Directing and Controlling

The average person has an INHERENT DISLIKE of WORK and will avoid it if he can He/she needs to be COERCED, controlled, directed, threatened, or PUNISHED (or bribed) for him to exert effort He/she prefers to be directed, AVOIDS RESPONSIBILITY, and has little ambition BUT wants SECURITY above all Autocratic - being dictated in a dogmatic way. Ayaw ng responsibilidad (o trabaho) pero gusto ng comfort. Ayaw mag-aral pero gustong pumasa.

AUTOCRATIC OR THEORY X

Managerial function to ensure that activities in an organization are performed according to the plans; Ensures efficient and effective use of organizational resources for achieving the goals; Controlling is a GOAL ORIENTED FUNCTION

CONTROLLING

Principle of Directing Objectives Principle of Harmony of Objectives Principle of Unity of Command

DIRECTING CAN BE ACHIEVED THROUGH;

Autocratic or Theory X Permissive or Theory Y In a nutshell, tries to describe ways in which people are directed or led. Autocratic- being directed in a dogmatic/ dictatorial way It is not natural for us to work

DOUGLAS McGREGOR: THE HUMAN FACTOR OF DIRECTING

The end one strives to attain. [[[All organizations have objectives and goals. Each one of us have personal goals. Depending on your timeline and different means As Machiavelli once said: "the end justify the means" Each individual influenced by a manager to achieve the goal]]]

GOAL

The power to AFFECT others. [[[Kung titingnan natin ang kasaysayan ng Pilipinas, maraming influential leaders. (Jose Rizal and Andres Bonifacio) Conflicting opinions; some people think that Andres Bonifacio is better etc etc But if you think about it, they both influenced a lot of people despite their different perspectives and ways. Bonifacio and Rizal - two different great influencers and leaders. Bonifacio influencing the NOW (at their time) and Rizal influencing even beyond the now (even up to today). Both influential individuals that affect people in different ways. Hitler - he orchestrated a war. It would not have happened if it were not influential enough. Jesus Christ - turned the world upside down or right side up. He only trained limited people but then shared gospel throughout the whole world. > Dalawang tao, ibang ibang perspective, nonetheless was able to influence the whole world. This is still leadership-- the power to influence. In management, a good leader should have the ability to influence the employees thinking that they are working toward a common goal for the company. ]]]

INFLUENCE

Between persons; a leader has more than one person to lead Interpersonal - person to person

INTERPERSONAL

Leading and controlling are not necessarily bad things when it comes to management. It is integral and will ensure success to a company/organization. Controlling in management: how to maximize resources, to know if everything is being done according to plan. Directing and controlling will determine if you are near or far in achieving the goals set by the group (group work) or the company

SUMMARY

Expenditure of physical and mental effort is as natural as play and rest. External control/threat are not the only methods of influencing a person to work Commitment to work is a result of the rewards associated with the achievement of a goal The average person can learn and accept responsibility (wholeheartedly and without regret LOL) Every person has the capacity to imagine, create, and solve problems A person's intellectual potential is only partially utilized in a modern world. [[[You don't have to be threatened, coerced, bribed... to work. As therapists you don't have to always give physical rewards. Sometimes words are enough (e.g. "Good job!") Your responsibility goes beyond a piece of paper. More than just a diploma or a license, we deal with and are accountable for lives. Intellectual potential is only partially utilized: why? Technology has made work very easy Example: TV. before, to watch another channel you have to turn the knob manually and you have to stand up pa. Tas apat na channels lang dati sa MM. Use technology to your advantage but do not be dependent on it. Two theories showing how people want to be led. Are you a type of person that is ....... waht.]]]

PERMISSIVE OR THEORY Y

The more direct personal contact with subordinates is, the more effective will their direction be. Effective leaders are those that know their subordinates. Sabi nila masyadong madami sa isang kumpanya that's why they have assistant managers and more people under a hierarchical structure

PRINCIPLE OF DIRECT SUPERVISION

Subordinates are more likely to respond positively to the direction techniques used when and if these techniques satisfy their various needs. Use of appropriate direct technique not only to satisfy institutional objectives but also to satisfy their needs When you're leading, it doesn't mean that you are always correct. You HAVE to listen.

