pancreatic islets

which of the following contains adipose tissue and provides padding for the anterior and lateral portions of the abdomen? a. mesentery proper b. falciform ligament c. lesser omentum d. diaphragm e. greater omentum

e. greater omentum

There are five major processes of digestion: 1) ingestion, 2) propulsion/movement of food toward the anus, 3) mechanical and chemical digestion, 4) absorption of food, and 5) feces formation and defecation. Study the anatomy of the digestive system and follow the path of food from mouth to anus. You need to be able to list the structures that a bolus of food passes through

mouth --> anus esophagus -> stomach -> pyloric sphincter -> small intestine -> ileocecal valve -> colon -> rectum

what do chief cells secrete?

pepsinogen

The circumferential folds that encircle the lumen of the small intestine are known as ________.

plicae circularis

T/F muscularis externa typically contains an inner circular layer and an outer longitudinal layer.

true

The digestive system is a very complex organ system. It provides the main route of energy and water intake, and anything in excess is eliminated. Match the terms with the correct description.

- produces and secretes bile. liver - alternates contraction and relaxation of smooth muscles along the length of the GI tract. peristalsis - largest salivary gland anterior to each ear. parotid gland - another term for chewing. mastication - covers dentin and glues teeth to the periodontal ligament. cementum - secretes hydrochloric acid in the stomach. parietal cells - vessels absorbing and transporting fatty acids and monoglycerides. lacteals - pancreatic juice enters this region of the small intestine. duodenum - has both endocrine and exocrine functions. pancreas - finger-like extensions in the epithelial cell membrane. microvilli

which image has the common hepatic portal vein highlighted? a. image A b. image B c. image C

B

which structure is highlighted? a. submucosa b. muscularis externa c. adventitia d. lamina propria

b. muscularis externa

What controls the passage of chyme from the last region of the stomach to the duodenum region of the small intestine? a. pyloric sphincter b. ileocecal valve c. lower esophageal sphincter d. gastroesophageal sphincter

a. pyloric sphincter

most nutrient absorption in the GI tract occurs in the _____. a. small intestine b. stomach c. large intestine d. oral cavity

a. small intestine

what are the fingerlike projections of the small intestine that increase the absorptive surface area? a. villi b. rugae c. haustra d. cilia

a. villi

the structures identified with the question mark are the ______.

acini

identify the highlighted region.

ascending colon

what structure is highlighted? a. muscularis mucosa b. lacteal c.. blood capillary d. vilus

b. lacteal

Gallbladder removal is a commonly performed surgical procedure done in response to gallstone blockages. Predict what might happen to digestion immediately following gallbladder removal. a. gallbladder removal will decrease protein absorption and cause constipation b. gallbladder removal will decrease carbohydrate metabolism and cause malnutrition c. gallbladder removal will decrease fat absorption and cause diarrhea d. gallbladder removal has no effect on digestion

c. gallbladder removal will decrease fat absorption and cause diarrhea -> lipids are non-polar molecules and are not fully engaged in digestion until they are in the duodenum. once in the duodenum, the bile from the liver and lipases from the pancreas break the fatty acids apart in order to properly transport dietary fat to the liver for further processing.

which structure is highlighted? a. sinusoid b. portal venule c. portal arteriole d. bile duct

c. portal arteriole

identify B

central vein

the anus is indicated by _____.

label G

the spleen is indicated by _____.

label K