PRINCIPLE OF DIRECT TECHNIQUE

The more effective the directing process the greater the contribution of participants Comes from the one leading

PRINCIPLE OF DIRECTING OBJECTIVES

The more effective the directing, the more individuals/participants will perceive that their goals are in harmony with the goals of the company In n orientation you are briefed regarding the company's goals and objectives. Orientation: a company's way of indoctrinating you into their mindset Hitler: brainwashing citizens Company first before you The more clear you know the system/ objectives of the company, the more you can function and contribute.

PRINCIPLE OF HARMONY OF OBJECTIVES

The more a manager understands what motivates his subordinates and how these motivations operate, and the more he reflects these in carrying out his managerial actions, the more effective as a leader he is likely to be. E.g. An employee whose ambition is motivated by his desire to support his family Managers need to know

PRINCIPLE OF LEADERSHIP

The more completely an individual has a reporting relationship to a single superior, the less problem of conflict of instructions and the greater the feeling of personal responsibility of results. You only follow one particular authority.

PRINCIPLE OF UNITY OF COMMAND

Difficulty in Stating Quantitative Standards: Some areas for evaluation cannot be quantified ie. human behavior, employees morale No Control on External Factors: Some factors that have a direct/indirect influence on the organization cannot be controlled Resistance from Employees: Some behaviors of employees stem from their own personal convictions and beliefs Costly Affair: Controlling may require the company additional cost [[[External factors: climate, political ganaps, Resistance: imagine a vegetarian working in a meat factory. Motivation to work will be poor Assessment: costly but important]]]

WHAT ARE THE LIMITATIONS OF CONTROLLING?

Establishing Standards and Methods in Measuring Performance Measuring Performance Determining whether Performance meets Standards Taking Corrective Action [[[Control will not be effective if you did not change something wrong in the system, if the status quo is not improved. Steps in controlling is a cycle, once corrective action is done and standards are revised it will repeat the cycle of measuring performance.]]]

WHAT ARE THE STEPS IN CONTROLLING?

Directing is an INTERPERSONAL INFLUENCE directed toward the achievement of a goal or goals. Many of the leaders we think of are able to communicate their visions well, get the cooperation of other individuals. This doesn't mean that leadership is just all talk.. It also needs intelligence and other skills of management - planning and organizing. Influencing others in order for the objectives to be attained.

WHAT IS DIRECTING? (LEADING)

Principle of unity of command Principle of direct supervision Principle of leadership Principle of direction techniques

WHAT IS THE PROCESS OF DIRECTING / LEADING?

It is to "SHAPE" the BEHAVIOR of an individual or group of individuals in order to achieve the ORGANIZATIONAL/INSTITUTIONAL objectives/goals. Bakit pa? All the four functions all have to lead up to the objective. The goal is to come up with an output whether you do it fairly or some other mysterious ways but at the end of the day you'll only be evaluated by your output. If you cannot function in a directing environment, 1. You will not be able to contribute 2. You will be a liability (pabigat)

WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF DIRECTING / LEADING?

Accomplishes Organizational Goals: It helps in comparing actual performance with the pre-determined standards; looking for deviations and making corrective measures Judges Accuracy of Standards: It helps in reviewing and revising the standards according to the changes in the organization and the external environment Makes Efficient Use of Resources: Controlling ensures that each employee is functioning as expected and that the material resources are efficiently being used to avoid wastage. Improves Employee Motivation: Rewards and incentives are integral part of assessments and these increase the motivation of employees to perform better. Ensures Order and Discipline: Controlling ensures that the employees behave as expected Facilitates Coordination in Action: Helps in creating a common direction of action among the different departments and units of an organization [[[Reviewing if: The exam is too difficult The expectation is too high Then you'd have to revise the standards Example forms of control Exams Timeline and Schedule Course outline (you know what topics to follow, deadline of requirements Block heads - coordinating the block Student life - Importance of urgency and complacency]]]

WHY IS CONTROLLING IMPORTANT? Because it...